Breast Neoplasms ; complications ; epidemiology ; Eye Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; secondary ; Female ; Humans

The authors reviewed 250 cases of tumors in the eye and its adnexa diagnosed histopathologirally at the Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital during the last 10 years (Jan. 1976 - Dec. 1985). The results were summarized as follows: 1. The sex distribution revealed 130 males (52%) and 120 females (48%). 2. The tumors of the eye and its adnexa involved the lid 73 cases (29.2%), epibulbar tissue 72 cases (28.8%), the orbit 56 cases (22.4%), and intraocula. tissue 49 cases (19.6%) in decreasing order. 3. There were 159 cases (63.6%) of benign tumors and 91 cases (36.4%) of malignant tumors. 4. The most frequent malignant tumor of the eye and its adnexa was retinoblastoma, and the most frequent benign tumor was nevus. 5. Of the intraocular malignant tumors, the incidence of retinoblastoma was impressively higher than that of malignant melanoma in Koreans. 6. Of the primary malignant lid tumors, the relative incidence of squamous cellcarcinoma and sebaceous gland carcinoma to basal cell carcinoma in Koreanswas high in comparison with that of Caucasians.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell/*epidemiology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/*epidemiology ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Eye Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Eyelid Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Melanoma/*epidemiology ; Nevus/*epidemiology ; Orbital Neoplasms/*epidemiology ; Retinoblastoma/*epidemiology

INTRODUCTIONRetinoblastoma is a very rare disease. There were 30 cases of retinoblastoma diagnosed and treated at National University Hospital (NUH).

MATERIALS AND METHODSA retrospective chart review was performed on the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed with retinoblastoma between 1995 and 2008 at the Department of Paediatrics, National University Hospital, Singapore.

RESULTSThe median age at diagnosis was 1.6 years (range, 0-5.9) with a median follow-up of 1.8 years (range, 0.1 to 11.6). The median time from presenting signs to the time of diagnosis was 5.2 months (range, 0-25.2). Common presenting signs of retinoblastoma were identified; the most common of which were leukocoria (50.0%), squinting (13.3%), poor vision (10.0%), strabismus (6.6%) and unknown (33.3%). Of the 30 patients, 10 were from Singapore whilst the other 20 patients were from the surrounding countries. Twelve patients had bilateral disease at the time of diagnosis, while 18 had unilateral disease. Staging information was available in 27 patients. Enucleation was performed in 25 of 30 patients. Radiation therapy was given in 3 patients in 1995 (bilateral disease), 2001 (bilateral disease) and 2003 (unilateral disease). At the time of analysis, 19 patients were alive with no evidence of disease. Overall 5-year survival for the cohort was 88.1% [95% confidence interval (CI), 88.0-100] and event-free survival for the whole cohort was 74.2% (95% CI, 55.8-92.6).

CONCLUSIONIn our limited experience, the importance of collaboration and standardisation of the staging system, raising awareness and education of primary healthcare providers and parents are strongly stressed.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Confidence Intervals ; Eye Enucleation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pupil Disorders ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; Retinal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; mortality ; surgery ; Retinoblastoma ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; mortality ; surgery ; Retrospective Studies ; Singapore ; epidemiology ; Strabismus ; Survival Analysis ; Vision Disorders

PURPOSE: Recent reports suggest the association of human papilloma virus (HPV) with retinoblastoma. This study was performed to elucidate whether HPV infection is related to retinoblastoma among Koreans. METHODS: A total of 54 cases diagnosed with retinoblastoma were enrolled from Seoul National University Children's Hospital and Seoul Metropolitan Government-Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center. Presence of human papilloma viral DNA was detected by in situ hybridization in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded retinoblastoma tissues using both probes against high- and low risk HPV types. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was 22.0 months (range, 1.1 to 98.0 months), and the mean age at enucleation was 27.8 months (range, 1.5 to 112.7 months) among the 54 patients with retinoblastoma. HPV was not detected in any of the retinoblastoma samples using either high risk or low risk HPV probes. CONCLUSIONS: Our study, being the first study in the Korean population, proposes that HPV infection may have no causal relationship with retinoblastoma in Koreans.
Child, Preschool ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Eye Infections, Viral/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Papillomaviridae/*genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections/complications/diagnosis/*epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Retinal Neoplasms/complications/pathology/*virology ; Retinoblastoma/pathology/*virology

PURPOSE: To elucidate risk potentiality of frontline radiotherapy associated cataracts in primary ocular adnexal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (OAML). METHODS: Data from eight consecutive patients of 41 total OAML patients who had undergone cataract surgery after frontline radiotherapy were analyzed. RESULTS: The median patient age was 46 years (range, 36 to 69 years). The median total radiation dose was 3,780 cGy (range, 3,060 to 4,500 cGy), and the mean duration from radiation irradiation to cataract surgery was 36.60 +/- 8.93 months. Preoperative lens opacification was primarily at the posterior lens subcapsule, and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.43 +/- 0.21. Patients underwent the phacoemulsification surgical procedure with posterior chamber intraocular lens insertion. The average BCVA improved to 0.90 +/- 0.14 after cataract surgery. Two patients underwent posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis, and one had posterior capsule rupture. For posterior capsule opacification (PCO), three patients received Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy after the initial surgery, and one patient is currently under consideration for laser posterior capsulotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy increased posterior subcapsule opacification at a relatively young age in primary OAML. Phacoemulsification was a manageable procedure without severe complications, and final visual outcomes were good. However, because after-cataracts progressed earlier than did senile cataracts, close follow-up should be considered for PCO management.
Adult ; Aged ; Cataract/*epidemiology/etiology ; Eye Neoplasms/*radiotherapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/*radiotherapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Phacoemulsification ; Radiation Dosage ; Radiotherapy/*adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors

PURPOSE: The incidence and clinical correlation of MALT1 translocation and chromosomal numerical aberrations in Korean patients with ocular adnexal mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma have not yet been reported. We investigated the incidence and clinicopathologic relationship of these chromosomal aberrations in ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas in a Korean population. METHODS: Thirty ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas were investigated for the t(11;18) API2-MALT1, t(14;18) IgH-MALT1 translocations and chromosomes 3 and 18 aneuploidies using fluorescence in situ hybridization. Patient medical records were reviewed retrospectively for information on demographics and clinical characteristics, including treatment response. RESULTS: The MALT1 gene rearrangement was found in one out of 30 cases. The t(14;18) IgH-MALT1 translocation was demonstrated in only one case (3.3%), and the t(11;18) API2-MALT1 translocation was not found in any of the cases. Trisomy 3 was observed in three ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas (10.0%), and five cases showed trisomy 18 (16.7%). Translocation positive cases also showed trisomy 18. One case of tumor relapse showed trisomy 18 only in the recurrent biopsies. There were no statistically significant correlations between chromosomal aberrations and clinical characteristics and treatment responses. CONCLUSIONS: Translocations involving the MALT1 gene are not common in Korean ocular adnexal MALT lymphomas. The t(14;18) translocation was detected in only one out of 30 cases, and the t(11;18) translocation was not found at all. Furthermore, the chromosomal aberrations found in this study had no prognostic implications.
Adult ; Aged ; *Chromosome Aberrations ; *Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/*genetics ; Eye Neoplasms/diagnosis/epidemiology/*genetics ; Female ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Incidence ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/diagnosis/epidemiology/*genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Translocation, Genetic ; Young Adult