OBJECTIVES: To explore the difference of eye movement characteristics between uncooperative and cooperative subjects with mental disorder after cerebral trauma. METHODS: Thirty-nine subjects which needed psychiatric impairment assessment were selected. According to the binomial forced-choice digit memory test （BFDMT）, all subjects were divided into cooperative and uncooperative groups. The subjects were asked to take the image completion test from Wechsler adult intelligence scale. Meanwhile, the data of eye movement track, fixation, saccade, pupil and blink were recorded by the track system of eye movement. RESULTS: There were significantly differences （P<0.05） in the data of saccade between cooperative （10 cases） and uncooperative groups （29 cases）. The frequency, time, amplitude, acceleration of saccadic in uncooperative group were significantly higher than cooperation group. The saccade latencies of cooperation group increased more than uncooperative group. There was a significant difference （P<0.05） in total discrete distance, average distance and total time of fixation between two groups, while the average duration time, number and frequency of fixation had no significantly difference （P>0.05） between two groups. And the blink frequency of cooperation group was higher than uncooperative group. CONCLUSIONS Eye movement can be an objective index for the primary judgment of cooperation level.
Adult ; Eye Movement Measurements ; Eye Movements/physiology* ; Humans ; Intelligence Tests ; Saccades/physiology* ; Wechsler Scales

Electronystagmography ; Humans ; Postural Balance ; Vestibular Function Tests

The purpose of this study was to standardize normal EOG values in Koreans. The subject were 23 normal Koreans varying in age 16-40 yrs with no ocular abnormality or disease. EOG was recorded by Life-Tech instrument Model 7310 ERG/EOG stimulator, Model 7101 ERG/EOG analyzer. The result were as follows. Dark trough potential was 235.65 +/- 71.59 uV, Light Peak Potential was 402.60 +/- 103.09 uV, EOG ratio(Lp/Dt) was 1.74 +/- 0.23, Dark trough time was 14-15 minutes, and light peak time was 10 minutes.
Electrooculography

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Canalith repositioning procedure (CRP) is an effective treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). However, there is a significant number of patients who require multiple treatment visits for reliefs of symptoms. The purpose of this study is to identify factors that may be associated with these difficult to treat cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was made of 179 patients who were diagnosed as BPPV. 20 patients who required more than three treatment visits for CRP were included in this study. Statistical analysis included age and sex of patients, the kind of involved semicircular canal (SCC), direction of nystagmus, latency of nystagmus on electronystagmography (ENG) and duration of symptoms. RESULTS: There was no significant statistical association between the number of treatment visit and patient's age, sex. Although significant statistical association was not found, the therapeutic efficacy of lateral SCC BPPV was lower than that of posterior SCC BPPV. In the cases where the direction of nystagmus was ageotrophic, the efficacy of CRT was decreased and statistical significant association was found. Also when short latency of nustagmus on ENG and long duration of symptoms appeared, more trial of CRP was needed and statistical significant association was found. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of BPPV by CRP, we can consider latency of nystagmus on ENG, duration of symptoms, direction of nystagmus and type of involved semicircular canal as prognostic factors.
Electronystagmography ; Humans ; Rehabilitation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Semicircular Canals ; Vertigo*

From retrospective review of medical charts of patients diagnosed as bilateral vestibulopathy during the past seven years, this study investigated incidence, etiologies, symptoms, vestibular function test findings; electronystagmography (ENG) studies, rotatory chair testing, and posturography, and post-vestibular rehabilitation (VRT) follow-up results. we have an incidence of 1.2% of all the 3423 patients who have undergone vestibular function test. Ototoxicity was the first known etiology and we had a lot of patients of idiopathic bilateral vestibulopathy. Most patients in our study had experiences of sudden onset vertigo rather than slowly progressive symptoms. The most frequently complained symptoms were dysequilibrium and oscillopsia. Post-VRT courses were better in patients whose initial gain of vestibulo-ocular reflex(VOR) was high or ascending type.
Electronystagmography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Rehabilitation ; Retrospective Studies ; Vertigo ; Vestibular Function Tests

OBJECTIVE: To show the value of rotating chair test (ROT) as an adjunct to the conventional electronystagmography (ENG) examination including caloric test for the diagnosis of vestibular lesions. BACKGROUND: Since caloric stimulatim is regarded as a very low frequency (0. 003Hz) test, it is desirable to test the function of horizontal semicircula canals by stimulating with faster frequencies. Baloh et al. (1984a) described that lesions ofdifferentiated by ROT. Leigh and Zee(1991) told that ROT can give more accurate and reproducible results than do caloric tests. METHOD: 30 patients who suffered from vertigo with either peripheral or central pathology were given computerized ENG and ROT. We discuss the representative examples of our initial experience with ROT. RESULTS: 1.In eight patients with known peripheral pathology, low-frequency phase deficits, asymmetry toward the lesim side and VOR suppression by gazefixation were seen during ROT. With bilateral peripheral vetibular disease, the ROT could identify remaining vestibular function at higher frequencies. 2. Seven patients with lesions of central vestibular structure showed abnormalities of saccades and pursuit during ENG and failure of VOR suppression by gaze fixation during ROT. 3. Out of 15 patients whose lesions could not be localized distinctly after caloric test, four patients were suggested to have central pathology. CONCLUSION: ROT can be a useful method to study the vestibular abnonnahties and an adjunct to the conventional ENG test.
Caloric Tests ; Diagnosis ; Electronystagmography ; Humans ; Pathology ; Saccades ; Vertigo* ; Vestibular Function Tests

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the past studies, it was reported that vertigo was accompanied by sudden deafness patients from 25% to 47% and it increased to 56% when electronystagmography was used. They also reported that when sudden deafness patients showed vertigo symptom. The initial hearing losses were severe and their prognoses were poor. But they divided the sudden deafness patients simply by whether vertigo existed, not considering the extent of hearing loss. So we compared the prognosis between the sudden deafness patients showing the same level of hearing loss. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We sampled 157 sudden deafness patients (Feb 1999 - Mar 2002). Of these, 17 patients with acute vertigo (group A) and 17 control patients without vertigo (group B) having the same level of mean air conduction as group A were selected. RESULTS: Group A showed frequent flat form of audiogram, poor response to treatment regardless of the age than group B. CONCLUSION: In sudden deafness patients, objectively proven acute vertigo symptom is a prognostic factor of hearing recovery.
Electronystagmography ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Sudden* ; Hearing* ; Humans ; Incheon* ; Prognosis ; Vertigo*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Psychogenic dizziness has not been studied extensively in Korea while it is seen frequently. We investigated the prevalence of psychiatric diagnosis and the results of vestibular function testings in patients with the diagnosis of psychogenic dizziness at a Korean tertiary university hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on 38 patients with the diagnosis of psychogenic dizziness. They all received vestibular function testings (ENG, rotating chair test and posturography). Patients with central or vestibular organic disease were excluded from this study. RESULTS: Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric disorder causing psychogenic vertigo(47.4%) in this study. Anxiety disorder(21.1%) and depression(21.1%) were the next common causes. The vestibular function testings were abnormal in 19 patients(50.0%). The electronystagmography in 11, rotating chair test in 6, and posturography in 14 patients were abnormal. CONCLUSIONS: Somatoform disorder was the most common psychiatric disorder and vestibular function tests were abnormal in 50% of psychogenic dizziness patients. It implies that the patients with psychogenic dizziness have functional abnormalities in vestibular system.
Anxiety ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness* ; Electronystagmography ; Humans ; Korea ; Mental Disorders* ; Prevalence ; Somatoform Disorders ; Vestibular Function Tests*

Periodic alternating nystagmus(PAN) is a form of spontaneous nystagmus with a specific pattern. It may be of congenital origin in many cases, and may be related to vestibulo-cerebellar system disease. It usually causes not only many ophthalmic problems such as decreased vision but also neurologic symptoms such as ataxic gait. So, ophthalmologist must perform both ophthalmic and neurologic examinations. Nystagmus can be treated with muscle relaxant. We report our experience about 30-year-old woman who complained of involuntary ocular movement and ataxic gait, and were diagnosed as PAN associated with Chiari-1 malformation and syringomyelia through electronystagmography and brain MRF.
Adult ; Brain ; Electronystagmography ; Female ; Gait ; Humans ; Neurologic Examination ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Nystagmus, Pathologic* ; Syringomyelia*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Qualitative oculomotor abnormalities have been reported in parkinsonian patients for many years, but conflicting results have been obtained. This study was performed to evaluate the correlation between the severity of the disease and the abnormalities of the ocular movements in idiopathic parkinson's disease. METHODS: We gave the vestibular function tests in patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease and normal controls. Eye movement recordings were made with automated electronystagmography and rotation test was performed. A total of 46 patients (mean age : 61.2+/-6.7) and 24 controls (mean age : 60.5+/-4.3) were studied. The severity of the disease was divided into two groups by modified Hoehn & Yahr staging ; H-Y stage 1 and 2 as a mild group and stage 3 and 4 as a severe group. RESULTS: Saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain and velocity, vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) suppression by vision were significantly altered in patients, whereas mean velocity of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) and VOR gain in darkness were normal. Alteration of saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain and velocity, VOR suppression by vision were profound in the severe group compared with a mild group and controls, but the above parameters did not differ between a mild group and controls. In a hemiparkinson's group, saccadic latency and accuracy, pursuitic gain, OKN mean velocity and gain was not different between the both sides. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that severe Parkinson's disease damages nigrostriatal or other specific pathways which were involved in the regulation of the saccadic, pursuitic and pursuitic-mediated visual fixation system. In a hemiparkinson's group asymmetric damage of dopaminergic innervation which was involved in the regulation of ocular movements was not found.
Darkness ; Electronystagmography ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic ; Parkinson Disease* ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; Vestibular Function Tests