Objective: This study correlated the patterns of ocular B- and A-scans of intraocular retinoblastoma (RB) with corresponding histopathology sections. It aimed to establish a more objective basis for determining intraocular retinoblastoma by ultrasonography (UTZ) and to determine the degree of malignancy and viability of the tumor cells. Methods: New cases of retinoblastoma seen at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) from January 1994 to December 2003 were reviewed. Included were patients who underwent enucleation and whose eyeballs were processed at the UP Institute of Ophthalmology. Those with good quality ocular ultrasonographs (UTZ) and clear matching histopathologic sections were finally selected. Findings were correlated and analyzed.Results: Retinoblastoma (RB) showed multiplicity of lesions on UTZ corresponding to multiple lesions on histopathology. The following characteristic patterns were seen: Very malignant RB or pseudorosettes: fine, grainy densities on B-scan with short to medium broad spikes on A-scan ("V-W" pattern). Moderate differentiation with moderate necrosis and early calcific plaques: fine, dense grainy opacities on B-scan with multiple thin, high spikes admixed with tall, broad spikes of calcium deposits on A-scan. Well-differentiated RB with compact viable cells and no necrosis: large, white densities on B-scan with an initial high spike and high internal reflectivity, sometimes "plateauing," on A-scan with no calcific deposits. Complete tumor necrosis with calcific plaques: echolucent space with dense, white, plaque-like opacities on B-scan; flat or low spikes mixed with tall, broad spikes corresponding to calcium plaques on A-scan. Normal vitreous, serous subretinal fluid, or recent hemorrhage: echolucent area on B-scan with flat or low spikes on A-scan. Conclusion: The three most frequent findings in intraocular retinoblastoma were calcific plaques with liquefaction necrosis, multiplicity of lesions, and pseudorosettes. Ocular ultrasound of retinoblastoma showed good histopathologic correlation.
Human ; RETINOBLASTOMA ; ULTRASONOGRAPHY ; RETINAL NEOPLASMS ; RETINAL DISEASES ; EYE DISEASES ; PATHOLOGY

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a potentially fatal connective disorder that is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with a prevalence of around 2-3 in 10000 live births. It is characterized by defects in the cardiovascular, skeletal and ocular systems. Evidence from genetic indicates that mutations in FBN1, the gene that encodes fibrillin-1 are responsible for MFS. In addition to skeletal, ocular, and cardiovascular feathers, patients with MFS have also involvement of skin, integument, lungs, and muscle tissue, and the condition in sudden death is also very common due to severe abnormalities of cardiovascular system.
Cardiovascular Diseases/pathology* ; Eye Diseases/pathology* ; Genotype ; Humans ; Marfan Syndrome/pathology* ; Microfilament Proteins/genetics* ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/pathology* ; Mutation ; Phenotype

Pseudoexfoliation syndrome is characterized by the presence of gray-white flakes on the pupillary borders and anterior lens capsule, increased trabecular meshwork pigmentation, and association with glaucoma. We describe 3 patients with this syndrome seen at Asan Meidcal Center Department of Ophthalmology in 1989, and we focus on their clinical features and management. We believe that patients with this syndrome are not as rare in Korea as has been thought, judging by scant report of cases in the past.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anterior Eye Segment/*pathology ; Eye Diseases/*pathology ; Female ; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure/complications ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle/complications ; Humans ; Lens Diseases/pathology ; Male

proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is the most common cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. Three different procedures were performed in 20 pigmented rabbits to devise a simple model to induce experimental PVR. Rabbits were assigned randomly to three groups (I, II, and III). Group I rabbits (5 rabbits, 10 eyes) rereived normal saline into the vitreous cavity, after an iatrogenic retinal tear was made. In group II rabits (8 rabbits, 8 eyes), a suspension of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and choroid from the left eye was transferred into the vitreous cavity of the right eye. In group III rabbits (7 rabbits, 7 eyes), a suspension of RPE and choroid from the left eye was transferred into the vitreous cavity of the right eye after an iatrogenic retinal tear was made. The fundus was observed for 2 months with an indirect ophthalmoscope. The incidence of retinal detachment in group I was zero (O/IO), that of group II was 37.5% (3/8), and that of group III was 85.7% (6/7). Electron microscopic findings of the vitreous strand of one eye of group II showed a central melanocytic core, peripheral fibroblasts, and intercellular collasen fibril. Electron microscopic findings in one eye of group III revealed a subretinal membrane composed of suspected RPE and glial cells.
Animals ; *Disease Models, Animal ; Pigment Epithelium of Eye/pathology ; Rabbits ; Retinal Diseases/*etiology ; Vitreous Body/pathology

No abstract available.
Child ; Cornea/*abnormalities ; Cysts/*diagnosis ; Eye Abnormalities/*diagnosis ; Eye Diseases/*diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Visual Acuity/physiology ; Vitreous Body/*pathology

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the characteristics and main problems of eye injuries in forensic identification. METHODS: Sixty cases of eye injury in forensic expertise were retrospectively analyzed according to sex, age, employment, trauma-causing instrument and injury type, respectively. RESULTS: Of the 60 cases there are 61.7% being peasants and workers, 85.0% suffering from blunt trauma and 63.3% suffering from simple contusion. CONCLUSION Eyes injuries was mostly caused by blunt trauma. Pathological change of fundus was an important factor affecting the vision function. The injury-causing instruments, injury sites and medical history of eyes should be considered while evaluating the vision.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Expert Testimony ; Eye Diseases/pathology* ; Eye Injuries/diagnosis* ; Female ; Forensic Pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Vision Disorders/pathology* ; Wounds, Nonpenetrating/diagnosis* ; Young Adult

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of anterior segment optical coherence tomography to assess the anterior segment morphology of hyperopia in school-aged children. 320 eyes of 160 school-aged children, 6-12 years of age, were examined with anterior segment optical coherence tomography and were divided into four groups according to the cycloplegic spherical equivalence of refractive error. The mentioned four groups were: emmetropia group, low hyperopia group, moderate hyperopia group and high hyperopia group. The measurements of central corneal thickness, anterior chamber depth, angle opening distance, trabecular iris space area and scleral angle were compared in pairs among objects in the four groups. The results showed that high hyperopia and moderate hyperopia had shallower anterior chamber depth and narrower anterior chamber angle compared to those in emmetropia group. The study also showed that anterior segment optical coherence tomography as a non-contact technology could become a new technology for accessing the anterior segment morphology of hyperopia in school-aged children.
Anterior Chamber ; pathology ; Child ; Eye Diseases, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Hyperopia ; diagnosis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence

PURPOSE: To evaluate the change of axial length (AL), intraocular pressure (IOP), and corneal astigmatism after scleral shortening with scleral invagination in the rabbit eye. METHODS: The authors performed scleral shortening (3 mm) with scleral invagination in two groups of 6 eyes each: 180 degrees (group 1) and 360 degrees (group 2). RESULTS: Average AL shortening was more prominent in group 2 (0.5 +/- 0.17 mm) than in group 1 (0.37 +/- 0.29 mm), but the difference was not statistically significant. IOP increased immediately after the procedure and was maintained at a high level through 2 months postoperatively. Induced corneal astigmatism was more prominent in group 1 than in group 2. The difference was statistically significant in group 1 (p< 0.05) but not in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: In the scleral shortening with scleral invagination procedure, a large amount of scleral invagination resulted in more shortening of axial length, but there was more corneal astigmatism in 180-degree invagination of the sclera than in 360-degree. Further research is required to determine the effect of the extent of scleral invagination on the change of these values.
Animals ; Astigmatism/*etiology ; Corneal Diseases/*etiology ; Eye/*pathology ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Postoperative Period ; Rabbits ; Sclera/*surgery

To evaluate the histopathologic changes after an inferior oblique marginal myotomy with local injection of triamcinolone, an inferior oblique marginal myotomy was performed in 14 white rabbits and they were divided into 2 groups, one group with a local injection of triamcinolone and the other group without triamcinolone injection after a myotomy. At the postoperative one month, an edema of the muscle fibers and an infiltration of the inflammatory cells were observed and at postoperative three months, a fibrous tissue ingrowth around the muscle fibers and an atrophy of the muscle fibers were found and those changes were less prominant in the group with triamcinolone injection. The local injection of triamcinolone after the inferior oblique marginal myotomy would help in decreasing the fibrous tissue ingrowth and the formation of the scar tissue, thus it could be used in augmenting the effect of the inferior oblique marginal myotomy.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Eye Diseases/pathology ; Injections ; Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects/*pathology/*surgery ; Rabbits ; Triamcinolone/administration & dosage

To evaluate the histopathologic changes after an inferior oblique marginal myotomy with local injection of triamcinolone, an inferior oblique marginal myotomy was performed in 14 white rabbits and they were divided into 2 groups, one group with a local injection of triamcinolone and the other group without triamcinolone injection after a myotomy. At the postoperative one month, an edema of the muscle fibers and an infiltration of the inflammatory cells were observed and at postoperative three months, a fibrous tissue ingrowth around the muscle fibers and an atrophy of the muscle fibers were found and those changes were less prominant in the group with triamcinolone injection. The local injection of triamcinolone after the inferior oblique marginal myotomy would help in decreasing the fibrous tissue ingrowth and the formation of the scar tissue, thus it could be used in augmenting the effect of the inferior oblique marginal myotomy.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Edema ; Eye Diseases/pathology ; Injections ; Oculomotor Muscles/drug effects/*pathology/*surgery ; Rabbits ; Triamcinolone/administration & dosage