OBJECTIVETo investigate the facial aging analysis of 1200 Han adult people in Dalian with iris diameter, so as to provide reference for facial rejuvenation in Han people.

METHODS1200 facial digital photographs from the second-generation ID card of China were stratified randomly selected as the research sample, excluding facial deformity, tattooing eyebrow, tattooing lid margin, ptosis, lip grain and eyebrow deformity cases, as well as the cases whose join point of upper eyelid and lower eyelid not exposed at the nasal side. These photos were divided into six cohorts: female aged 18, 38, and 68 years old; and male aged 18, 38, and 68 years old, with 200 cases in each cohort. The individual iris diameter was divided into 20 equal parts in each photograph, with each part marked one unit as individual iris diameter ruler. Ten values were made from a horizontal plane between the medial canthus to ten points at one face ( the line between two medial canthus is used as the horizontal line, circumocular and facial soft tissue were measured with individual iris diameter ruler on the photographs), then the results were analyzed with Adobe Photoshop software.

RESULTSThere are statistically significant differences in eyebrow height (36.42 ± 4.22 unit in 18 years old male group, 40.22 ± 6.90 unit in 38 years old male group, 34.83 ± 9.39 unit in 68 years old male group; 37.59 ± 6.72 unit in 18 years old female group, 41.09 ± 5.15 unit in 38 years old female group, 36.84 ± 9.45 unit in 68 years old female group), palpebral fissure height, physiognomic external canthus height, palpebral fissure width, pupil height and other items (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS(1) The brow position rises to the peak level at middle age (38 years old group), then drops down gradually with aging. (2) The physiognomic external canthus moves towards the nasal side and caudal side with aging. (3) Eyeball moves towards caudal side with aging. (4) The soft tissue around bilateral angle of mouth, nasal tip and submaxilla moves towards caudal side with aging. (5) The measurement of individual iris diameter ruler can apply to analyze the aging changes of facial soft tissue, and is more suitable for the case when facial photographs are taken at different distances.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Aging ; China ; ethnology ; Cohort Studies ; Eye ; anatomy & histology ; Eyebrows ; anatomy & histology ; Face ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Iris ; anatomy & histology ; Lip ; anatomy & histology ; Male ; Nose ; anatomy & histology ; Photography ; Rejuvenation ; Sex Factors

Differences of some points, levels and angles of the healthy and affected sides of patients with peripheral facial paralysis were picked out according to photographs. Through analysis of the index between the healthy and affected side of the patients and the difference between healthy people and patients, it is approved that those special points, levels and angles, which are called as deviation index of eye and mouth, can evaluate peripheral facial paralysis objectively and judge the degree of deviation. Therefore, it provides references for the diagnosis of facial paralysis and its degree judgement.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Eye ; anatomy & histology ; Facial Paralysis ; diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mouth ; anatomy & histology

To quantify the dynamic changes taking place in the anterior segment, we measured the anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT) and their difference between sexes and age groups in normal eyes using contact ultrasonography and anterior chamber photography. There were 141 women (241 eyes) and 76 men (130 eyes) between the ages of 10 and 70 years. In normal eyes, the lens thickness was increased and the anterior chamber depth was decreased with aging in both sexes. The anterior chamber depth showed an accelerated decrease between the 4th and 5th decades in females and the ratio of anterior chamber depth to axial length was smaller in females than in males after the 5th decade. The results suggested that the prevalence of angle closure glaucoma will be increased in females after middle age.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Anterior Chamber/anatomy & histology ; Child ; Eye/*anatomy & histology/*growth & development ; Female ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline/anatomy & histology ; Male ; Middle Aged

PURPOSE: To assess the accuracy of intraocular lens (IOL) power predictions for cataract surgery in eyes with primary angle-closure glaucoma (ACG). Because of shifting of the capsular bag apparatus and shortening of the axial length, preoperative calculation of IOL power may be inaccurate for eyes with ACG. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective comparative case series comprised of 42 eyes from 42 patients with primary ACG and 45 eyes from 45 subjects with normal open-angles undergoing uneventful cataract surgery. Anterior segment biometry including anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were compared. Using the SRK-II formula, the powers of the implanted IOL and the actual postoperative spherical equivalent (SE) refractive errors were compared between the two groups. Also, the absolute values of differences between predicted and residual SE refractive errors were also analyzed for each group. RESULTS: In ACG patients, anterior chamber depth and axial length were shorter and the lens was thicker than normal controls (all p < 0.001). Even though residual SE refractive error was not significantly different (p = 0.290), the absolute value of the difference between predicted and residual SE refractive error was 0.64 +/- 0.50 diopters in AGC patients and 0.39 +/- 0.36 diopters in control subjects (p = 0.012). The number of eyes that resulted in inaccurate IOL power predictions of more than 0.5 diopters were 21 (50.00%) in the ACG group, but only 12 (26.67%) in the control group (p = 0.043). CONCLUSION: IOL power predictions for cataract surgery in ACG patients can be inaccurate, and it may be associated with their unique anterior segment anatomy.
Biometry ; *Cataract Extraction ; Eye/anatomy & histology/pathology ; *Glaucoma, Angle-Closure ; *Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical curative effect of primary dysmenorrhea and the content of prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha) in peripheral blood of menstrual periods treated with eye acupuncture therapy.

METHODSOne hundred and ten cases of primary dysmenorrhea were randomly divided into an eye acupuncture group (60 cases) and a medication group (50 cases). In eye acupuncture group, low energizer area, liver area, kidney area, heart area and spleen area etc. were selected according to the differentiation, and the eye acupuncture therapy was applied. In medication group, Ibuprofen Sustained Release Capsules was taken with oral administration for 300 mg 1-2 days before menses coming or when the symptoms appeared, once every 12 hours, for 3-5 days totally. Three menstrual periods made one session. The content of PGF2alpha in peripheral blood, and the curative effects and recurrence 3 and 6 months after treatment were observed.

RESULTSAfter 3 months treatment, compared with the curative effects between both groups, the cured rate was 55.0% (33/60) and the total effective rate was 95.0% (57/60) in eye acupuncture group, which were superior to those of 34.0% (17/50) and 82.0% (41/50) in medication group (both P < 0.05). According to the following-up after 6 menstrual periods, the recurrence rate was 9.1% (3/33), inferior to that of 35.3% (6/11) in medication group. The contents of PGF2alpha in peripheral blood of menstrual periods were all reduced after treatment in two groups (both P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe curative effect of primary dysmenorrhea treated with eye acupuncture is favorable, and the lever of PGF2alpha in peripheral blood of menstrual periods is reduced.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Dinoprost ; blood ; Dysmenorrhea ; blood ; therapy ; Eye ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Young Adult

A case of periocular dirofilariasis has been diagnosed in Iran. A 27-yr old female referred with a history of edema and redness in the left eye since 2 wk ago. On slit lamp examination, a moving thread-like worm was seen in the subconjunctival area. Two days later, a 126 mm long, live filaria worm was extracted from the lower lid subcutaneous tissue. The worm was diagnosed as, likelihood, Dirofilaria immitis on microscopic examinations. The present case suggests that D. immitis can cause periocular infections.
Adult ; Animals ; Dirofilaria immitis/anatomy & histology/isolation & purification ; Dirofilariasis/*diagnosis/parasitology ; Eye Infections, Parasitic/*diagnosis/*parasitology ; Female ; Humans

It is very difficult to measure the human eye properties directly, such as the accommodation mechanism, intraocular pressure distribution, the dynamics of aqueous humor flow and the bio-heat transfer in human eyes. Modeling and simulation may, therefore, play an increasingly important role in the ophthalmologic investigation. The major computer modeling methods, including geometric modeling, physical modeling and mathematical modeling, are introduced in this paper. Modeling and simulation anatomy properties and physiological properties of eye tissues, such as the cornea, aqueous humor and crystalline lens, vitreous, optic nerve head, sclera, are analyzed in the order from global to local, from front to back, from outside to inside. Finally, the problems of computer modeling in ophthalmologic investigation are discussed, and the development trends of the future are pointed out.
Aqueous Humor ; physiology ; Computer Simulation ; Cornea ; physiology ; Eye ; anatomy & histology ; Humans ; Lens, Crystalline ; physiology ; Ophthalmology ; trends ; Sclera ; physiology

As the infrared image gray distribution of nystagmus video is uneven, the accuracy of pupil edge detection could not be high enough. A pupil location method based on morphology and Canny algorithm was presented in this paper. Some meaningless regions were removed by morphology, and target was smoothed. The connected regions were separated, and the largest connected region-pupil was found. Then the pupil edges were extracted by the designed Canny edge detection algorithm. The coordinates of pupil for each frame images were calculated and the pupil movement tracking was fitted. Finally, desired clinical diagnostic information would be obtained from the tracking. Experimental results showed that the method could be adapted to different gray values for different objects, and could accurately detect the edge of the pupil. As the pupil was tracked well, the experimental results could reflect the eye movement. The method provides a practical way for the pupil location of existing domestic researches in video-nystagmograph.
Algorithms ; Electronystagmography ; instrumentation ; methods ; Eye Movements ; physiology ; Humans ; Infrared Rays ; Iris ; anatomy & histology ; Nystagmus, Pathologic ; diagnosis ; Videotape Recording

The intraocular pressure and the anteroposterior length of the eye are of great clinical importance for the diagnosis and management, before and after surgery, of congenital glaucoma. It is well-known that normal intraocular pressure in children is different from the normal levels in adults. We performed measurements of intraocular pressure and axial length in 141 children who had been admitted for eye problems other than glaucoma. The intraocular pressures were measured with the Perkins hand-held applanation tonometer at the beginning of general anesthesia. Simultaneously, A-scan ultra-sound measurements of the axial lengths of the eyes were made. In 10 children under the age of two years, the intraocular pressure was 11.85 +/- 1.35 mmHg. In 79 children from two to seven years, the intraocular pressure was 12.80 +/- 1.73 mmHg. In 52 children from seven to 15 years, the intraocular pressure was 13.31 +/- 1.79 mmHg. The axial lengths of the eyes in children under the age of two years, from two to seven years, and from seven to 15 years, were 21.31 +/- 0.97 mm, 22.04 +/- 0.92 mm, and 23.22 +/- 1.00 mm, respectively. These results were considered to be guidelines for measuring intraocular pressure and axial length in children suspected of having congenital glaucoma. The differences of intraocular pressures stated by other authors are due to early measurement of the intraocular pressure at the beginning of general anesthesia.
Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eye/*anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; *Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; Reference Values ; Tonometry, Ocular

BACKGROUNDOlder subjects tend to have smaller ocular anterior segment. The present study aimed to measure anterior segment dimensions with optical coherence tomography (OCT) and quantitatively assess the effect of age and other factors.

METHODSAnterior segment OCT images were obtained in normal subjects residing in the greater Los Angeles area. Four line scans were acquired at the 90°, 45°, 0° and 135° meridians of each eye. Computer calipers acquired anterior segment dimensions of corneal diameter, anterior chamber width, corneal vault and anterior chamber depth on OCT images. Measurements from 4 meridians were averaged. Axial length and corneal power were measured by partial coherence interferometry. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess correlations.

RESULTSSixty-six eyes of 33 normal subjects (aged 22 - 65 years, 19 Asians, 14 Caucasians) were enrolled. For every 1 year of age, corneal diameter was 0.033 mm narrower (P < 0.01), anterior chamber width was 0.031 mm narrower (P < 0.01), corneal vault was 0.016 mm lower (P < 0.01), and anterior chamber depth was 0.025 mm lower (P < 0.01). Asian eyes had smaller corneal diameter (P = 0.035) and anterior chamber width (P = 0.015) compared with those of Caucasian eyes. Body height showed positive correlation with corneal diameter (0.039 mm per centimeter of height, P < 0.01) and corneal vault (0.024 mm per centimetre of height, P < 0.01). Gender did not have an independent effect on anterior segment dimensions.

CONCLUSIONSAnterior segment dimensions were smaller in older subjects. Age-related changes may affect the tolerability of long-term implants such as phakic intraocular lens.

Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Anterior Eye Segment ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Tomography, Optical Coherence