No abstract available.
Exudates and Transudates*

Biochemical variability among 20 Indian isolates of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum collected from different hosts/soil samples from different localities in India is reported. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of ethyl acetate fraction of culture filtrate, mycelia, sclerotia and sclerotial exudate showed 15~23 peaks but only 11 could be identified. They were tannic, gallic, oxalic, caffeic, vanillic, ferulic, O-coumeric, chlorogenic, cinnamic, salicylic and gentisic acids. The amount of phenolic compounds varied among the culture filtrates, mycelia, sclerotia and sclerotial exudates of S. sclerotiorum.
Ascomycota* ; Exudates and Transudates ; India ; Phenol

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differential findings of CT in the differention of pleural exudates and transudates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and thirteen consecutive patients (113 effusions) underwent enhanced thoracic CT ; the scans were evaluated for the presence or absence and appearance of enhancing parietal pleural thickening and extrapleural fat thickening. Thoracentesis was performed to measure pleural and serum total protein andlactate dehydrogenase(LDH) values. Effusions were classified as exudates by using Light's criteria. RESULTS: Eighty-eight effusions were exudates and 25 were transudates. Eighty-three of the 88 exudates (93%) were associated with enhanced parietal pleural thickening ; seventy of the 88 (80%) were associated with extrapleural fat thickening. Four of the 25 transudates were associated with parietal pleural thickening and extrapleural fat thickening, both of which were the most important factors in differentiating beteen pleural exudates and transudates(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Parietal pleural thickening and extrapleural fat thickening on contrast-enhanced CT almost always in dicate the presence of pleural exudates.
Exudates and Transudates* ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Rabeprazole

A total of 1,132 pleural fluid culture results obtained from October 2012 to July 2014 were analyzed to elucidate the microbiological characteristics according to transudative and exudative pleural fluid. The pleural fluid cultures were performed using aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles. The blood and pleural fluid for total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and glucose measurement were submitted to laboratory at the same time with pleural fluid cultures. The rates for culture positivity, anaerobes isolation, and polymicrobials between transudative and exudative pleural fluid were 5.2% vs. 10.4%, 14.8% vs. 7.8%, and 14.8% vs. 10.9%.
Exudates and Transudates ; Glucose ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

PURPOSE: The goal of wound managements are to prevent further tissue injury during dressing changes, and absorb the excessive exudates, provide moist condition, reduce the infection. But the usual dressing methods have several limitations to serve the information about wound surface environment. Moist, pressure, temperature, pH are the important factors that give us the information about the healing process phase, speed of healing, & the risk of infection. METHODS: We made full thickness wounds & burn on porcine model, then assessed the surface temperature intermittently until repithelialization were completed, and size measurement were done with Image Pro Plus 6.0. RESULTS: In wound areas, the surface temperature was lowest at post operation #1 day, then slightly increased till POD #21 days, and again down slope curvature. In burn area, the surface temperature was highest at POD #1 day, then slightly decreased till POD # 21 days, and more fall curvature. Modern sensing technology along with wireless radio frequency communication technology is posed to make significant advances in wound management. Our result will be a basic data for the future researches about the surface temperature monitor to detect the early infection and the intervention to modulate the surface temperature to increase the rate of epithelialization. CONCLUSION: The result of the correlation between the surface temperature and area reduction have weak or moderate negative Pearson correlation coefficient.
Bandages ; Burns* ; Exudates and Transudates ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Wounds and Injuries*

To evaluate late change of irradiated lung, a total of 60 rats was irradiated on right lungfield with a single dose of 2000 rads using Co-0 teletherapy unit. Follow-p roentgenographic and histopathologic study was performed three, six and twelve months after irradiation in each group of 20 rats. The results were as follows: 1.Chest roentgenographic findings in the order of frequency were pneumonic consolidation, atelectasis, and pleural effusion in 3-onth follow-p group; atelectasis, fibrostreaky infiltration, and pneumonic consolidation in 6-onth follow-p; and normal, and normal, and atelectasis in 12-onths follow-p group. 2. Main histopathological findings were alveolar and interstitial exudates, and diffuse infiltration of inflammatory cells in 3-onth follow-p group; thickening of interstitium and vascular wall in 6-onth follow-p group; and interstitial fibrosis in 12-onth follow-p group.
Animals ; Exudates and Transudates ; Fibrosis ; Lung* ; Pleural Effusion ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; Rats

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether MR images after intravenous administration of Gd-DTPA can differentiate exudative and transudative pleural effusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 18 patients with ten exudative and eignt transudative pleural effusions diagnosed clinically and by thoracentesis. We analysed the relationship between T1 value(normalized to fat) and the ratio of effusion/serum protein of pleuraleffusion. We also assessed the contrast enhancement of exudative and transudative pleural effusion on T1 weighted SE images taken at 15 and 30 minutes after administration of Gd-DTPA. RESULTS: The relationship between the effusion/serum protein ratio and T1 value(normalized to fat) was statistically not significant(r=0.27, P=0.381).On precontrast spin-echo T1W1, mean signal intensity of the transudate was 0.18 (+/-0.04) and that of the exudatewas 0.24(+/-0.07), values which were not significant differences(P>0.05). Postcontrast mean signal intensities of transudates at 15 and 30 were 0.20+/- 0.06 and 0.26+/-0.08, respectively, values which were not significantly higherthan that of precontrast mean signal intensity(P<0.05). Postcontrast mean signal intensity values of exudative pleural effusions at 15 and 30 mimutes(0.32+/-0.06 and 0.39+/-0.06, respectively) were, on the other hand, significantly higher than that of precontrast mean signal intensity(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Postcontrast T1-weighted SE images at 15 and 30 minutes can be helpful in the differentiation of transudative and exudative pleural effusion.
Administration, Intravenous ; Exudates and Transudates ; Gadolinium DTPA ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion*

Tufted hair folliculitis is an inflammatory disorder of the scalp characterized by a peculiar tufting of hair within areas of scarring alopecia. Histopathological studies reveal perifollicular inflammation around the upper portions of the follicles sparing the hair root level. Within areas of inflammation, several follicles converge toward a common follicular duct with a widely dilated opening. The cause of tufted hair folliculitis is unknown, and the therapeutic approach is problematic. We present herein a patient with a 28-year history of recurrent and progressive tufted hair folliculitis. A 33-year-old man was referred to our department for the treatment of chronic and relapsing inflammatory lesions of the scalp. The clinical examination revealed a circumscribed area of 15cm length and 10cm width on the occipital area of the scalp which was characterized by hair tufting and exudates. Histopathologic findings were typical for tufted hair folliculitis. We believe that hair tufting is a secondary phenomenon which may occur in several inflammatory diseases of the scalp.
Adult ; Alopecia ; Cicatrix ; Exudates and Transudates ; Folliculitis* ; Hair* ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Scalp

The importance of dressing in the territory of plastic surgery has been greatly emphasized. Especially the tie-over dressing method is very effective method which has been widely used in the areas of skin graft, and after subcutaneous shaving for osmidrosis. However, the present tie-over dressing method, using cotton balls or gauze, is poses several problems. The damp areas produced by insufficient absorption of exudate, inappropriate and uneven pressure, and excessive pressure become susceptible to infection, conclusively leading to the decreased success rate. For the last three years, we have been using the sponge, replacing the cotton balls or gauze, in total 248 cases for compressive dressing of skin graft, conchal cartilage graft, dermofat graft and subcutaneous shaving of the osmidrosis. We conclude this new method has many benefits as well as the solutions to the problems of using cotton balls or gauze.
Absorption ; Bandages* ; Cartilage ; Exudates and Transudates ; Porifera* ; Skin ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants

BACKGROUND: The criteria established by Light et al in 1972 have been used widely for the differential diagnosis of the pleural effusions in transudates and exsudates. However, in recent years, several reports have agreed that these criteria misclassified an important number of effusions. For this reason, different parameters have been proposed for differentiation the transudates from exudates. Nevertheless, all these alternative parameters have not been better than the past criteria of Light et al. In response the usefulness of two parameters for differentiation pleural transudate from exudates were evaluated : pleural fluid cholinesterase level and pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio. METHODS: A total of forty-three patient with know causes of the pleura effusion by diagnostic thoracentesis were studied. The following criteria for differentiating the pleural effusions in transudates and exsudates were analyzed : Light's criteria, the pleural fluid cholesterol level, the pleural fluid to serum cholesterol ratio. the pleural fluid cholinesterase level, and the pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio. RESULTS: The conditions of forty-three patients were diagnosed. Ten were classified as having transudates and thirty-three as exudates. The percentage of effusions misclassified by each parameter was as follows : Light's criteria, 9.3% ; pleural fluid cholesterol, 2.3% ; pleural fluid to serum cholesterol ratio, 2.3% ; pleural fluid cholinesterase, 4.7% ; and pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio, 2.3%. CONCLUSIONS: The pleural fluid to serum cholinesterase ratio is one of the accurate criteria for differentiating pleural transudates from exudates. If further studies confirm these results, the cholinesterase ratio could be used as the first step in the evaluation of pleural effusion and if evaluated together with the other criteria, the differentiation of pleural transudate from exsudates will become more accurate.
Cholesterol ; Cholinesterases* ; Diagnosis, Differential* ; Exudates and Transudates* ; Humans ; Pleura ; Pleural Effusion