Pena-Shokeir syndrome is a rare, often lethal disease, characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, craniofacial anomalies, limb ankylosis, polyhydramnios and pulmonary hypoplasia. This autosomal recessive disease should be differentiated from trisomy 18, which the second most common multiple congenital malformation syndrome. It is therefore clear that the two syndromes have certain features in common, the most consistent being craniofacial and limb abnormalities and intrathoracic pathology. Therefore, final diagnosis should be based on chromosome study. The case that we experienced had typical Pena-Shokeir phenotype, but chromosomal study show 47, XY, +18.
Ankylosis ; Diagnosis ; Extremities ; Fetal Growth Retardation ; Pathology ; Phenotype* ; Polyhydramnios ; Trisomy*

The utility of computerized tomogaphy in the study of the anatomy, and pathology of the musculoskeletal system has been the subject of considerable interest since the introduction of CT scanning. It provides an accurate and detailed cross-sectional image of normal anatomical structures and shows the relation of masses to these structures. In order to assess the utility of computed tomography, we analyzed the 92 clinical cases. We divided our experience into three major categories: spinal lesios, pelvic (including hip) lesions, and lesions of extremities. The advent of a new prototype scanning device has made it possible to exam a variety of abonormalities in the orthopedic diseases in a manner not previously possible.
Extremities ; Musculoskeletal System ; Orthopedics ; Pathology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

A case of alopecia universalis in a 45-year-old male was reported. The hair loss initiated on the eyebrows and progressed to the whole body, but the scalp hairs were well preserved. Histopathologic features of eyebrows were compatible findings with alopecia areata. This is a unique case of alopecia universalis without any involvement of scalp hairs.
Alopecia/*pathology ; Case Report ; Extremities ; Eyebrows/pathology ; Genitalia, Male ; Hair/*pathology ; Human ; Male ; Middle Age ; Scalp/*pathology ; Skin/pathology

BACKGROUNDThe protective effects of transient limb ischemia (TLI) induced by several cycles of intermittent pressure cuff inflation and deflation for a period have been widely investigated, however the reliability of this protocol has not been clearly verified. Our study aimed to investigate the reliability of pressure cuff induced TLI in conscious rabbits.

METHODSEight New Zealand rabbits were subjected to TLI without anesthesia. TLI consisted of 3 cycles of ischemia and reperfusion induced by inflating the cuff placed on the left lower limb to 200 mmHg for 5 minutes followed by deflating the cuff for 5 minutes. Skin color, pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), pulse rate (PR), plethysmogram waveform (Pleth), and ultrasound detection of the blood flow in the extremity distal to the ischemic segment were observed to confirm ischemia and reperfusion during TLI. The frequency of severe limb movement during TLI was also recorded to assess the amenability of this protocol in conscious rabbits.

RESULTSThe skin color of the extremity distal to the ischemic segment changed from bright red to dark purple after inflating the cuff to 200 mmHg, and returned to normal after cuff deflation. Pleth, PR and SpO2 disappeared during ischemia and restored during reperfusion in the monitor. Blood flow of the left posterior tibial artery was completely blocked by a pressure of 200 mmHg during ischemia, and recovered immediately after cuff deflation. The frequency of severe limb movement in supine position was higher than that in prone position (P < 0.05), but there was no severe limb movement that could result in disturbance to ischemia when the rabbits were placed in prone position.

CONCLUSIONPressure cuff inflating to 200 mmHg for 5 minutes and deflating for 5 minutes is a reliable regimen to induce TLI in conscious rabbits.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extremities ; pathology ; Ischemia ; etiology ; pathology ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; Male ; Rabbits

Aged ; Dermis ; pathology ; Disease Progression ; Extremities ; Face ; Fatal Outcome ; Humans ; Male ; Sarcoma, Myeloid ; pathology ; Skin ; pathology ; Thorax

OBJECTIVEThis review aims to illustrate the relationship between clinical features and the prognosis of patients with limb-shaking transient ischemic attack (LS-TIA).

DATA SOURCESRelevant articles published in two main Chinese medical periodical databases (China National Knowledge Infrastructure and China Science Periodical Database) from 1986 to June 2013 were identified with keywords "limb shaking" and "transient ischemic attack".

STUDY SELECTIONOriginal articles and case reports about LS-TIA were selected.

RESULTSA total of 63 cases collected from 19 articles were included in the pooled analysis. LS-TIA presented in two cerebrovascular diseases, of which atherosclerotic high-grade stenosis or occlusion in carotid artery system and moyamoya disease formed 95.2% and 4.8%, respectively. Of 63 patients, 11 (17.5%) were once misdiagnosed as epileptic and prescribed useless antiepilepsy drugs. The multivariable Logistic regression model showed a significant protective effect of patients with revascularization therapy on prognosis, compared with patients treated with drugs (odds ratio 0.20, 95% CI 0.05-0.74, P = 0.016).

CONCLUSIONSChronic carotid artery system hypoperfusion can induce limb(s) shaking, followed by high possibility of ischemic stroke in the same brain territorial. Revascularization of the responsible artery may work better than conservative drug-based therapy.

Aged ; Extremities ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Ischemic Attack, Transient ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis

Ablation Techniques ; adverse effects ; Animals ; Bone and Bones ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Extremities ; Swine

Combined Modality Therapy ; Extremities ; pathology ; Humans ; Sarcoma ; therapy ; Soft Tissue Neoplasms ; therapy

Bone Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Bone Transplantation ; Extremities ; Humans ; Limb Salvage ; Neoplasm Staging ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures

Occlusion or stenosis of subclavian artery by atherosclerosis is uncommon pathology compare to atherosclerosis of lower extremity. Most of the cases involve left subclavian artery and show vertebral-basilic ischemia and/or arm ischemia. Surgical intervention including bypass or transposition are performed to relieve the symptoms of obstruction but percutaneous intraluminal angioplasty and insertion of stent also be done with comparable results. Here we report 4 cases of symptomatic subclavian artery occlusion which have been managed by authors, and summarize all the cases reported in korean literature.
Angioplasty ; Arm ; Arteries ; Atherosclerosis ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Extremities ; Ischemia ; Lower Extremity ; Pathology ; Stents ; Subclavian Artery*