No abstract available.
Exophiala* ; Phaeohyphomycosis*

No abstract available.
Exophiala* ; Mycoses* ; Yeasts*

No abstract available.
Exophiala* ; Korea* ; Phaeohyphomycosis* ; Wrist*

Phaeohyphomycosis is a subcutaneous and systemic infection caused by dark-walled hyphae and differs from chromoblastomycosis in that it has no sclerotic cells. It commonly occurs in a immunosuppressed host. Exophiala dermatitidis, common pathogen of phaeohyphomycosis, has been commonly reported in Japan, but very rare in Korea. This report describes a case of phaeohyphomycosis due to Exophiala dermatitidis successfully treated with itraconazole.
Chromoblastomycosis ; Exophiala* ; Hyphae ; Immunocompromised Host ; Itraconazole* ; Japan ; Korea ; Phaeohyphomycosis*

We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala(E,) jeanselmei in a 66-year-old female, who showed a mild tender, 4.5x3.5cm sized, erythematous cystic mass with satellite lesions on the left forearm for 4 months. Histopathologically, suppurative granulomatous inflammation, brownish conidia in a chain and hyphae were observed. Fungal culture grew out the typical black-gray velvety colonies of E. jeanselmei after 2 weeks. The isolate grow well at 25 C, but very poorly at 37 C. No growth could be observed at 40 C. Sporulation adequate for evaluation was present on the malt extract agar. We confirmed E. jeanselmei by colony and microscopic morphology, temperature tolerance and sugar assimilation tests. The patient had been treated with itraconazole for 6 momths. Complete remission was observed.
Agar ; Aged ; Exophiala* ; Female ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Inflammation ; Itraconazole ; Phaeohyphomycosis* ; Spores, Fungal

BACKGROUND: There are three kinds of diseases caused by dematiaceous fungi: chromoblastomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and eumycotic mycetoma. The dematiaceous fungi have been identified and classified by morphological, biochemical and physiological tests. Recently molecular analysis has been introduced to the field of medical mycology. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the genetic diversity of dematiaceous fungi using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). METHODS: The dematiaceous fungal strains studied were eight clinical isolates of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis agents (3 strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, 2 strains of Exophiala dermatitidis, 1 strain of Exophiala jeanselmei, 1 strain of Phialophora verrucosa, 1 strain of Rhinocladiella aquaspersa) and 4 standard strains (F. pedrosoi IFM 4889, E. dermatitidis IFM 4828, P. verrucosa IFM 4928, R. aquaspersa IFM 4930). Total twelve strains of dematiaceous fungi were cultured on Sabouraud's dextrose broth and their DNA were extracted by bead-beating method. RESULTS: The optimal condition for PCR was template DNA 0.025 mg and annealing temperature 39 degrees C. The RAPD analysis using OPA 10 primer (5'-GTGATCGCAG-3') of Operon kit showed different patterns among dematiaceous fungi. But one clinical isolate of F. pedrosoi showed intra-specific variability. CONCLUSION: The RAPD analysis is considered a rapid and reliable method for identification and classification of dematiaceous fungi if the procedure is carefully standardized with adequate primer.
Chromoblastomycosis ; Classification ; DNA* ; Exophiala ; Fungi* ; Genetic Variation* ; Glucose ; Mycetoma ; Mycology ; Operon ; Phaeohyphomycosis ; Phialophora ; Polymerase Chain Reaction

We report a case of subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala (E.) jeanselmei in a 75-year-old female, who showed subcutaneous abscesses on the both forearms for 8 months. Histopathologically, suppurative granulomatous inflammation and short hyphae & spores were observed. Fungal culture grew out the typical black-gray velvety colonies of E. jeanselmei after 3 weeks. The isolate grew well at 25degrees C, but very poorly at 37degrees C. No growth could be observed at 40degrees C. We confirmed E. jeanselmei by colony & microscopic morphology and temperature tolerance test. The patient had been treated with fluconazole for 3 months.
Abscess ; Aged ; Exophiala* ; Female ; Fluconazole ; Forearm ; Humans ; Hyphae ; Inflammation ; Phaeohyphomycosis* ; Spores

BACKGROUND: Recently, identification of fungi have been supplemented by molecular tools, such as ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence analysis. According to these tools, morphological Exophiala species was newly introduced or redefined. OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to investigate the phylogenetics based on ribosomal ITS sequence analysis from clinical Exophiala species isolated in Korea. METHODS: The strains of Exophiala species were 4 clinical isolates of phaeohyphomycosis agents kept in the department of dermatology, Dongguk University Medical Center(DUMC), Gyeongju, Korea. The DNAs of total 5 strains of Exophiala species were extracted by bead-beating method. Polymerase chain reaction of ITS region using the primer pairs ITS1-ITS4, was done and phylogenetic tree contributed from sequences of ITS region from 5 Korean isolates including E. dermatitidis CBS 109154 and comparative related strains deposited in GenBank. RESULTS: The strains of Exophiala species were 3 strains of E. dermatitidis, 1 strain of E. jeanselmei and 1 strain of Exophiala new species. Among the 3 subtypes (type A, B, C) of E. jeanselmei, E. jeanselmei DUMC 9901 belonged to type B. Of the 2 main types of E. dermatitidis (type A, B) and 3 subtypes of E. dermatitidis type A (A0, A1 and A2), two strains (E. dermatitidis CBS 709.95, E. dermatitidis CBS 109154) belonged to A0 subtypes, 1 strain (E. dermatitidis DUMC 9902) A1 subtype, respectively. CONCLUSION: Phylogenetic analysis of ITS region sequence provided useful information not only for new species identification but for the subtyping and origin of Exophiala species.
Dermatology ; DNA ; Exophiala ; Fungi ; Korea ; Phaeohyphomycosis ; Phylogeny ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sequence Analysis ; Sprains and Strains

We present here a case of phaeornycotic subcutaneous abscess caused by Wangiella dermatitidis in a 34-year-old male, who had multiple asymptomatic subcutaneous masses of 7 months duration over the neck and right axilla. ]n this case, we could observe typical gross colony morphology of W. dermatitidis. which showed creamy greyish, yeast-like colony with aerial mycelia after 3 to 4 weeks. ]n histopathologic study, we found mixed cell granuloma and fungal structure in biopsy specimen. We comfirmed W. dermatitidis by exoantigen test, and treated the subcutaneous lesions by surgical excision and ketoconazole with good result. This case is the first reported in Korea.
Abscess* ; Adult ; Axilla ; Biopsy ; Exophiala* ; Fungal Structures ; Granuloma ; Humans ; Ketoconazole ; Korea ; Male ; Neck

BACKGROUND: Despite the increase of infections caused by dematiaceous fungi, the antifungal susceptibility of these fungi has been the little study. It is necessary to perform antifungal susceptibility testing of dematiaceous fungi. Etest (AB Biodisk, Sweden) is a rapid, easy-to-perform in-vitro antifungal susceptibility test. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the minimal inhibitory concentration (MICs) of dematiaous fungi isolated from skin lesion using Etest. METHODS: The dematiaceous fungal strains studied were nine clinical isolates of chromoblastomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis agents (3 strains of Exophiala dermatitidis, 4 strains of Fonsecaea pedrosoi, 2 strains of Exophiala jeanselmei) and two standard strains (Aspergillus flavus KCTC 6905, Aspergillus fumigatus KCTC 6145). MIC endpoints of Etest for amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole (ITZ) susceptibility were read after 72, 96, and 120 hours incubation for each isolates on RPMI 1640 agar. RESULTS: MIC of AMB was 0.125~1.0 microgram/mL on E. dermatitidis & F. pedrosoi, and 0.19~0.25 microgram/mL on E. jeanselmei. MIC of ITZ was 0.38~1.5 microgram/mL on E. dermatitidis, 0.016~0.125 microgram/mL on F. pedrosoi, and 0.064~0.25 microgram/mL on E. jeanselmei. Two strains of E. dermatitidis isolated from Korean patients with phaeohyphomycosis showed ITZ-resistant. CONCLUSION: This study showed that Etest represented a simple and efficacious method for antifungal susceptibility testing of dematiaceous fungi.
Agar ; Amphotericin B ; Aspergillus fumigatus ; Chromoblastomycosis ; Exophiala ; Fungi ; Humans ; Itraconazole ; Phaeohyphomycosis ; Skin