Sjogren syndrome is a chronic disorder characterized by immune-mediated destruction of exocrine glands predominantly but not exclusively on the lacrimal and salivary glands. The common clinical manifestations of Sjgren syndrome include xerophthalmia with secondary keratoconjunctivitis and xerostomia, with or without salivary gland enlargement. Minor salivary gland biopsy usually demonstrates heavy lymphocyte infiltration, although parotid gland biopsy may be more sensitive and specific. Rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies are high in Sjgren syndrome patients. We report a case of Sjogren syndrome with parotid gland involvement in a 44-years-old female patient with xerostomia, xerophthalmia and Rheumatic arthritis. We did total parotidectomy in right parotid gland and superficial parotidectomy for left side parotid gland was done after 20 days. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies revelead multiple periductal lymphoid proliferation and chromic inflammation, lymphoid hyperplasia in parotid glands.
Antibodies, Antinuclear ; Biopsy ; Exocrine Glands ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Inflammation ; Keratoconjunctivitis ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland* ; Rheumatic Fever ; Rheumatoid Factor ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sjogren's Syndrome* ; Xerophthalmia ; Xerostomia

Exocrine glands secrete large volumes of fluid in response to neural or hormonal stimulation. In the present studies, we examined the immunolocalization of AQP1-5 in salivary glands of rat to clarify the potential roles of these for fluid secretion. Immunohistochemistry using cryosections of rat submandibular glands revealed that AQP1 was located in the capillary endothelia between secretory gland cells. Secretory gland cells and ductal cells were not labeled with anti-AQP1, AQP2 and AQP3 were not present in either salivary gland cells, intercalated ductal cells or striated ducts. AQP4 was localized in the basolateral plasma membrane domains of the intercalated ductal cells in rat submandibular glands whereas either secretory gland cells or striated ducts were not labeled. AQP5 was abundant in the apical domains of the secretory gland cells as well as of the secretory canaliculi and intercalated ductal cells, consistent with RT-PCR analyses as well as previous data (Nielsen et al., 1997). Importantly, AQP5 labeling was associated with the apical part of the secretory gland cells, raising the possibility for trafficking of AQP5 from intracellular vesicles to the apical plasma membranes following neuronal or hormonal stimulation. In parotid and sublingual glands, the immunolabeling pattern of AQPs was identical with that seen in submandibular glands, while the AQP5 immunolabeling was sparse in the sublingual glands which is mainly composed of mucinous glands. In conclusion, the basolateral localization of AQP4 in the intercalated ductal cells and presence of AQP5 in the apical plasma membrane of secretory acinar cells, canaliculi and intercalated ductal cells of submandibular gland suggest that both AQP4 and AQP5 may provide a critical pathway for osmotic water flow into the secreted fluid.
Acinar Cells ; Animals ; Capillaries ; Cell Membrane ; Critical Pathways ; Exocrine Glands ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mucins ; Neurons ; Rats* ; Salivary Glands* ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland ; Water

Sjogren's syndrome is a hererogenous autoimmune disease characterized by progressive destruction of the exocrine glands and accompanied by a variety of autoimmune phenomena. Sjogren's syndrome patients can develop symptoms of ocular and oral dryness as well as extraglandular complications including central and peripheral nervous system disease. Sometimes neuropathy precedes the diagnosis of Sjogren's syndrome. Adiets syndrome is characterized by tonic pupil and the absence of tendon reflex. Sweating abnormality and chronic peripheral polyneuropathy can also be present. We report a case of primary Sjogren's syndrome preceded by Adie's syndrome with peripheral neuropathy. A 26-year-old woman was admitted for photophobia and paresthesia. On examination, her pupils were anisocoric and did not react to light but constricted promptly to pilocarpin. Sensation decreased on her left side of body and deep' tendon reflexes were absent. Biopsy of minor salivary gland demonstrated infiltration by lymphocyte consistent with Sjogren's syndrome, but Schirmer test was negative. So she was diagnosed as Adie's syndrome with peripheral neuropathy. Five month later she complained of dry eye and dizziness. Rose bengal staining was positive. Sjogren's syndrome was diagnosed and she was discharged with local therapy for the sicca symptoms.
Adie Syndrome* ; Adult ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Biopsy ; Diagnosis ; Dizziness ; Exocrine Glands ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; Paresthesia ; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases ; Photophobia ; Polyneuropathies ; Pupil ; Reflex, Stretch ; Rose Bengal ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sensation ; Sjogren's Syndrome* ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tonic Pupil

Multiple calcification in the major salivary glands is very rare. Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by tissue damage due to chronic lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, and the involvement of the major salivary glands is followed by typical symptoms such as multiple formation of sialolith, blockage of salivary duct, and edema of the parenchyme. When multiple calcification is found in the parenchyme of parotid gland on the computed tomography imaging, Sjogren syndrome should be considered, where the primary solution is conservative treatment and preventing recurrent inflammation.
Edema ; Exocrine Glands ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Gland Calculi* ; Salivary Glands ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease involving recessive transmission. The fundamental abnormality consists of the production of abnormal secretion from a variety of exocrine glands such as salivary and sweat glands and those of the pancreas, colon, and tracheobronchial trees. Cystic fibrosis is the most common lethal genetically transmitted disease among whites, but is uncommon in Asians, including Koreans. Although a case involving a Korean was reported in 1988, the focus was diagnosis rather than the radiological findings. In the case of cystic fibrosis we now describe, the focus is inverted: we enphasise the reported in 1988, focusing on radiologic findings.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child* ; Colon ; Cystic Fibrosis* ; Diagnosis ; Exocrine Glands ; Follow-Up Studies* ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; Humans ; Lung ; Pancreas ; Sweat Glands

Myoepithelioma is a rare tumor composed of cells that are morphologically similar to myoepithelial cells. Myoepithelial tumors usually occur in major and minor salivary glands, though have also been found in sweat and mammary glands. Myoepithelioma very rarely originates in lung parenchyma, though can arise from tracheobronchial submucosal glands. We encountered a case of myoepithelioma originating in lung parenchyma, and report the CT findings, including the pathologic characteristics of the disease.
Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Mammary Glands, Human ; Myoepithelioma* ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sweat

Primary malignant lymphomas of the salivary glands are uncommon. The parotid gland was most frequently involved, followed by the submandibular gland, minor salivary glands and sublingual gland. The most common subtype is mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. MALT lymphoma is a relatively indolent disease and tends to remain localized for prolonged period of time. But, we experienced a case of a multifocal salivary MALT lymphoma involving both parotid glands and right submandibular gland during its progression of disease. We report a case with a review of the literature.
Lymphoid Tissue ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Sublingual Gland ; Submandibular Gland

There are numerous studies on transepithelial transports in duct cells including Cl and/or HCO3. However, studies on transepithelial K transport of normal duct cells in exocrine glands are scarce. In the present study, we examined the characteristics of K currents in single duct cells isolated from guinea pig pancreas, using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Both Cl and K conductance were found with KCl rich pipette solutions. When the bath solution was changed to low Cl, reversal potentials shifted to the negative side, 75 4 mV, suggesting that this current is dominantly selective to K. We then characterized this outward rectifying K current and examined its Ca2 dependency. The K currents were activated by intracellular Ca2. 100 nM or 500 nM Ca2 in pipette significantly (P< 0.05) increased outward currents (currents were normalized, 76.8 7.9 pA, n=4 or 107.9 35.5 pA, n=6) at 100 mV membrane potential, compared to those with 0 nM Ca2 in pipette (27.8 3.7 pA, n=6). We next examined whether this K current, recorded with 100 nM Ca2 in pipette, was inhibited by various inhibitors, including Ba2, TEA and iberiotoxin. The currents were inhibited by 40.4 % (n=3), 87.0 % (n=5) and 82.5 % (n=9) by 1 mM Ba2, 5 mM TEA and 100 nM iberiotoxin, respectively. Particularly, an almost complete inhibition of the current by 100 nM iberiotoxin further confirmed that this current was activated by intracellular Ca2. The K current may play a role in secretory process, since recycling of K is critical for the initiation and sustaining of Cl or HCO3 secretion in these cells.
Animals ; Baths ; Exocrine Glands ; Guinea Pigs ; Membrane Potentials ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Recycling ; Secretory Pathway ; Tea

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst(PTC) is a rare benign neoplasm that is thought to be derived from the outer root sheath of anagen hair follicles differentiating toward the infundibular and matrical segments, sebaceous glands, apocrine glands, or acrosyringium. Clinically, it presents as a solitary elevated, lobulated mass on the scalp of elderly women. Histologically, it shows well demarcated multiple lobules of squamous epithelium. The center of the lobule undergoes abrupt keratinization without formation of keratohyalin and foci of calcification are often present in the areas of amorphous keratin. PTC can be associated with sebaceous nevus of Jadassohn, ectopic apocrine sweat glands, spindle cell carcinoma, etc. We report an unusual case of proliferating trichilemmal cyst with trichoepitheliomatous change in a young woman.
Aged ; Apocrine Glands ; Epithelium ; Female ; Hair Follicle ; Humans ; Nevus, Sebaceous of Jadassohn ; Scalp ; Sebaceous Glands ; Sweat Glands

salivary gland tumour, and is the second most common neoplasm of the salivary gland. It occurs mostly in the parotid gland and in rare instances, it has been reported to occur within the submandibular gland or minor salivary glands. In the past, there was higher incidence in males than females, but more recent investigation shows a more balanced sex predilection. The mean age at diagnosis is 62 years and this tumour is uncommon in a patients younger than age 40. This tumour occurs most frequently in the tail of the parotid gland near the angle of the mandible. Surgical removal is the treatment of choice. But sometimes, parotidectomy is recommended because of its potential for being multifocal.]]>
Adenolymphoma ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Mandible ; Parotid Gland ; Salivary Glands ; Salivary Glands, Minor ; Submandibular Gland