No abstract available.
Animals ; Exocrine Glands* ; Nitric Oxide Synthase* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animal ; Aquaporins/metabolism* ; Exocrine Glands/metabolism* ; Water/metabolism*

Multiple calcification in the major salivary glands is very rare. Sjogren's syndrome is characterized by tissue damage due to chronic lymphocyte infiltration of exocrine glands, and the involvement of the major salivary glands is followed by typical symptoms such as multiple formation of sialolith, blockage of salivary duct, and edema of the parenchyme. When multiple calcification is found in the parenchyme of parotid gland on the computed tomography imaging, Sjogren syndrome should be considered, where the primary solution is conservative treatment and preventing recurrent inflammation.
Edema ; Exocrine Glands ; Inflammation ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland* ; Salivary Ducts ; Salivary Gland Calculi* ; Salivary Glands ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

Sjogren syndrome (SS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder involving the exocrine glands, which often presents with salivary and tear gland dysfunction leading to dry mouth and eyes (sicca symptoms). This disease occurs alone as primary SS, or in the background of connective tissue diseases as secondary SS. Neurological involvement is seen in 20-25% of SS cases. Cerebral involvement is generally heterogeneous both in terms of localization (focal or diffuse) and progression (acute, progressive or reversible) and may resemble the clinical and radiological findings of multiple sclerosis (MS). Here we present the case of a patient with primary SS who experienced acute progressive diffuse MS.
Connective Tissue Diseases ; Exocrine Glands ; Humans ; Mouth ; Multiple Sclerosis* ; Sjogren's Syndrome* ; Tears

Sjogren's syndrome is a chronic,slowly progressive,autoimmune disease in which the exocrine glands are damaged by lymphocytic infiltration,resulting in xerostomia and xerophthalmia.Fever in patients with Sjogren's syndrome is rarely manifested with the exception of cases with complicated illness such as lymphoma.We experienced a 70-year-old male patient with Sjogren's syndrome who was presented with fever of unknown origin.Despite of thorough investigation,other diseases to cause fever could not be found.Fever and other clinical features were improved with empirical steroid therapy.
Aged ; Exocrine Glands ; Fever of Unknown Origin* ; Fever* ; Humans ; Male ; Sjogren's Syndrome ; Xerostomia

In silkworm moth the colleterial gland markedly enlarged due to the secretion and accumulation of glue like substances before adult emergence. However, the Ng mutant female moth only secreted little glue-like substance and laid loose eggs naturally. In the present experiment, it was extracted the proteins of secretory part of the variety E981 and its Ng mutant line and analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. More than 700 protein spots were resolved both in two samples and most of the proteins were distributed in the area from 30 kD to 70 kD and pH 4 - 8. Through the comparison and analysis, it was found that 4 proteins were only expressed in E981 and 2 proteins were only expressed in Ng mutant. Furthermore, there are about 29 proteins were expressed higher in 981 and about 15 proteins expressed volume were higher in Ng mutant. These differential proteins may be have some relations with the Ng mutant form and directly lead to the Ng mutant can't secret the glue-like substance.
Animals ; Bombyx ; metabolism ; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional ; Exocrine Glands ; chemistry ; Female ; Insect Proteins ; analysis

Sjogren's syndrome is a slowly progressive autoimmune disorder that predominantly affects major exocrine glands, and may also involve the central nervous system (CNS). It is sometimes very difficult to differentiate the CNS Sjogren's syndrome from multiple sclerosis. Here, we report two cases of Sjogren's syndrome who developed variable neurological symptoms mimicking the relapsing-remitting form of multiple sclerosis. There had been several relapses during the course of interferon-beta treatment but no relapses have occurred after steroid maintenance therapy.
Central Nervous System ; Exocrine Glands ; Interferon-beta ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting* ; Recurrence ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocyte-mediated destruction of exocrine glands, which produces classical symptoms of dry eyes and dry mouth. Aside from the clinical manifestations associated with exocrine glands, extraglandular features of SS include a major long-term concern for development of lymphoma. The lifetime risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in an SS patient is approximately 5% to 10%, 20 times higher than that of the normal population. This case report describes a rare occurrence of NHL in the eyelid and lung of an adolescent female with SS, whose disease activity had been monitored closely. This is the first reported case in Korea.
Adolescent* ; Conjunctiva ; Exocrine Glands ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung* ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin* ; Mouth ; Sjogren's Syndrome*

There are numerous studies on transepithelial transports in duct cells including Cl and/or HCO3. However, studies on transepithelial K transport of normal duct cells in exocrine glands are scarce. In the present study, we examined the characteristics of K currents in single duct cells isolated from guinea pig pancreas, using a whole-cell patch clamp technique. Both Cl and K conductance were found with KCl rich pipette solutions. When the bath solution was changed to low Cl, reversal potentials shifted to the negative side, 75 4 mV, suggesting that this current is dominantly selective to K. We then characterized this outward rectifying K current and examined its Ca2 dependency. The K currents were activated by intracellular Ca2. 100 nM or 500 nM Ca2 in pipette significantly (P< 0.05) increased outward currents (currents were normalized, 76.8 7.9 pA, n=4 or 107.9 35.5 pA, n=6) at 100 mV membrane potential, compared to those with 0 nM Ca2 in pipette (27.8 3.7 pA, n=6). We next examined whether this K current, recorded with 100 nM Ca2 in pipette, was inhibited by various inhibitors, including Ba2, TEA and iberiotoxin. The currents were inhibited by 40.4 % (n=3), 87.0 % (n=5) and 82.5 % (n=9) by 1 mM Ba2, 5 mM TEA and 100 nM iberiotoxin, respectively. Particularly, an almost complete inhibition of the current by 100 nM iberiotoxin further confirmed that this current was activated by intracellular Ca2. The K current may play a role in secretory process, since recycling of K is critical for the initiation and sustaining of Cl or HCO3 secretion in these cells.
Animals ; Baths ; Exocrine Glands ; Guinea Pigs ; Membrane Potentials ; Pancreas ; Pancreatic Ducts* ; Recycling ; Secretory Pathway ; Tea

Forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii), a rare wild medicinal animal, is listed under the category of the state key protected wildlife list of China. Musk, secreted by the musk glands, is with high economic and medicinal value and used as precious traditional medicine in China. In order to meet the needs of musk in Chinese traditional medicine, forest musk deer farming was conducted in 1950s, but the research progress on musk secretion mechanism was slow. Therefore, by reviewing the histological and anatomical structure of forest musk deer musk gland, the relationship between sex hormones and the musk secretion process, and the molecular mechanism of the musk secretion, the existing problems in investigating the musk secretion mechanism were analyzed and the development trends in this field were also discussed, in order to provide a reference for further studies on the musk secretion mechanism and improve musk production of forest musk deer.
Animals ; Deer ; metabolism ; Exocrine Glands ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; secretion ; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Male