Background: Esophageal variceal hemorrhage is the most life threatening complication of portal hypertension secondary to chronic progressive liver disease such as liver cirrhosis. Recently, endoscopic injection sclerotherapy(EIS) and endoscopic variceal ligation(EVL) have been known to be the most effective, simple and safe methods. Gastric varices are sometimes associated with esophageal varices in patients with portal hypertension. However the role of endoscopic sclerotherapy in the treatment of gastric varices has not been adequately evaluated, and the fate of coexisting gastric varices after eradication of esophageal varices is not clearly known. Methods: EIS or EVL was preformed in 174 patients with variceal hemorrhage in CHUNG-NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL from September 1990 to December 1993. Among the total 174 patients, 50 patients were followed for at least 1 year. Forty four patients were treated with EIS, and 6 witb EVL. We assesed the influence of EIS or EVL on coexisting gastric varices and the development of gastric varices after EIS or EVL in 50 patients.
Equidae ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans ; Hypertension, Portal ; Liver Cirrhosis ; Liver Diseases ; Sclerotherapy

OBJECTIVES: The evaluations of the pathogenetic roles of cell mediated immunity and of the preventive effect for disease progression with interferon(IFN) treatment in patients with chronic active hepatitis-B(CAH-B) are the objectives of this study. METHODS: Thirty-two patients with CAH-B were treated with interferon alpha-2b(IFN alpha-2b) with prednisolone withdrawal and 30 control patients were treated with conventional hepatotonics for 6 months. Peripheral total T cell fractions and T cell subsets of the patients with CAH-B, treated with IFN alpha-2b with prednisolone withdrawal, were examined 1 month before administration of prednisolone, and compared with 12 normal controls for assessing the potential role of cellular immunity in the development of CAH-B. To estimate the effectiveness of IFN therapy for the patients with CAH-B, levels of various liver function tests, HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, HBV DNA, anti-HCV and others were assessed for the treatment group and compared with control patients at pre- and post-treatment period each. RESULTS: The value of CD4 was significantly lower in patients with CAH-B than normal controls (36.3 +/- 7.7% vs 42.1 +/- 5.7%, p < 0.05) and the value of CD8 was significantly higher in patients with CAH-B than normal controls (30.6 +/- 10.3% vs 24.3 +/- 5.2%, p < 0.05) before prednisolone administration. The patients in responder group (n = 26) had significantly lower CD4 cells compared with normal controls, but non-responders (n = 6) did not have. The levels of liver function test(LFT) in the patients with IFN alpha-2b treatment with prednisolone withdrawal were not different from the control patient group at pretreatment, but significantly lower than control patient group's after treatment, regardless of response to IFN alpha-2b treatment with prednisolone withdrawal. CONCLUSIONS: The cellular immunity of the host may have a potential role in the pathogenesis of chronicity of hepatitis B infection. IFN alpha-2b treatment with prednisolone withdrawal may be regarded as one of the effective treatment modalities for the inhibition of disease progression in patients with CAH-B.
Adult ; DNA, Viral/blood ; Female ; Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood ; Hepatitis B e Antigens/blood ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/therapy* ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/physiopathology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic/immunology* ; Human ; Interferon Alfa-2b/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Middle Age ; Prednisolone/administration & dosage ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology*