No abstract available.
Euphoria* ; Stents*

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD) is important for the diagnosis and management of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported the prevalence and severity of BPSD changes. However, these studies have mainly focused on the AD patients with mild to moderate severity. Our study investigated the BPSD in AD patients with more advanced stages and looked at the prevalence and severity of BPSD with the progression of disease. METHODS: One hundred thirty six patients with probable AD received the Korean version of the neuropsychiatric inventory along with the expanded version of the Korean Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR) and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE). RESULTS: The mean K-MMSE, CDR and NPI scores were 10.1 (SD=7.1), 2.0 (SD=1.5) and 32.7 (SD=26.2), respectively. CDR and K-MMSE scores did not correlate with the total NPI score but did correlate with some of the subscale NPI scores. Apathy had the highest relationship to CDR (r=0.39, p<0.01). Aberrant motor was most correlated with the total score of NPI (r=0.65, p<0.01). The mean number of positive NPI items was 4.3, which ranged from 2.1 (CDR 5 group) to 5.4 (CDR 2 group). The most frequent symptom was apathy and the least was euphoria. The severity of BPSD increased as the dementia severity increased to CDR 2 except apathy. Night-time behavior and anxiety were frequent in the early stages whereas apathy and aberrant motor were frequent symptoms in later stages. CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that BPSD is relatively independent of cognitive functions. The prevalence and severity of BPSD with the exclusion of apathy, increased as the dementia severity increased from CDR 0.5 to CDR 2 and then declined declined except apathy.
Alzheimer Disease* ; Anxiety ; Apathy ; Dementia ; Diagnosis ; Euphoria ; Humans ; Prevalence

Human ; Female ; Young Adult ; Bulimia Nervosa ; Depression ; Eating ; Euphoria

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics of propofol abuse based on the results of a survey analysis of abusers among non-healthcare professionals in Korea. METHODS: Thirty-eight propofol abusers were questioned between October and December 2010, and were enrolled and voluntarily participated in a structured survey consisting of an interview and completing a previously prepared questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into three distinct parts: part 1 dealt with the history of propofol abuse; part 2 highlighted the problems caused by propofol abuse; and part 3 enquired regarding demographics of abusers. RESULTS: Thirty-one (81.6%) of the 38 interviewees abused propofol for more than one year. During the last 12 months, 34 (89.0%) received propofol at two or three times a week. The minimum and maximum amounts of propofol (median, range) administered each time were 500 (100, 1000) and 2000 (500, 4000) mg, respectively. Stress relief and the maintenance of a sense of well-being were quoted the most important reasons for the first-time administration of propofol and its subsequent abuse, respectively. The majority of abusers (36.0, 97.3%) reported a sense of pleasure or euphoria at the time of their propofol injection. Withdrawal symptoms occurred in five abusers (13.2%). Thirteen (36.1%) reported disruptions in their work life. None of the respondents had previously admitted to and or reported abuse of any other controlled substances. CONCLUSIONS: These results provided reference data for the regulation of propofol in Korea as a controlled substance and may also be of interest to international agencies in other countries.
Controlled Substances ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Demography ; Euphoria ; International Agencies ; Korea* ; Pleasure ; Propofol* ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

The use of steroids has long been reported many side effects. Steroid-induced mental disorder is one of many complications associated with corticosteroid therapy. Steroid psychosis is not common disease but it may be more popular due to high steroid therapy such as pulse therapy or high dose steroid therapy. Euphoria, irritability, insomnia, and hallucination are predominating symptoms. The dosage, duration of the treatment may not be correlated with the time of the onset, duration, severity, or type of mental disturbances, but the risk of developing psychosis is increased to the high dose of steroid. It is usually reversible on dose reduction or discontinuation of the drug.
Euphoria ; Hallucinations ; Mental Disorders ; Psychotic Disorders* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Steroids

We evaluate the effects of diltiazem in 19 patients with ischemic heart disease (15 patients) of classical anginal pectoris & 4 patients of variant angina) by means of clinical status & electrocardiographic changes and obtain the results as follows: 1. The pulse rate & blood pressure were decreased by diltiazem slightly but these decreases were not significant in statistical meaning. 2. Diltiazem administration of 4 weeks duration normalized EKG completely in 4 patients & partially in 3 patients among the 13 patients who showed abnormal resting EKG initially. 3. All 19 patients who received diltiazem showed clinical improvement; 9 patients had excellent responses, 7 patients good responses & 3 patients fair responses. 4. Diltiazem had side effects in 3 patients, drowsiness, mild euphoria & possibly tolerance respectively in each patients.
Angina Pectoris* ; Blood Pressure ; Diltiazem ; Electrocardiography ; Euphoria ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Sleep Stages

Diencephalic syndrome is a rare cause of failure to thrive in infancy and early childhood. The syndrome is characterized by profound emaciation with normal appetite, loss of cutaneous adipose tissue, hyperactivity, euphoria, and nystagmus. It commonly occurs in association with chiasmatic and hypothalamic gliomas. It has also been described in association with other histologic types. There is the marked increase of serum growth hormone, which may exhibit an inappropriate, even paradoxical response in stimulation test. A male infant of 12 months of age, showed markedly elevated growth hormone but he had failure to thrive findings. Evenly enhanced round mass was seen at suprasella area in brain CT. Its histological findings was "Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma", very rare histologic type. Here we report a case of diencephalic syndrome presented by failure to thrive in association with hypothalamic tumors.
Adipose Tissue ; Appetite ; Brain ; Emaciation ; Euphoria ; Failure to Thrive ; Glioma ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Hypothalamic Neoplasms ; Infant ; Male

Bipolar Disorder has been one of the leading psychiatric conditions here in the Philippines. . It is characterized by mood swings from profound depression to extreme euphoria (mania), with intervening period of normal mood (euthymia). The frequency, duration, and severity of manic and/or depressive episodes varies and is unique to each individual (Haber, 1997). In general, there are five in every 100 Filipinos who are suffering from some form of depression, and other may have a different reaction such as hyperactivity or swinging from depression to euphoria, unable to function normally, and in real danger of hurting themselves and others. Sadly, many of those with bipolar illness are left undiagnosed and, consequently, untreated. This case study presents how nurses play a role in helping patients overcome the challenges of having a psychiatric illness particularly those with Bipolar Disorder. 

The number of healthcare professionals (HCPs) abusing propofol has been steadily growing, while recreational use of propofol among the general public has become a social concern. Propofol was once believed to be unsuited for the purpose of abuse because it wears off too quickly and induces unconsciousness more frequently than euphoria. However, studies have demonstrated the abuse potential of propofol. Animal studies have shown that propofol increases dopamine levels in the mesolimbic dopamine system, which is a putative mechanism of addiction for most addictive drugs. Behavior studies, not only with animals but also with human beings, have demonstrated that administration of propofol induces conditioned rewards and reinforcement. Although the incidence of propofol abuse among HCPs seems to be lower than that of abuse of common addictive substances, multiple articles and case reports have documented cases. Easy access to the drug is closely associated with its abuse among HCPs. In addition, the pharmacologic properties of propofol, specifically its short onset and offset, is one of reasons HCPs start to abuse this drug without any serious consideration and makes propofol abuse difficult to detect. To reduce propofol abuse among HCPs, we should develop a strict pharmacy control system for limiting access to propofol. Adopting radio-frequency identification system for controlled drugs could be an effective option. However, substance dependent HCPs are quite resourceful even in obtaining controlled drugs. Therefore, a multilateral approach to stem the rising tide of propofol abuse among HCPs is needed: a combination of preventative education, early identification and intervention, aggressive treatment, and consistent rehabilitation.
Animals ; Delivery of Health Care ; Dopamine ; Euphoria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Pharmacy ; Propofol ; Reinforcement (Psychology) ; Reward ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Unconsciousness

euphoria and unstability. Patients who are not disaffected with insomnia can also be included.]]>
Bipolar Disorder ; Euphoria ; Humans ; Life Change Events ; Motivation ; Motor Activity ; Sleep Deprivation ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Surgery, Oral ; Thinking