In our search for natural soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibitors from plants, an extract of the dried whole plants of Euphorbia supina Rafin was found to significantly inhibit sEH activity in vitro. Phytochemical investigation of E. supina resulted in isolation of 17 compounds (1 - 17), including triterpenes (1 - 4), phenolic compounds (5 - 8), and flavonoid derivatives (9 - 17). The structures of the isolated compounds were established mainly by extensive analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR, and MS data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their sEH inhibitory activity. Among the isolated phenolic compounds, 8 was identified as a significant inhibitor of sEH, with an IC50 value of 15.4 +/- 1.3 microM. Additionally, a kinetic analysis of isolated compounds (2, 5, 8 - 11, 13, and 17) indicated that the inhibitory effects of flavonoid derivatives 10 and 11 were of mixed-type, with inhibitory constants (Ki) ranging from 3.6 +/- 0.8 to 21.8 +/- 1.0 microM, whereas compounds 2, 5, 8, 9, 13, and 17 were non-competitive inhibitors with inhibition Ki values ranging from 3.3 +/- 0.2 to 39.5 +/- 0.0 microM.
Euphorbia* ; Euphorbiaceae ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Phenol ; Triterpenes

Phyllanthoideae is a primitive subfamily of Euphorbiaceae in Vietnam. This subfamily consists of 9 sorts, 17 genera and 192 species. Among which 46 species (23,96%) of the total 192 species used medicinally, most of which are in the Phyllanthus (10 species), Glochidion (9 species), Antidesma (7 species)...Among these, 60.87% are trees, the rest are shrubs and herbs, but no lianas. The most parts for treatment are leaves, and then the roots, the barks, the fruits and the whole trees.
Plants, Medicinal ; Euphorbiaceae ; Biochemistry

Leaves and young stem of Macaranga triloba (Blume) Muell-Arg. were collected from protozoal forest in Bình Châu on March 2001, that were named and compared with the dried specimen at the plant museum in Ho Chi Minh City. The raw materials were dried in the shade to the humidity about 10% (5Kg). One phytoalexin, 8-methyl-7,4 dihydroxyflavan was firstly isolated from the leaves and young stem of Macaranga triloba (Blume) Muell-Arg.. Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis including 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and EIMS
Euphorbiaceae ; Plants ; Humidity

The leaf of the "Don la do" excoecaria cochinchinensis Lour Euphorbiaceae is used in traditional medicine for treating of allergy, pustule, eruption... The biological experiments have revealed: the "Don la do" extract, the crude flavonoid extract, the crude saponin extract, the leaf juice, the pure flavonoid F1 have actions on positive gram strains, and on fungi. The "Don la do" extract has not acute toxicity
Euphorbiaceae ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Medicine, Traditional

For the first time two triterpen acetate were isolated from the leaves of Croton tonkinensis. By means of FT-IR, MS, 1H and 13C-NMR had been identified as urs-12-en-3-yl acetate and 3-O-acetyl aleuritolic acid.
Euphorbiaceae ; Plants, Medicinal ; Medicine, Traditional

A new isoprenylated stilbene, flavestinK (1) together with two known isoprenylated stilbenes, flavestin B (2), flavestin G (3), and two isoprenilated flavanones, 4-O-methyl-8-isoprenylnaringenin (4) and 8-isoprenyl-5,7-dihydroxyflavanone (5) were isolated from the leaves of Macaranga recurvata Gage. All of the structures have been determined based on HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR spectral data. All of the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against three human cancer cells (HeLa, T47D and WiDr). Compound 1 showed higher activity than doxorubicin against HeLa cells with IC₅₀ value of 13.1 µg/mL.
Doxorubicin ; Euphorbiaceae ; Flavanones ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Stilbenes

OBJECTIVETo study the chemical constituents of Excoecaria acerifclia.

METHODColumn chromatography on Silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were applied for isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectrascopic analysis, chemical evidences and by comparison with the data reported in the literature.

RESULTFrom the crude EtOAc fraction of Excoecaria acerifclia F. Didr, 14 compounds were isolated and identified as 7,8-trans-4,5,9-trihydroxy-3,3',9'-trimethoxy-7-O-5',8-O-4'-neolignan (1), 7,8-trans 4,5,9,9'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-dimethoxy-7-O-5',8-O-4'-neolignan (2), malloapelin C (3), sy-ringaresinol (4), 2alpha,3beta,24-trihydroxy-12-ursen-28-oic acid (5), 11-hydroxy-3-oxo-12-ursen-28-oic acid (6), 6-hydroxy-20 (29)-lupen-3-one (7), isolupenyl acetate (8), kaempferol (9), quercetin (10), apigenin (11), catechin (12), kamepferol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (13), and catechin (6-->8) catechin (14).

CONCLUSIONSCompound 1 was new, the remained compounds were isolated and identified from E. acerifclia for the first time. Among them, compounds 5-8 are triterpenoids, while the other compounds are phenylpropanoids.

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for analyzing the content of total polyphenols in leaves of Jatropha curcas. L.

METHODSGallic acid was used as reference substance, the content of total polyphenols was analyzed Folin-Ciocalteu chromatometry.

RESULTSThere was a good linearity for gallic acid in the range of 0.002-0.010 g.L(-1). The content of total polyphenols in the leaves of Jatropha curcas. L was approximately 6.74% with RSD 0.75%. The sample solution was stable during 10-90 min with RSD 0.28%. The precision RSD was 0.23% and the average recovery 99.85% (n=5).

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple, fast and reproducible.

BACKGROUND: Osteoclasts are differentiated from monocytes/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) ligand (RANKL). Croton pycnanthus Benth. (CPB) is a herbal plant that belongs to Euphorbiaceae family. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CPB on osteoclastogenesis and RANKL-dependent signaling pathways. METHODS: Methanol extract of CPB was obtained from International Biological Material Research Center. Osteoclast differentiation was achieved by culturing mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) with M-CSF and RANKL. Osteoclast numbers were evaluated by counting multinuclear cells positive for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). mRNA and protein levels were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The activation of signaling molecules were assessed after acute stimulation of cells with high dose of RANKL by Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies. RESULTS: CPB reduced the generation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. The induction of the expression of c-Fos, nuclear factor-activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and dendritic cell-specific transmembrane protein (DC-STAMP) by RANKL was also suppressed. CONCLUSIONS: CPB exerts negative effects on osteoclast differentiation in response to the RANKL. The inhibitory mechanism involves the suppression of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and subsequently the down-regulation of c-Fos and NFATc1 transcription factors.
Acid Phosphatase ; Animals ; Antibodies, Phospho-Specific ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Differentiation ; Colony-Stimulating Factors ; Croton* ; Down-Regulation ; Euphorbiaceae ; Humans ; Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Macrophages ; Methanol* ; Mice ; NF-kappa B* ; NFATC Transcription Factors ; Osteoclasts* ; Plants ; Protein Kinases ; RANK Ligand ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-kappa B ; RNA, Messenger ; T-Lymphocytes

In a search for novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural resources, we found that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from the 80% ethanol extract of the leaves of Homonoia riparia has a considerable inhibitory effect on advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Bioassay-guided isolation of this fraction resulted in identification of 15 phenolic compounds (1 – 15). These compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against the formation of AGE. The majority of tested compounds, excluding ethyl gallate (15), markedly inhibited AGE formation, with IC₅₀ values of 2.2 – 89.9 µM, compared with that of the positive control, aminoguanidine (IC₅₀ = 962.3 µM). In addition, the effects of active isolates on the dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels induced by high glucose (HG) in larval zebrafish was investigated; (–)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (6), corilagin (7), and desmanthine-2 (11) significantly decreased HG-induced dilation of hyaloid–retinal vessels compared with the HG-treated control group.
Diabetes Complications ; Ethanol ; Euphorbiaceae ; Glucose ; In Vitro Techniques ; Natural Resources ; Phenol* ; Zebrafish