No abstract available.
Euonymus*

No abstract available.
Doxorubicin* ; Euonymus*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Euonymus* ; Mice*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Euonymus* ; Liver* ; Mice*

Dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoids possess chemical diversity and biodiversity. A dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoid with only hydroxyl groups has been prepared by basic hydrolysis of crude extract of Euonymus bungeanus with 0.4% yield. Twelve derivatives were available in esterification, oxidation, decarboxylation, etc. Extensive ~1H-NMR,~(13)C-NMR, MS spectroscopic analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis with Cu Kα radiation indicated that eleven derivatives were new compounds. The results will provide reference for chemistry study on natural product derivatives of dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoids.
Biological Products ; Euonymus ; Molecular Structure ; Sesquiterpenes

Anti-inflammatory effects of dihydrobenzofuran neolignans isolated from Euonymus alatus leaves and twigs were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Six neolignans, (+)- simulanol (1), (+)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (2), (-)-simulanol (3), (-)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4), (+)-dihydrodehyrodiconiferyl alcohol (5), threo-buddlenol B (6) effectively inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) induced by LPS, and the activity of iNOS. (-)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4), which showed the most potent inhibitory activity, attenuated the activity of iNOS enzyme and also the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. The subsequent production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α and prostaglandin E2 were also inhibited by the pretreatment of RAW264.7 cells with (-)-dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol (4). These neolignans are thought to contribute to anti-inflammatory effects of E. alatus, and expected to be potential candidates to prevent/treat inflammation-related diseases.
Cytokines ; Dinoprostone ; Euonymus* ; Interleukin-6 ; Lignans* ; Macrophages* ; Necrosis ; Nitric Oxide ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II

(1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR assignments of 12-oleanene-3,11-dione (compound 1) were completely described for the first time through conventional 1D NMR and 2D shift-correlated NMR experiments using (1)H-(1)HCOSY, HMQC, HMBC techniques. Based on its NMR data, the assignments of 28-hydroxyolean-12-ene-3,11-dione (compound 2) were partially revised.
Euonymus ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Conformation ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; chemistry ; Triterpenes ; analysis ; chemistry

To investigate the chemical compounds from the twigs of Euonymus alatus, nine compounds were isolated and identified as(+)-delta(2,11)-enaminousnic acid(1), 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid(2), acetyl 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid(3), camaldulenic acid(4), betulinic acid(5), 6beta-hydroxy-stigmast-4-en-3-one(6), 5-hydroxy-6,7-dimethoxyflavone(7), ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate(8), 4,4'-dimethoxy-1,1'-biphenyl(9). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Among them, compound 1 was a new natural product. Compounds 2-4 and 7-9 were obtained from the Euonymus genus for the first time. In vitro study showed that compounds 2 and 3 showed significant anti-tumor activities to BEL-7402 and HCT-8 at the concentration of 10 mg x L(-1). The inhibition rate of compound 2 was 61.78% and 68.29%, whereas the inhibition rate of compound 3 had reached to 70.91% and 84.07%.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo establish a HPLC method to determine the content of aromadendrin in Euonymus alatus.

METHODKromasil 100-5C18 column was used with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.3% glacial acetic acid (24:76) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). The detection wavelength was 292 nm and the temperature of column was 30 degrees C.

RESULTThe calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.051-2.04 microg for aromadendrin. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curve was 0.999 9. Twenty batches of the crude E. alatus purchased from different areas were determined and the contents of aromadendrin in the twigs of E. alatus were fluctuated from 0.001 57% to 0.041 6%.

CONCLUSIONThis method is simple, repeatable and can be used for determination of aromadendrin.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry

The major goal in the treatment of diabetes mellitus is to achieve near-normal glycemic control. To optimize both fasting blood glucose and postprandial glucose levels is important in keeping blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. alpha-Glucosidase is the enzyme that digests dietary carbohydrate, and inhibition of this enzyme could suppress postprandial hyperglycemia. The purpose of this study was to test the inhibitory activity of methanol extract of Euonymus alatus on alpha-glucosidase in vitro and in vivo to evaluate its possible use as an anti-diabetic agent. Yeast alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities of methanol extract of E. alatus were measured at concentrations of 0.50, 0.25, 0.10, and 0.05 mg/ml. The ability of E. alatus to lower postprandial glucose was studied in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. A starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without E. alatus extract (500 mg/kg) was administered to diabetic rats by gastric intubation after an overnight fast. Plasma glucose levels were measured at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min. Plasma glucose levels were expressed in increments from baseline, and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. Extract of E. alatus,which had an IC50 value of 0.272 mg/ml, inhibited yeast alpha-glucosidase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. A single oral dose of E. alatus extract significantly inhibited increases in blood glucose levels at 60 and 90 min (p<0.05) and significantly decreased incremental response areas under the glycemic response curve (p<0.05). These results suggest that E. alatus has an antihyperglycemic effect by inhibiting alpha-glucosidase activity in this animal model of diabetes mellitus.
alpha-Glucosidases* ; Animals ; Blood Glucose ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Dietary Carbohydrates ; Euonymus* ; Fasting ; Glucose ; Hyperglycemia ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Intubation ; Methanol ; Models, Animal ; Rats ; Starch ; Yeasts