Purpose: This study aimed to identify the modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration among healthy mothers and their use of breastfeeding information resources. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community setting. Four hundreds participants were recruited at five pediatric clinics and three community health centers located in Paju-si and Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, between January and May 2019. Based on the breastfeeding decision-making model, driven by Martens and Young’s work, the survey items consisted of demographics, childbirth and breastfeeding characteristics, and breastfeeding information resources. In the analysis, 389 responses were used in the t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Information resource networks were compared before and after childbirth including a subgroup analysis depending on the breastfeeding duration. Results: The modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration were antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education and the provision of information in the hospital.The frequency of Internet use and websites visited were notable and potentially modifiable factors, which were also observed in the networks showing different relationship patterns according to participant subgroups and times. The childbirth event increased the centralization of the network in the planned group, while the network of the non-planned group was more diffused after childbirth. The network of the short-term breastfeeding group was characterized by a more centralized pattern and the resources of high betweenness centrality than the long-term group. Conclusion Breastfeeding education is a consistent factor that affects breastfeeding behavior. A well-designed internet-based approach would be an effective nursing intervention to meet the needs of women seeking breastfeeding information and changing their behaviors.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration among healthy mothers and their use of breastfeeding information resources. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community setting. Four hundreds participants were recruited at five pediatric clinics and three community health centers located in Paju-si and Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, between January and May 2019. Based on the breastfeeding decision-making model, driven by Martens and Young’s work, the survey items consisted of demographics, childbirth and breastfeeding characteristics, and breastfeeding information resources. In the analysis, 389 responses were used in the t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Information resource networks were compared before and after childbirth including a subgroup analysis depending on the breastfeeding duration. Results: The modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration were antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education and the provision of information in the hospital.The frequency of Internet use and websites visited were notable and potentially modifiable factors, which were also observed in the networks showing different relationship patterns according to participant subgroups and times. The childbirth event increased the centralization of the network in the planned group, while the network of the non-planned group was more diffused after childbirth. The network of the short-term breastfeeding group was characterized by a more centralized pattern and the resources of high betweenness centrality than the long-term group. Conclusion Breastfeeding education is a consistent factor that affects breastfeeding behavior. A well-designed internet-based approach would be an effective nursing intervention to meet the needs of women seeking breastfeeding information and changing their behaviors.

PURPOSE: This study was a descriptive research to investigate the factors influencing nurses' turnover intention of Senior Convalescence hospitals in the metropolitan area. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. A questionnaire was distributed to the nurses in Senior Convalescence hospitals. The data of 210 nurses were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. RESULTS: Turnover intention was significantly correlated with professionalism, job involvement, organizational commitment, job stress, practice environment. Organizational commitment, job stress, age, and practice environment were identified as factors influencing turnover intention. These factors explained 53.3% of variance of turnover intention. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that strategies to decrease turnover intention should be discussed and continued to develop ways to establish organizational commitment, to lower job stress levels and to improve practice environment of nursing work. And further study is needed to identify the key mechanism in nurses' turnover intention of Senior Convalescence hospitals.
Convalescence* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Intention* ; Nursing ; Professionalism

PURPOSE: This study investigated trends in family nursing intervention studies and evaluated the quality of studies using the RCT design. METHODS: This study included a total of 898 abstracts published from 1977 to 2007 in order to describe trends in family nursing intervention studies. Out of 898 studies, 153 RCT studies were selected for quality evaluation. The criteria of Jadad et al. (1996) were employed for the quality evaluation. RESULTS: The number of RCT studies on family nursing interventions increased since 2001. Only 6.8% of the studies were published in the area of nursing. Most of the family interventions (27.1%) focused on individual family members and only 8.2% of the studies provided interventions to family as a whole unit. Nine different modes of family nursing intervention could be categorized, but none of the studies used the double blind design. Few studies utilized protocols for interventions. Only 17.5% of the studies reported the rationale for sample size. The mean score was 1.6 out of 5 according to the criteria of Jadad et al. (1996). CONCLUSION: Refined definitions and attributes of family nursing intervention modes are needed. Most of the studies did not meet the expectations of RCT. Thus, it is needed to improve the quality of design. More RCT studies should be conducted to provide evidence-based practice of family nursing interventions.
Evidence-Based Practice ; Family Nursing* ; Humans ; Clinical Trial ; Korea ; Nursing ; Sample Size

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to propose directions for the development of Occupational Health Nursing Intervention by identifying the current status and quality of Occupational Health Nursing Intervention Research in domestic industries. METHODS: Between 2000 and August of 2018, total of 1,181 Occupational Health Nursing related published references were searched using 4 domestic databases, and of the total, 29 final theses that suited the requirements were analysed In this research, the quality assessment of literature that were selected as suitable was conducted using a tool for assessing the biasing risk of non-randomized studies, RoBANS(Risk of Biasing Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Study). RESULTS: For all research, nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was the most used as quasi-experimental designs. The effectiveness of intervention was found both in terms of physical and psychological aspects, and the result of the risk of biasing assessment showed a high risk levels in both “confounding variables” and “detection bias”. CONCLUSION: Occupational Health Nursing Intervention have been steadily making improvements in terms of both quality and quantity, and as for more effective intervention developments that improves the physical and mental health of the workers, supplementation in strict research design and in ethical aspects deems necessary.
Bias (Epidemiology) ; Korea ; Mental Health ; Nursing ; Occupational Health Nursing ; Occupational Health ; Research Design

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to propose directions for the development of Occupational Health Nursing Intervention by identifying the current status and quality of Occupational Health Nursing Intervention Research in domestic industries. METHODS: Between 2000 and August of 2018, total of 1,181 Occupational Health Nursing related published references were searched using 4 domestic databases, and of the total, 29 final theses that suited the requirements were analysed In this research, the quality assessment of literature that were selected as suitable was conducted using a tool for assessing the biasing risk of non-randomized studies, RoBANS(Risk of Biasing Assessment Tool for Non-randomized Study). RESULTS: For all research, nonequivalent control group pre-posttest design was the most used as quasi-experimental designs. The effectiveness of intervention was found both in terms of physical and psychological aspects, and the result of the risk of biasing assessment showed a high risk levels in both “confounding variables” and “detection bias”. CONCLUSION Occupational Health Nursing Intervention have been steadily making improvements in terms of both quality and quantity, and as for more effective intervention developments that improves the physical and mental health of the workers, supplementation in strict research design and in ethical aspects deems necessary.

BACKGROUND: The visceral fat obesity is known to be associated with coronary artery disease. We investigated the relation between visceral fat obesity and the severity of coronary artery disease by angiography. METHODS: The coronary artery disease (CAD) group included 54 angina patients (43 men and 11 women) with angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. The control group included angiographically normal 28 controls (15 men and 13 women). The subjects with hypertension, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and taking any medication known to affect the insulin sensitivity were excluded. We measured the visceral fat area, abdominal subcutaneous fat area, thigh muscle area and the thigh fat area with computed tomography (CT) in both groups. We measured the plasma lipid profile, fasting plasma insulin and glucose level in both groups. RESULTS: There were no differences in the age, sex ratio and body mass index (BMI) between both groups. Total cholesterol and triglyceride increased in CAD group significantly (p<0.05, p<0.001). The HDL cholesterol decreased in CAD group. But there was no statistical significance (p=0.056). The fasting insulin increased in CAD group significantly (p<0.001). There were significant differences between CAD group and the control group in the visceral fat area (117.8+/-34.4 cm2vs. 85.5+/-17.6 cm2, p<0.001), thigh fat area (50.0+/-22.3 cm2vs. 65.8+/-12.9 cm2, p<0.001), visceral fat to abdominal subcutaneous fat area ratio (VS ratio:0.81+/-0.31 vs. 0.51+/-0.15, p<0.001) and the visceral fat to thigh fat area ratio (VSFTF ratio:2.72+/-1.24 vs. 1.34+/-0.35, p<0.001). In the male subgroup (CAD:43, control:15), triglyceride and fasting insulin increased in CAD group significantly (p<0.001). The visceral fat area, VS ratio, and VSFTF ratio increased in CAD group significantly (P<0.001) The thigh fat area decreased in CAD group significantly (P<0.001). In the female subgroup (CAD:11, control:13), fasting insulin and visceral fat area increased in CAD group significantly (p<0.001, p<0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that VSFTF ratio, fasting insulin and the HDL cholesterol were independent associated factors of coronary artery disease. In comparison with normal control, one-vessel disease and multi-vessel disease (two vessel and three vessel), there were significant differences between groups in fasting insulin, triglyceride, visceral fat area, thigh fat area, VS ratio, VSFTF ratio. In Turkey's HSD Post Hoc test, however, there were no significant differences between one-vessel disease and multi-vessel disease. CONCLUSION: We observed significant increases in the visceral fat area, VS ratio and VSFTF ratio and decrease in thigh fat area in angiographically demonstrated CAD group compared with age, BMI matched angiographically normal control. But we did not observed any relation between the visceral fat area and the severity of coronary disease by angiography.
Angiography ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Disease ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Insulin ; Insulin Resistance ; Intra-Abdominal Fat* ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Obesity* ; Plasma ; Sex Ratio ; Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal ; Thigh ; Triglycerides

PURPOSE: This study investigated the mediating effects of loneliness and depression on the relationship between adult attachment and smartphone addiction in university students. METHODS: A total of 200 university students participated in this study. The data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and structural equation modeling. RESULTS: There were significant positive relationships between attachment anxiety, loneliness, depression, and smartphone addiction. However, attachment anxiety was not significantly correlated with smartphone addiction. The results also showed that loneliness did not directly mediate between attachment anxiety and smartphone addiction. In addition, loneliness and depression serially mediated between attachment anxiety and smartphone addiction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest there are mediating effects of loneliness and depression in the relationship between attachment anxiety and smartphone addiction. The hypothesized model was found to be a suitable model for predicting smartphone addiction among university students. Future study is required to find a causal path to prevent smartphone addiction among university students.
Adult* ; Anxiety ; Depression* ; Family Relations ; Humans ; Loneliness* ; Negotiating* ; Smartphone*

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate senior baccalaureate nursing students’ knowledge and visual differentiation ability for the pressure injury classification system (PICS) and incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD). Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a paper-based questionnaire with 120 senior baccalaureate nursing students in South Korea. Data were collected using a knowledge test (KT) and a visual differentiation tool (VDT) based on 21 photographs with clinical information related to PICS and IAD. Results: Students had relatively high KT scores (62.6%), and low VDT scores (35.6%). Critical issues in this study were nursing students’ lack of an adequate visual differentiation ability to accurately assess the stage of pressure injury and IAD and their higher level of confusion in identifying unstageable, deep tissue injuries, and IAD compared to stage 1-4 injuries. Satisfaction with education (r=.20, p<.05) and exposure to various teaching methods (r=.21, p<.05) exhibited significant correlations with higher VDT scores. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that increasing students’ satisfaction with their education and applying various teaching methods can contribute to the improvement of visual differentiation ability in PICS.

BACKGROUND: Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) and CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) have emerged as potential biomarkers in various human cancers. The aims of this study were to investigate the clinical characteristics of anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) patients according to the TAM numbers in the tumor tissue, and to evaluate the associations between CXCR4 expressions and macrophage densities in ATC tumor microenvironment. METHODS: Total 14 ATC samples from thyroid tissue microarray were used. Immunohistochemical staining was performed using anti-CD163 and anti-CXCR4 antibodies. According to the immunoreactivity of CD163, all subjects were divided into two groups: low-CD163 (n=8) and high-CD163 (n=6) groups. RESULTS: The mean diagnostic age was 65±7 years and the median tumor size was 4.3 cm, ranging 2.5 to 15 cm. Clinicopathological characteristics were not significantly different between low-CD163 and high-CD163 groups, while age of diagnosis was younger in high-CD163 group than that of low-CD163 group with marginal significance (56.9±5.5 years vs. 67.5±6.8 years, P=0.09). However, overall survival was significantly reduced in high-CD163 group (5.5 months [range, 1 to 10]) compared with low-CD163 groups (8.8 months [range, 6 to 121); log-rank test, P=0.0443). Moreover, high-CD163 group showed strong CXCR4 expressions in both cancer and stromal compartments, while low-CD163 group showed relatively weak, stromal-dominant CXCR4 expressions. Additionally, CD163 and CXCR4 expressions showed a strong positive correlation (γ²=0.432, P=0.013). CONCLUSION: Increased number of TAMs showed poor overall survival in ATC, suggesting TAMs are potentially a prognostic biomarker for ATC. CXCR4 expression was significantly correlated with CD163-positive TAM densities, which suggest the possible role of CXCR4 in TAM recruitments.
Antibodies ; Biomarkers ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Macrophages* ; Receptors, CXCR* ; Receptors, CXCR4* ; Thyroid Carcinoma, Anaplastic* ; Thyroid Gland ; Tumor Microenvironment