The circadian rhythms have been gradually important in psychiatric field. Several studies have shown that major psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, and dementia, were highly associated with the abnormalities of circadian rhythms. Circadian rhythms might have an influence on the pathogenesis and prognosis of psychiatric disorders. Understanding the impact of circadian rhythms on psychiatric disorders became crucial to psychiatrists. Therefore, this review investigated the types of the circadian rhythms to be used in psychiatric field. The measurement of circadian rhythms were performed by several ways, such as sleep diary, self-reported scales, heart rate, heart rate variability, polysomnography, electroencephalography, actigraphy, melatonin, cortisol. Using these data related to circadian rhythms might be utilized to evaluate the relevance of the pathogenesis in psychiatric disorders and predict the treatment response and prognosis of illness. Furthermore, if the real-time monitoring of circadian rhythms is possible, the novel diagnostic and therapeutic model using circadian rhythms could be applied in psychiatric area.

No abstract available.
Biomarkers ; Chronic Pain ; Immune System

No abstract available.
Anesthesia* ; Education, Medical*

In the field of psychiatry, studies on circadian rhythms are increasing. This research trend is based on the emerging evidence on the relationship between circadian rhythm and pathophysiology and prognosis of psychiatric disorders.As performing the research on this area, the difficulty in analyzing large amount of data that are sequentially collected according to time change exists. In order to properly analyze the data in research on the circadian rhythm, it is necessary to effectively apply analysis methods of time series data. Therefore, this review aimed to summarize the analysis methods of circadian rhythms that show time series data. Understanding the analysis method of circadian rhythm will be useful for utilizing clinical data in the form of a time series data in the smart medical field in the future.

The purpose of this study is to present a legal system in which information is actively collected and utilized to monitor the location and health of self-quarantined persons through IT, to identify loopholes in the law and regulatory system in view of data protection and utilization, and to propose a legislative solution for those loopholes. In Korea, the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act (“the Prevention Act”) regulates all matters related to the prevention and management of infectious diseases, including the use of information on self-quarantine apps. Article 42(2) of the Prevention Act states that local governments are authorized to collect the location and health information of a quarantined citizen; however, the law does not elaborate on how this information can be used and what other information can be used in combination with the collected information. Thus, the Personal Information Protection Act (“the Protection Act”), as a general privacy law, is applied supplementarily. However, since the Protection Act is very general and does not have accumulated cases, there is uncertainty about how governments can utilize the collected information. Therefore, it is necessary to consider a legislative solution that includes a direct and clear basis for the use of personal information collected under the Prevention Act in consideration of Korean privacy regulations.

OBJECTIVE: To translate the English Qualiveen questionnaire which was developed to measure the specific impact of urinary problems on the quality of life of patients with neurogenic bladder into Korean and validate it. METHOD: First, we made the Korean version Qualiveen questionnaire through translation and cross-cultural adaptation followed by the international guideline. This process consisted of 6 steps including translation, reconciliation, back translation into English and debriefing. And then to assess the reliability and construct validity of the questionnaire, 32 patients with neurogenic bladder conducted the Korean Qualiveen questionnaire twice at an interval between three and four weeks. RESULTS: We translated and arbitrated a total of 151 questions. In step of the backward translation, we went through discussion and corrected 12 questions. We found out that 7 questions delivered inaccurate meanings or were unhandy items such as method of writing age or date in debriefing process. A reliability study revealed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficients above 0.7 for all domains) and test-retest reliability (Pearson's coefficient range from 0.524 to 0.837). The sub-domain strongly correlated with each other (Pearson's coefficient range from 0.625 to 0.936) in the construct validity study. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of the Qualiveen Questionnaire was successfully translated and validated.
Humans ; Linguistics ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Writing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of nursing students' belongingness and self-esteem on self-directed learning in clinical practice. METHODS: The participants were 163 senior nursing students. Using a structured-questionnaire, data were collected from September to October 2016. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Self-directed learning in clinical practice had statistically significant correlation with belongingness (r=.47, p<.001) and self-esteem (r=.52, p<.001). Factors affecting self-directed learning were self-esteem (β=.38, p<.001), belongingness (β=.30, p<.001), and more than 5 members of clinical practice (β=.15, p=.017). These three variables explained 35% of self-directed learning. CONCLUSION: In order to enhance self-directed learning in clinical practice of nursing students, nursing schools should provide training to increase self-esteem in nursing students. In addition, an appropriate number of students should be considered, so that they can have a well-developed sense of belonging to clinical practice.
Humans ; Learning ; Linear Models ; Nursing ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing

Objective: Optimism, social support, and spirituality can be important factors related to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) stress. However, studies investigating the influence and interplay of optimism, social support, and spirituality on COVID-19 simultaneously are still few. This study is aimed to explore the influence of optimism, social support, and spirituality on COVID-19 stress in the Christian church community. Methods: A total 350 participants were included in this study. This study was cross-sectionally conducted by using an online survey on optimism, social support, spirituality, and COVID-19 stress that were measured by the Life Orientation Test-Revised (LOT-R), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Scale (MSPSS), Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS), and COVID-19 Stress Scale for Korean People (CSSK). The prediction models for COVID-19 stress were analyzed by using univariate and multiple linear regression. Results: Based on the results of univariate linear regression, subjective feelings on income (p<0.001) and health status (p<0.001), LOTR (p<0.001), MSPSS (p=0.025), and SWBS (p<0.001) scores were significantly associated with COVID-19 stress. The multiple linear regression model with subjective feelings on income and health status and SWSB score was significant (p<0.001) and explained 17.7% of the variance (R2=0.177). Conclusion This study showed that subjective feeling on low income, those who had poor health status, lower optimism, lower perceived social support, and lower spirituality were significantly affected with COVID-19 stress. Especially, the model with subjective feelings on income and health status, and spirituality showed highly significant effects, despite the interaction with associated factors. To cope with unpredictable stressful situations like the COVID-19 pandemic, integrated interventions on psycho-socio-spiritual aspect are warranted.