PURPOSE: This study was to compare social support and depression by gender, to investigate related factors, and to inquire effect of social support on depression by gender. METHODS: This study analyzed raw data from a project funded by Jeju Province. The data were collected through home visit interview from 750 households which were selected by using randomized cluster sampling method. CES-D and MOS SSS were used for measuring depression and social support. Data obtained from 896 adults were analyzed using t-test, chi2 test and hierarchical regression. RESULTS: There was no significant difference of depression prevalence, presenting 15.2% for men and 14.5% for women. The related factors were marital status, educational level, and socioeconomic status for men and only socioeconomic status for women. The result of hierarchical regression presented that social support was significant on depression, showing increase of R2 from .151 to .328 when adding social support to other variables for men, increase of R2 from .058 to .192 for women. CONCLUSION: The social support was an influential factor on depression both men and women, the development of strategies considering risk population by gender for enhancing social support to prevent and to manage depression was suggested.
Adult ; Depression ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Financial Management ; House Calls ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Prevalence ; Social Class

PURPOSE: The purpose of this paper was to investigate community health status and related factors using community health and social indicators. METHOD: Data sources were reviewed and data for 10 categories, 75 indicators were collected. Community health status and health-related factors were categorized, and the means and standard deviation of individual indicators were obtained and standardized scores were calculated. In addition, through factor analysis of individual indicators by category using the scores and using the resultant factor coefficients as weights, indexes were calculated by area. Correlation and regression were analyzed. RESULT: Each indicator was highly correlated with each index, and the indexes were highly correlated with one another. Correlation coefficients were above 0.8 between community health index and population, education, housing, and economy, between population and education, housing and economy, between education and housing and economy, and between housing and economy, environment and industry. But multicollinearity was not found in the result. Significant factors on community health index were population, health personnel and facilities, education, housing and economy, and R-square were 92.4%. CONCLUSION: Health determinants such as population, health personnel and facilities, education, housing and economy could be influencing factors on community health in community level. These results showed the importance of intersectoral collaboration within a local government. Overall community health can be enhanced by intersectoral collaboration.
Cooperative Behavior ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; Education ; Health Personnel ; Housing ; Humans ; Local Government ; Weights and Measures

OBJECTIVES: We searched and reviewed the literature including the laws or acts, statistics, guidelines, papers and conference proceedings related to home visit nursing care in South Korea. METHOD: We searched and reviewed the literature including the laws or acts, statistics, guidelines, papers and conference proceedings related to home visit nursing care in Korea. RESULTS: There are three types of home care nursing in Korea. Public health center provides home visit nursing to vulnerable population by registered nurses for free, based on community health act in public health center. As of 2017, 1,261,208 people were enrolled in the visiting health program of public health center. Health behavior and disease management has been improved and showed having cost-benefit effect among the enrolled people in visiting health program. Visiting nursing care in long-term care services is provided by registered nurses or nurse aid, based on long-term care act. The cost is paid as the unit price according to service time. 1,095,764 older people used long-term care services in 2017, only 0.2% of total cost used for home visiting nursing. Even though the number of user of home visiting nursing, it was reported that users spent less medical cost and hospitalized shorter. Hospital-based home care nursing is provided to patients and their families under the prescription of a doctor by family nurse specialists who are employed by medical institute based on medical law. Four hundred sixty family nurse specialists worked for hospital-based home care nursing and hospital-based home care services accounted for 0.038% of total medical expenses in 2017. CONCLUSION: Even though home visit nursing care services are different in aspect of legal basis, personnel, running institutes, and cost basis, home visit nursing care showed cost-benefit effect and good health outcomes. In order to advance home visit nursing care, the integrated home visiting care, improvement of working condition, and revision of legal basis should be considered.
Academies and Institutes ; Disease Management ; Health Behavior ; Home Care Services ; Home Care Services, Hospital-Based ; House Calls ; Humans ; Jurisprudence ; Korea ; Long-Term Care ; Methods ; Nurses ; Nursing Care ; Nursing ; Prescriptions ; Public Health ; Running ; Specialization ; Vulnerable Populations

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the prevalence of suicide ideation and its the related factors by gender among Korean adults. METHODS: National cross-sectional data from the database of the first and second year of 5th Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES V-1, V-2) were used for this study. 13,165 adults (> or =20 years) were included in this analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of suicide ideation was 9.8% for men, 18.9% for women. Renal failure, depression, melancholy, stress, perceived health status, and smoking were significant risk factors among both men and women for suicide ideation. Divorced, separated or widowed of marital status and severe physical activity were related factors of suicide ideation for men. Low educational attainment, and alcohol dependency were associated factors of suicide ideation for women. CONCLUSIONS: There was gender difference of prevalence and risk factors of suicide ideation. These gender differences should be considered for planning and implementing suicide prevention program.
Adult* ; Depression ; Divorce ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marital Status ; Motor Activity ; Prevalence ; Renal Insufficiency ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicide* ; Widowhood

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare depression and social support according to general characteristics and to investigate the influence of social support on depression. METHODS: This study analyzed raw data from a project funded by Jeju Province. Data were collected through home visit interview with 750 households selected by using a randomized cluster sampling method. CES-D was used to measure depression, and the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey was used to measure social support. The data of 1,155 subjects were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, and regression. RESULTS: The mean was 11.35 for depression and 75.53 for social support. Women showed a higher depression score and a lower social support score than men did. Older people; the divorced or the bereaved; and those in groups comprising people with lower education, lower social class, poor health, or high stress presented higher depression and lower social support. The result of stepwise regression showed that social support was one of the predictive variables of depression, and 22% of variance was explained by social support in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Social support was a powerful predictive variable of depression, and it was suggested that to prevent and manage depression, strategies that enhance social support should be developed and evaluated.
Adult ; Depression ; Divorce ; Family Characteristics ; Female ; Financial Management ; House Calls ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea ; Social Class

Objectives: The purpose of this research was to explore Fall Risk Home Environment(FRHE) and to investigate the association between FRHE and fall experience among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The data were collected from 299 older adults using FRHE through observation and interview at home of the participants and were analyzed with SPSS 22.0 applying descriptive statistics, χ 2 -test, t-test, and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of fall experience during the past year was 51.5%. ‘No handles beside the toilet or bathtub’(73.2%) was most common FRHE factor, ‘thresholds in your room or kitchen’(68.9%), ‘wearing socks, outer socks, or slipper when you move in the house’(59.5%), and threshold on the gate (apartment entrance)(55.5%) were followed. The findings of logistic regression of FRHE on fall experiences showed darkness of house had the highest Odds Ratio (OR 9.83 95% CI 3.75-25.71), followed by furniture obstructs your walking in the house(OR 7.07, CI 2.88-17.36), dark kitchen (OR 5.13, CI 2.38-11.03). The group having fall experiences presented significantly higher score of FRHE than the group of non experiences of fall. Conclusion The community dwelling older adults exposures to various FRHE factors and FRHE might increase the risk of falls. Assessing and modifying the home environment could be a good strategy to prevent fall among older adults.

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between sleep duration and hypertension in Korean adults. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed using data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010. Of the respondents, 5,450 adults over 30 years were included in this analysis. Logistic regression analysis was applied using SAS 9.2. RESULTS: Among Korean adults, the prevalence of hypertension was 28.9% and the mean duration of sleep per night was 6.8 hours. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension was 2.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.73-2.69) among adults who slept over 6 hours per night compared to those who slept 8 hours per night. After adjusting for risk factors of hypertension including age, gender, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors (smoking, obesity, alcohol intake, physical activity, and stress), the OR remained significant (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.03-1.69). CONCLUSION: Short sleep duration should be considered a risk factor for hypertension. Interventions for adequate sleep duration could be added to other lifestyle changes (smoking cessation, weight control, low sodium diet, physical activities, and etc.) for preventing hypertension.
Adult* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Sodium

PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between sleep duration and hypertension in Korean adults. METHODS: A secondary analysis was performed using data from the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2010. Of the respondents, 5,450 adults over 30 years were included in this analysis. Logistic regression analysis was applied using SAS 9.2. RESULTS: Among Korean adults, the prevalence of hypertension was 28.9% and the mean duration of sleep per night was 6.8 hours. The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for hypertension was 2.16 (95% confidence interval [95% CI]=1.73-2.69) among adults who slept over 6 hours per night compared to those who slept 8 hours per night. After adjusting for risk factors of hypertension including age, gender, socioeconomic status, and health behaviors (smoking, obesity, alcohol intake, physical activity, and stress), the OR remained significant (OR=1.32, 95% CI=1.03-1.69). CONCLUSION: Short sleep duration should be considered a risk factor for hypertension. Interventions for adequate sleep duration could be added to other lifestyle changes (smoking cessation, weight control, low sodium diet, physical activities, and etc.) for preventing hypertension.
Adult* ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Diet ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Korea* ; Life Style ; Logistic Models ; Motor Activity ; Nutrition Surveys ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Social Class ; Sodium

PURPOSE: To compare the cardiometabolic condition of obesity, blood pressure (BP), cholesterol, dietary sodium and potassium intake, and lifestyle behaviors of persons with cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, with those who are disease-free in Korea. METHODS: A secondary data analysis was conducted using a representative sample of Korean adults. RESULTS: Of 10,906 Korean adults (mean age 43.12 ± 0.24 years, women 50.4%), 9,074 were disease-free and 1,520 had hypertension, 137 stroke, and 175 ischemic heart disease. Compared with the disease-free group, obesity, BP, and total cholesterol were higher for the hypertensives. 25.5% of ischemic heart disease group were still smoking; 14.9% of hypertensives were heavy alcohol drinkers. Physical activity was lower in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases than disease-free group. No significant association was found between Na/K ratio adequacy and types of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. CONCLUSION: The cardiometabolic condition varied, with hypertensives having a higher prevalence for obesity, high BP, and cholesterol; poorer adherence to the behavioral recommendations was also noted in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. Such variations in cardiovascular risks would provide implications for addressing vulnerability across groups.
Adult* ; Biomarkers* ; Blood Pressure ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, Dietary ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Korea ; Life Style* ; Motor Activity ; Myocardial Ischemia ; Obesity ; Potassium* ; Prevalence ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Sodium ; Sodium, Dietary* ; Statistics as Topic ; Stroke

PURPOSE: Suicide has been considered a large public health concern in recent years because suicide mortality has been increasing rapidly. This study was done to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of a suicide attempt among adolescents in South Korea. METHODS: The data of the 2006 Youth Health Risk Behavior web-based Survey collected by the Korean Center for Disease Control was analyzed using logistic regression for this study. RESULTS: The prevalence of a suicide attempt was 5.2% in South Korea. The risk factors of a suicide attempt were suicidal ideation (odds 31.83), depression (odds 7.98), drug use (odds 4.67), currently smoking (odds 3.19), feeling unhappiness (odds 2.77), stress (odds 2.60), currently drinking alcohol (odds 2.39), sexual activity (odds 2.33), living with neither parent (odds 2.24), initial alcohol drinking by age 9 (odds 1.80), health status (odds 2.15), skipped breakfast (odds 1.75), disease (odds 1.65), and school records (odds 1.22). CONCLUSION: Suicide screening and prevention programs should be developed, considering these risk factors. Suicide prevention programs should be applied to the at risk population prior to a suicide attempt.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; *Adolescent Psychology ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Peer Group ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Suicide/prevention & control ; *Suicide, Attempted/statistics & numerical data