BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the outcomes of clinical education program for nurses in regional public hospital, utilizing the Kirkpatrick's model. METHODS: Kirkpatrik's 4-level model was applied to this study. Trainees were asked to fill out questionnaires in the middle and at the end of the program. Also administrators of excellent trainees were asked to fill out the questionnaires regarding nursing management performance after 1-2 months from the end of the training course. RESULTS: All trainees had positive reactions to the clinical education program. Not only the results of individual level (satisfaction and achievement scores, academic achievement scores, practical application rate, and educational transition factors) but also the scores of organization level (nursing management performance scores) are improved. CONCLUSION: By showing a correlation between the effectiveness factors we need to verify the relationship between these factors in a future study. In addition, development of quantitative and qualitative performance indicators are needed. To establish a long-term education system, it is required to applying the excellent trainee's successful experiences.
Administrative Personnel ; Education* ; Hospitals, Public* ; Humans ; Nursing

Anti-f(ce) is a rare unexpected antibody against the ce(f) antigen. The aim of this study is to report a second case of anti-f(ce) identified in a patient. A 66-year-old-male with pancreatic cancer received percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. During pretransfusion tests, anti-f(ce) was identified. He had a history of multiple transfusions and was transfused with 2 units of antiglobulin crossmatch compatible RBCs without any adverse reactions. To confirm that the antibody was specific for ce(f) antigen, we crossmatched the patient's serum with RhD-positive red cells of Rh phenotype DcE, DCcEe, DCce, and DCe; all results were negative. Conversely, a crossmatch with RhD-negative red cells of Rh phenotype ce, Cce, and cEe, showed positive results for Rh phenotype ce and cEe red cells. Among the four reports that confirmed anti-e, we discovered the possibility of co-existence of anti-C or misidentification of anti-Ce as anti-e. Therefore, when antibodies against Rh antigens are identified, the possibility of co-existence of antibodies against compound antigens should be considered. Using unexpected antibody identification panel that ce(f) antigen positive red cells are marked is recommended for sensitive detection of anti-f(ce).
Antibodies ; Drainage ; Humans ; Pancreatic Neoplasms* ; Phenotype

This paper reviews the global effect of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents in South Korea, the U.S., Japan, and China. We reviewed research on deteriorated mental health, including increased suicide, suicidal thoughts, and self-harm. Various studies have shown that students’ mental health issues, such as depression and anxiety, have worsened during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the number of students who committed suicide has significantly increased in the U.S. and Japan. Factors such as prior mental health status, change in daily routine, reduced physical activity, excessive screen time, overuse of electronic devices, and reduced social support have been reported to have a significant effect. The chain of deteriorating mental health among the youth began at the onset of COVID-19, social distancing, and school closure. As youths began to stay at home instead of going to school, they lost opportunities to connect with their friends or teachers, who could provide support outside of their homes. Young people spent less time on physical activity and more time online, which damaged their sleeping schedule and daily routine. In preparing for the post-pandemic phase, we should thoroughly analyze the long-term effects of the pandemic on youth mental health, while simultaneously tackling current imminent issues.

Objective: This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously. Results: The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017–2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020–2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, “absence due to medical reasons” showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods. Conclusion The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers’ reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.

Objective: This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously. Results: The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017–2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020–2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, “absence due to medical reasons” showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods. Conclusion The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers’ reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.

Objective: This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously. Results: The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017–2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020–2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, “absence due to medical reasons” showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods. Conclusion The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers’ reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.

Objective: This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously. Results: The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017–2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020–2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, “absence due to medical reasons” showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods. Conclusion The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers’ reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.

Objective: This study compared the incidence of suicide cases among Korean students before and after the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods: Aggregated case reports of all known suicide victims attending elementary, middle, and high school in South Korea from 2017 to 2022 were analyzed. These reports, compiled by teachers under the directive of the South Korean Department of Education, surveyed the circumstances surrounding each suicide and identified associated risk factors posthumously. Results: The completed suicide rate was 2.37 per 100,000 students pre-COVID-19 (2017–2019), significantly increasing to 3.37 per 100,000 students post-COVID-19 (2020–2022; odds ratio [OR] 1.42, p<0.001). The rate began to rise approximately 6 months into the pandemic and continued to worsen throughout 2021 and 2022. Fair attendance significantly increased in 2020 (74.83%, p=0.003) during the initial stage of school closure measures compared to 2019 (58.27%) among students prior to suicide completion. However, as social distancing measures continued, “absence due to medical reasons” showed a significant increase in 2022 (23.56%) compared to 2019 (13.67%, p=0.025) and 2020 (9.52%, p<0.001) among these students. Among those who completed suicide, teachers reported increased signs of depression and anxiety posthumously compared to pre-COVID-19 periods. Conclusion The incidence of completed suicide among students was significantly higher in the post-COVID-19 years compared to pre-COVID-19. Attendance records and teachers’ reports indicated a deterioration in mental health among these students before suicide completion, highlighting the need to consider mental health impacts when implementing future quarantine policies.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of colon is a rare disease entity that is histologically poorly differentiated and immunochemically synaptophysin positive, enabling it to be confirmed by an immunohistochemical stain. Neuroendocrine carcinomas, in almost all cases, have poor prognosis due to a tendency of early metastasis and lack of standardized treatment. The concurrent diagnosis of neuroendocrine carcinoma and adenocarcinoma is extremely rare. The relation of these two disease entities is not understood. We experienced a patient with a colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma concurrent with adenocarcinoma. A 65-year-old male presented with abdominal pain. Emergent computed tomography suggested a malignant tumor of the ascending colon. Colonoscopy showed an infiltrative lesion in the ascending colon with a luminal narrowing, a large pedunculated lesion at the splenic flexure, and multiple small polyps in the descending colon. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy including the pedunculated lesion. The pathology confirmed advanced neuroendocrine carcinoma in the ascending colon, adenocarcinoma in proximal descending colon, and multiple metastatic lymph nodes of neuroendocrine carcinomas on abdomen. The patient underwent the postoperative chemotherapy but did not tolerate it well and expired a year after diagnosis. We report this rare case with a review of the literature.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine ; Colon ; Colon, Ascending ; Colon, Descending ; Colon, Transverse ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colonoscopy ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Phenobarbital ; Polyps ; Prognosis ; Rare Diseases ; Synaptophysin

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is a common inherited erythrocyte membrane disorder characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia. Clinical manifestations and biochemical abnormalities of HS are heterogeneous. In this study, we investigated erythrocyte membrane protein defects in 27 Korean HS cases. Utilizing both the Fairbanks system and the Laemmli system, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte membrane proteins was performed. Proteins were stained with Coomassie brilliant blue and gels were scanned using a densitometer. We detected spectrin deficiency in 7.4% of cases (2/27), ankyrin deficiency in 29.6% (8/27), combined spectrin and ankyrin deficiency in 3.7% (1/27), band 3 deficiency in 11.1% (3/27) and protein 4.2 deficiency in 14.8% (4/27). Membrane protein deficiencies were not observed in nine cases (33.3%, 9/27). Members of two of seven families tested showed the same protein defects as the proband. Ankyrin deficiency alone and combined with spectrin deficiency accounted for 33.3% of cases (9/27), and they were the most common biochemical defects in Korean HS cases. Protein 4.2 deficiency caused HS more frequently in Koreans than in Caucasians.
Ankyrins/analysis* ; Band 3 Protein/analysis* ; Erythrocyte Membrane/chemistry* ; Human ; Korea ; Spectrin/analysis* ; Spherocytosis, Hereditary/blood*