PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine and evaluate the effects of auricular acupressure on musculoskeletal pain, depression and sleep of the elderly who are institutionalized in long-term care facilities. METHODS: The research was conducted in a non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design with data collected from October to December, 2016. The subjects were from long-term care facilities for the elderly in D city and divided into an experimental group (24 subjects) and a control group (25 subjects). RESULTS: After the intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement in degree of musculoskeletal pain on time (χ2=23.89, p < .001) and degree of depression on time and group (χ2=37.42, p < .001, U=122.0, p < 001) and degree of sleep on time (χ2=33.62, p < .001). Thus, the suggested hypothesis is partially supported. CONCLUSION: Auricular acupressure therapy is expected to be a practical and efficient nursing intervention for the elderly institutionalized in long-term care facilities.
Acupressure ; Aged ; Depression ; Humans ; Long-Term Care ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Nursing

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the factors that influence nurses' organizational citizenship behavior. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used, with a convenience sample of 547 nurses from four university hospitals in Seoul and Gyeonggi province. The data were collected through a questionnaire survey done from September 22 to October 10, 2008. The tools used for this study were scales on organizational citizenship behavior (14 items), self-leadership (14 items), empowerment (10 items), organizational commitment (7 items), job satisfaction (8 items) and transformational.transactional leadership (14 items). Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis were examined to test reliability and construct validity of the scale. The data collected were processed using SPSS Window 15.0 Program for actual numbers and percentages, differences in the dependent variable according to general characteristics, and means, standard deviations, correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: The factors influencing nurses' organizational citizenship behavior were identified as self-leadership (beta=.247), empowerment (beta=.233), job satisfaction (beta=.209), organizational commitment (beta=.158), and transactional leadership (beta=.142). Five factors explained 42.0% of nurses' organizational citizenship behavior. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can be used to develop further management strategies for enhancement of nurses' organizational citizenship behavior.
Adult ; *Attitude of Health Personnel ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interprofessional Relations ; Job Satisfaction ; Leadership ; Nursing Staff, Hospital/organization & administration/*psychology ; Organizational Culture ; Power (Psychology) ; Questionnaires

No abstract available.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between sedentary behavior and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) according to changes in physical activity after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Korean adolescents. Methods: This study included 52,723 South Korean middle and high school students who had obtained a complete Korea youth risk behavior survey, 2021. To identify the association between sitting time and GAD (GAD-7 scale≥10), odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using complex sample logistic regression analysis (p＜0.05). Results: After adjusting for confounding variables, higher sitting time was associated with higher GAD risk (OR [95% CI]: 5–10 hours, 1.15 [1.04–1.27]; 10–15 hours, 1.23 [1.12–1.35]; ≥15 hours, 1.28 [1.15–1.43]). In adolescents whose physical activity has not changed or has increased after COVID-19, as the sitting time increased, the OR (95% CI) of GAD increased (5–10 hours, 1.15 [1.02–1.31]; 10–15 hours, 1.20 [1.07–1.35]; ≥15 hours, 1.35 [1.17–1.54]). But, not in adolescents whose physical activity has decreased after COVID-19. Conclusion We observed the independent associations between sedentary behavior and GAD, and sedentary behavior and GAD are associated by change in physical activity after COVID-19 among adolescents. Therefore, in the pandemic era reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity is necessary for adolescents to enhance mental health and decrease the case of GAD.

Objectives: ：This study aimed to examine the mediating effect of sleep quality and interpretation bias for ambiguity in the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation in psychiatric patients. Methods: ：A total of 231 psychiatric outpatients and inpatients completed the Beck Hopelessness Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Ambiguous/Unambiguous Situations Diary-Extended Version, and Ultra-Short Suicidal Ideation Scale. Data analysis was conducted using regression analyses and bootstrap sampling. Results: ：The results of this study showed that hopelessness had a direct effect on suicidal ideation, and that sleep quality and interpretation bias for ambiguity mediated the association between hopelessness and suicidal ideation. Moreover, there was a significant double mediating effect of sleep quality and interpretation bias for am-biguity on the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation. Conclusions ：These results suggest that it is important to consider both sleep quality and interpretation bias for ambiguity to prevent hopelessness from leading to suicidal idea. These results suggest that considering both sleep quality and interpretation bias for ambiguity may be important in preventing hopelessness from leading to suicidal ideation.

Purpose: Our primary aim was to elucidate the association between relative grip strength levels and the risk of developing diabetes, utilizing longitudinal data. Methods: A total of 1,935 participants in this study comprised general adults aged 51 to 81 years, who had engagedin the survey both in 2013–2014 and during the subsequent follow-up in 2019–2020. The criteria for diagnosingdiabetes included receiving a diabetes diagnosis and treatment. grip strength was converted into relative grip strength by dividing it by body mass index. To validate the relationship between the interaction of relative grip strength and resting heart rate and its impact on risk of developing diabetes, a proportional hazards Cox regression model was used.Subsequently, we computed the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for risk of developing diabetes. Results: After adjusting for various confounding variables, we observed a significant 46% reduction in the risk of developing diabetes in the high relative grip strength group compared to the low relativegrip strength group (HR,0.54; 95% CI, 0.36–0.80). However, upon additional adjustment for waist circumference, no significant findings couldbe yielded. Furthermore, we found significant differences the relationship between relative grip strength, resting heart rate, and the risk of developing diabetes among different groups. Conclusion This study investigates the relationship between relative grip strength and incidence of diabetes, attributed to the accumulation of body fat. Notably, both resting heart rate and relative grip strength emerge as predictive indicators for assessing the risk of diabetes development.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between changes in sitting time (ST) with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Methods: This study examined 2,814 adults aged 40 to 69 years who participated in the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, a community-based cohort study, for a total of 10 years. Changes in ST were assessed using the results obtained from physical activity questionnaires completed during the baseline and follow-up surveys. The diagnosis of metabolic syndrome was classified according to the criteria established by the International Diabetes Federation. We conducted survival analysis by the multivariate extended Cox regression model. The significance level for all analyses was set at p＜ 0.05. Results: We compared the newly ST group with ST less than 7 hours in the baseline and more than 7 hours in the first follow-up to the consistently non-ST group with ST less than 7 hours in both the baseline and the first follow-up. In this comparison, we found that the hazard ratio (HR) for the incidence of metabolic syndrome increasedby 33% (HR, 1.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02–1.74) for changes in total daily sedentary time and by 47% (HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.13–1.92) for changes in weekday sedentary time in the newly ST group. Conclusion Changes in ST are associated with the risk of developing metabolic syndrome. These findings can serve as fundamental data for further research on the relationship between changes in ST, and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the associations between type of moderate-vigorous physical activities (MVPA) and psychological stress in South Korean, based on the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The subjects of this study were 2,891 Korean men and women aged 40 to 69, who completed health examination from 2011 to 2012. Methods: The type of MVPA was measured by using self-reported physical activity questionnaire. A high psychological stress was determined by scoring Psychological Well-being Index Short Form (≥ 27). Logistic regression analysis, adjusting other confounding factors, was conducted to identify the association of type of MVPA level with psychological stress (p＜ 0.05). Results: Participants who leisure-related MVPA of ≥ 150 min/week was less likely have to high psychological stress than ＜ 150 min/week (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57–0.92). From the analysis of gender, leisure-related (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35–0.72) and work-related (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.41–0.97) MVPA of ≥ 150min/week were associated with low psychological stress in men, but women was not significantly associated. From the analysis of age, leisure-related MVPA of ≥ 150 min/week were associated with low psychological stress in middle age group (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.53–0.92), but elderly group was not significantly associated. Differences inpsychological stress OR according to type of MVPA time were observed about classification of occupations. Conclusion High level of leisure related physical activity were independently associated with reducing risk for psychological stress. Also, encouraged MVPA by gender, age, classification of occupations could help to improve psychological stress levels in middle-aged or older adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the mediating effects of anxiety and sleep quality in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and irritability among psychiatric patients. Methods: A total of 105 psychiatric patients completed questionnaires on anxiety sensitivity (Korean version of the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3), irritability (Korean version of the Brief Irritability Test), anxiety (Korean-Beck Anxiety Inventory), and sleep quality (Korean version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). Data analyses were conducted using regression analyses and the bootstrap sampling method. Results: The major findings of this study were as follows: First, anxiety sensitivity positively predicted irritability. Second, anxiety significantly mediated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and irritability, but not sleep quality. Last, the sequential mediating effect of anxiety and sleep quality was significant in the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and irritability. Conclusion These results suggest that anxiety and sleep quality should be considered in the pathway from anxiety sensitivity to irritability. Therefore, addressing anxiety and sleep quality in anxiety sensitivity interventions may help prevent the development of irritability.

Simple cyst of the testis is a rare lesion. Clinically, testicular simple cyst may be difficult to differentiate from a cystic neoplasm. We report a simple intratesticular cyst which was found incidentally as a nontender, enlarged mass in the testicle of an eight- month- old infant. It was diagnosed by preoperative ultrasonography and operative finding and the patient underwent an organ-preserving operation.
Humans ; Infant ; Testis ; Ultrasonography