Objectives: ：The purpose of this study was to examine whether the MMPI-2-RF serves as a useful tool to differentiate between the subtypes of high risk of suicide among psychiatric outpatients. Methods: ：Patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of university hospital. Participants were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. And participants were put into 4 groups (Suicide ideation, Suicide attempt, Non-suicidal self-injury, and general psychiatric diagnosis as a control group). For statistical comparison, the MANCOVA with gender as a covariate was used. Results: ：The results indicated that as previous research with non-clinical sample suggested, psychiatric outpatients with high suicide risk also have significantly higher Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction, Helplessness/ Hopelessness, Suicidal/Death Ideation, Demoralization, Cognitive complaints, Cynicism, Dysfunctional negative thoughts than general psychiatric patients group. But group differences within the high suicide risk patients have not been observed. However, suicide attempt group and NSSI group has higher Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction, RC4, AGG than general psychiatric patients group. But there was no difference between suicidal idea group and general psychiatric patients group. Conclusions ：There was no group difference observed between all three subtypes, which mean the MMPI- 2-RF may not be the useful diagnostic tool to navigate high suicide risk subtypes. Even though there was no difference observed in the suicide ideation group, suicide attempt group and NSSI group have higher aggression and externalization. So those indexes could serve as a useful marker to investigate riskiness of suicide related symptoms.

Objectives: ：This study investigate to identify the stability of temperament and personality characteristics of patients including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. Methods: ：The number of subjects was 102, of which 33 were PTSD patients and 69 were non-PTSD patients. To demonstrate the change in individual temperament and personality characteristics, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered repeatedly on the subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effects analysis were conducted. Results: ：When analysed by dividing the subjects into PTSD groups and non-PTSD groups, the differences between the primary and secondary tests did not appear in the non-PTSD groups, but the differences between the primary and secondary tests were significant in Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (C). In addition, it was noted that the time and group interaction effects of HA, RD, SD and C were significant, and that the main effects of time of HA, RD, SD and C were significant. Conclusions ：This study is meaningful in that in the course of experience and recovery of traumatic events,we have clinically confirmed that changes in the temperament, known as stable variables, are possible.

Objectives: ：This study aimed to examine the validity scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in Predicting premature termination and treatment duration in psychiatric outpatients. Methods: ：The MMPI–2 was administered to 202 patients with psychiatric medication, and its data converted to MMPI-2-RF was used for analysis. An independent t-test used to determine whether there was a difference in validity scales between premature termination group and treatment continued group. Then, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the degree of effect on premature termination. Moreover, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to confirm the relationship between treatment duration and validity scales. Results: ：The premature termination group showed higher score in variable response inconsistency (Vrin-r), adjustment validity (K-r) and lower score in infrequent responses (F-r) compared to the treatment continued groups. In logistic regression analysis, however, none of MMPI-2-RF validity scales predicted premature termination. Also, it was found that higher K-r score was associated with shorter treatment duration. Conclusion ：The study showed that the MMPI-2-RF validity scales can predict whether to continue medication and treatment. Therefore, it is expected that more thorough studies of the attitudes toward treatment with respect to the validity scales provides the opportunity to find patients at high risk of premature treatment prior to medication and to strengthen their motivation for treatment, thereby leading to more effective and lasting treatment.

Objectives: ：This study investigate to identify the stability of temperament and personality characteristics of patients including Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) patients. Methods: ：The number of subjects was 102, of which 33 were PTSD patients and 69 were non-PTSD patients. To demonstrate the change in individual temperament and personality characteristics, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) were administered repeatedly on the subjects. Repeated measures ANOVA and simple main effects analysis were conducted. Results: ：When analysed by dividing the subjects into PTSD groups and non-PTSD groups, the differences between the primary and secondary tests did not appear in the non-PTSD groups, but the differences between the primary and secondary tests were significant in Harm Avoidance (HA), Reward Dependence (RD), Self-Directedness (SD), Cooperativeness (C). In addition, it was noted that the time and group interaction effects of HA, RD, SD and C were significant, and that the main effects of time of HA, RD, SD and C were significant. Conclusions ：This study is meaningful in that in the course of experience and recovery of traumatic events,we have clinically confirmed that changes in the temperament, known as stable variables, are possible.

Objectives: ：This study aimed to examine the validity scales of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) in Predicting premature termination and treatment duration in psychiatric outpatients. Methods: ：The MMPI–2 was administered to 202 patients with psychiatric medication, and its data converted to MMPI-2-RF was used for analysis. An independent t-test used to determine whether there was a difference in validity scales between premature termination group and treatment continued group. Then, logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the degree of effect on premature termination. Moreover, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were performed to confirm the relationship between treatment duration and validity scales. Results: ：The premature termination group showed higher score in variable response inconsistency (Vrin-r), adjustment validity (K-r) and lower score in infrequent responses (F-r) compared to the treatment continued groups. In logistic regression analysis, however, none of MMPI-2-RF validity scales predicted premature termination. Also, it was found that higher K-r score was associated with shorter treatment duration. Conclusion ：The study showed that the MMPI-2-RF validity scales can predict whether to continue medication and treatment. Therefore, it is expected that more thorough studies of the attitudes toward treatment with respect to the validity scales provides the opportunity to find patients at high risk of premature treatment prior to medication and to strengthen their motivation for treatment, thereby leading to more effective and lasting treatment.

Objectives: ：The purpose of this study was to explore comparison of clinical characteristics among Anxiety disorder, Depressive disorder, and Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder. Methods: ：Since January, 2017 to May, 2019, patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of Hanyang University Guri Hospital. Participants were diagnosed Anxiety disorder, Depressive disorder, and Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists or clinical psychologists. And each of participants tested with MMPI-2 and clinical psychologists were converted MMPI-2 to MMPI-2-RF. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. Results: ：The results indicated EID, RC2, HLP, SAV, and INTR-r were the highest in Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder group. And BXD, RC4, JCP, and AGGR-r were the highest in Depressive disorder group. Conclusions ：The results indicated that Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder group were more severe internalizing dysfunction like lower positive emotion, helplessness, social avoidance and discomfort than single-diagnosed group. Single Depressive disorder group were more serious externalizing dysfunction like anger and aggression than single Anxiety disorder and Co-morbid of Anxiety disorder and Depressive disorder. The implications and limitations were discussed.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients who visited psychiatric outpatient clinic with military service suitability issues. METHODS: Since January, 2017 to September, 2018, patients were recruited from the department of psychiatry of university hospital. Participants were diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria by board certified psychiatrists. And each of participants tested with K-WAIS-IV, K-SCL-95 by clinical psychologist. The data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. RESULTS: The results indicated 24.6% of the patients have significantly low level of intellectual functioning. and 10.8% of the patients have borderline level of intellectual functioning, and 26.3% of them were below average. The results of psychological characteristics showed patients have cautious and potentially dangerous level of depression, anxiety, agoraphobia, and suicidal idea. And PTSD subscale's mean score was above problematic level. Next, we divided patients into two groups based on question of whether the patient is eligible to serve in the military service or not arises from recruitment process or army training center. But two group didn't differ significantly. And for further analyses, we also divided patients into two groups based on if they got single psychiatric diagnosis or more than one psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that group which has coexisting psychiatric disorders were more depressed, had higher level of anger and aggression, and had more serious levels of suicidal ideas than single psychiatric diagnosis group. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.

Objectives: ：The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients with military service suitability issues compared to the general psychiatric outpatients. Methods: ：108 patients who visited psychiatric clinic center due to military service suitability issues and 80 general psychiatric patients were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of university hospital. ANCOVA and chi-equare test were used to examine differences between two groups. Furthermore, we utilized paired t-test to compare the scrore within military group depending on when they performed the psychological assessment. Results: ：There were no significant differences between military group and general outpatient group in WAIS-IV scores. However, military group scored remarkably higher than control group on validity scales, F-r andFp-r whereas they scored lower on validity scale, K-r. Furthermore, military group showed significantly higher on BDI and MMPI-2-RF, EID, RCd, RC2, RC3, COG, HLP, SFD, NFC, STW, SAVE, SHY, DSF, NEGE-r, INTR-r. As a result of comparison within the military group following the periods of assessment, military group did not show the significant differences on the overall scales of MMPI-2-RF. Conclusions ：The present study showed that military group tends to report their psychological distress more exaggeratedly. In addition, they had significantly elevated not only emotional distress such as depression and anxiety but interpersonal problem. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.

Objectives: ：The purpose of this study was to examine cognitive and psychological characteristics of patients with military service suitability issues compared to the general psychiatric outpatients. Methods: ：108 patients who visited psychiatric clinic center due to military service suitability issues and 80 general psychiatric patients were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry of university hospital. ANCOVA and chi-equare test were used to examine differences between two groups. Furthermore, we utilized paired t-test to compare the scrore within military group depending on when they performed the psychological assessment. Results: ：There were no significant differences between military group and general outpatient group in WAIS-IV scores. However, military group scored remarkably higher than control group on validity scales, F-r andFp-r whereas they scored lower on validity scale, K-r. Furthermore, military group showed significantly higher on BDI and MMPI-2-RF, EID, RCd, RC2, RC3, COG, HLP, SFD, NFC, STW, SAVE, SHY, DSF, NEGE-r, INTR-r. As a result of comparison within the military group following the periods of assessment, military group did not show the significant differences on the overall scales of MMPI-2-RF. Conclusions ：The present study showed that military group tends to report their psychological distress more exaggeratedly. In addition, they had significantly elevated not only emotional distress such as depression and anxiety but interpersonal problem. The implications and limitations were discussed along with some suggestions for the future studies.