BACKGROUND: The concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) refers to a transitional period between normal aging and clinically demented state such as Alzheimer's disease. Detection of individuals with MCI is critical for prognosis of the disease progression and treatment of patients at risk. The current study manipulated linguistic complexity in naming nouns and verbs to examine whether the linguistically different entities contribute to differentiating individuals with MCI from normal elderly adults. Specific aims of the study are 1) to investigate the noun-verb dissociation in naming between the MCI and normal control groups and 2) to examine the differential effects between the groups depending on the linguistic subtypes of nouns (animate vs. inanimate) and verbs (the argument structure). METHODS: Twenty normal elderly individuals and 19 individuals with MCI participated in this study. A confrontation naming task was employed. Nouns were divided into the two subtypes (animate vs. inanimate), and verbs were classified into the three subtypes depending on the number of argument (1-place, 2-place, and 3-place). RESULTS: Results revealed that there were significant differences between the groups, indicating that individuals with MCI showed worse performance on naming in general than the control group. Furthermore, the MCI group presented differentially impaired performance on verbs than nouns compared to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the current study suggested that performance on a verb confrontation naming task could serve as a sensitive index to differentiate the MCI group from normal aging group.
Adult ; Aged ; Aging ; Alzheimer Disease ; Disease Progression ; Dissociative Disorders ; Humans ; Linguistics ; Mild Cognitive Impairment ; Prognosis

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Chronic colitis is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) development in both animals and humans. Previously, we reported that a diet rich in protein (with casein as the protein source) significantly increased the risk of mouse CRC development in a dose-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated the effects of different protein sources on the risk of colitis development.MATERIALS/METHODS: Balb/c mice were divided into 7 experimental groups: 20% casein (20C), 20C-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), 40% casein-DSS (40CD), 40% whey protein-DSS (40WD), 40% soy protein-DSS (40SD), 40% white meat-DSS (40WMD), and 40% red meatDSS (40RMD). Mice were fed an experimental diet for 4 wk and received 3% DSS in their drinking water for 6 days during the 4th wk of the experimental period. RESULTS: Compared to other groups, the 40CD group showed the most aggravated colitis with increased disease activity and inflammatory markers. In the 40RMD group, interleukin (IL)-6 levels were the highest among all the groups. The 40SD group showed conflicting effects, for example, elevated mortality and disease activity but decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels. The 40WD group showed attenuated colitis with increased IL-10 levels and decreased NO levels. The 40WMD group showed conflicting effects, including decreased NO levels and elevated fecal lipocalin-2 and IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, at levels of 40% in the diet, casein and red meat exacerbate colitis, whereas whey protein mitigates it the most effectively.

PURPOSE: Colorectal cancer, which is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in developing and developed countries, is highly associated with obesity. The association is largely attributed to changes to western style diets in those countries containing high-fat and high-energy. Luteolin (LUT) is a known potent inhibitor of inflammation, obesity, and cancer. In this study, we investigated the effects of LUT on chemical-induced colon carcinogenesis in high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice. METHODS: Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice received a single intraperitoneal injection of azoxymethane (AOM) at a dose of 12.5 mg/kg body weight. Mice were then divided into four groups (n = 10) that received one of the following diets for 11 weeks after the AOM injection: normal diet (ND); HFD; HFD with 0.0025% LUT (HFD LL); HFD with 0.005% LUT (HFD HL). One week after AOM injection, animals received 1~2% dextran sodium sulfate in their drinking water over three cycles consisting of five consecutive days each that were separated by 16 days. RESULTS: Body weight, ratio of colon weight/length, and tumor multiplicity increased significantly in the HFD group compared to the ND group. Luteolin supplementation of the HFD significantly reduced the ratio of colon weight/length and colon tumors, but not body weight. The levels of plasma TNF-α and colonic expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 protein increased in response to HFD, but were suppressed by LUT supplementation. Immunohistochemistry analysis also showed that iNOS expression was decreased by LUT. CONCLUSION: Consumption of LUT may reduce the risk of obesity-associated colorectal cancer by suppression of colonic inflammation.
Animals ; Azoxymethane ; Body Weight ; Carcinogenesis ; Colon ; Colonic Neoplasms ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; Developed Countries ; Dextrans ; Diet ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drinking Water ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Inflammation ; Injections, Intraperitoneal ; Luteolin ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Obese ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II ; Obesity ; Plasma ; Sodium

PURPOSE: Pregnancy and hCG treatments are considered essential for inhibiting breast cancer. The effect of hCG is accompanied by the synthesis of inhibin, a transforming growth factor involved in cell differentiation and proliferation. Inhibin is considered a tumor suppressor, but its role in the breast is unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and tissue distribution of the expressions of inhibin-alpha and beta-hCG in breast cancer, and their prognostic relevance with other biological parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 334 of formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks were selected, and then immunostained for inhibin-alpha and beta-hCG. The inhibin-alpha expression was compared with those of beta-hCG, ER, PR and HER-2/neu, as well as the tumor characteristics and recurrences. RESULTS: Inhibin-alpha and beta-hCG were expressed in 87 (26.0%) and 44 cases (13.2%), respectively. Inhibin-alpha was found in 25.1% of infiltrating ductal carcinomas (67/267), 26.7% of intraductal carcinomas (8/30), 33.3% of lobular tumors (3/9), 80.0% of apocrine carcinomas (4/5) and 21.7% of the other types (5/23). Inhibin-alpha was correlated with beta-hCG (p<0.0001), PR (p=0.010) and HER-2/ neu (p=0.021). HCG was focally expressed in the cytoplasm of the conventional types, but the apocrine type displayed diffusely intense cytoplasmic staining, which correlated with histological tumor types (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Inhibin was significantly correlated with the expressions of hCG, PR and HER-2/neu. Therefore, it might be a useful marker in the prevention and hormonal treatment of breast cancer, such as hCG and progesterone. HCG was expressed significantly higher in the apocrine type than the conventional types, suggesting it can be a useful adjunct in differentiating other cancer types.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Cell Differentiation ; Chorion* ; Cytoplasm ; Humans* ; Inhibins* ; Paraffin ; Pregnancy ; Progesterone ; Recurrence ; Tissue Distribution ; Transforming Growth Factors

PURPOSE: MUC1 is a large transmembrane glycoprotein, which is overexpressed in the majority of carcinomas. The high expression of MUC1 is associated with aggressive tumors, with the MUC1 antigen used as a marker to monitor disease progression in breast cancer patients. Although the MUC1 tumor marker is both sensitive and specific for predicting a relapse in breast cancer, it is not commonly used during the follow-up of breast cancer patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the differential patterns of MUC1 expression in different histological types of breast carcinoma could be used to distinguish tumors from benign lesions, and determine its prognostic relevance with other biological parameters. METHODS: 22 normal breast, 7 intraductal hyper-plasia (IDH) and 307 malignant lesions were selected and immunostained with MUC1. The patterns of reaction were classified as intraluminal border (ILB), cytoplasmic, intercellular membrane (ICM), intranuclear or mixed staining. RESULTS: All the normal breast samples showed weak cytoplasmic staining in the ducts and lobules. All the IDH samples showed moderate cytoplasmic and ILB staining. Of the 307 malignant lesions, only 2 (0.8%) showed negative staining; MUC1 positivity was observed in 4 (1.3%), with only ILB staining; 8 (2.6%) with weak cytoplasmic staining, 16 (5.2%) with weak cytoplasmic and intranuclear staining, 168 (54.7%) with moderate cytoplasmic and ILB staining, and 109 (35.5%) with strong cytoplasmic and ICM staining. MUC1 positivity with a moderate to strong staining intensity was observed in 90.6% of the infiltrating ductal carcinomas (221/244), 96.5% of the intraductal carcinomas (28/29), 87.5% of the infiltrating lobular carcinomas (7/8), 66.6% of the mucinous and secretory carcinomas (10/15), 100.0% of the apocrine carcinomas (5/5) and 100.0% of the medullary carcinomas (6/6). The expression of MUC1 was statistically significant between the histological tumor types (p = 0.034), tumor size (p = 0.046), and HER-2/neu (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: These data suggest the expression of MUC1 was different in normal breast, IDH and malignant breast tumors, and was significantly correlated with the histological tumor types, tumor size and HER-2/neu oncogene.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating ; Carcinoma, Lobular ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Cytoplasm ; Disease Progression ; Follow-Up Studies ; Glycoproteins ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Membranes ; Mucins ; Negative Staining ; Oncogenes ; Prognosis ; Recurrence

No abstract available.
Colitis* ; Dasatinib* ; Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive*

It has been shown that dysregulation of IGF-1 signaling is associated with tumor incidence and progression, whereas blockade of the signaling can effectively inhibit carcinogenesis. Although several mechanisms of anticancer activity of quercetin were proposed, molecular targets of quercetin have not been identified yet. Hence, we assessed the effect of quercetin on IGF-1 signaling inhibition in BK5.IGF-1 transgenic (Tg) mice, which over-expresses IGF-1 in the skin epidermis. A quercetin diet (0.02% wt/wt) for 20 weeks remarkably delayed the incidence of skin tumor by 2 weeks and reduced tumor multiplicity by 35% in a 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) two stage mouse skin carcinogenesis protocol. Moreover, skin hyperplasia in Tg mice was significantly inhibited by a quercetin supplementation. Further analysis of the MT1/2 skin papilloma cell line showed that a quercetin treatment dose dependently suppressed IGF-1 induced phosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R), insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, Akt and S6K; however, had no effect on the phosphorylation of PTEN. Additionally, the quercetin treatment inhibited IGF-1 stimulated cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner. Taken together, these data suggest that quercetin has a potent anticancer activity through the inhibition of IGF-1 signaling.
Animals ; Anticarcinogenic Agents* ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; Diet ; Epidermis ; Hyperplasia ; Incidence ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Mice* ; Papilloma ; Phosphorylation ; Quercetin* ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; Receptor, Insulin ; Skin Neoplasms* ; Skin*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the teaching effectiveness and adequacy of practical training in nursing students. METHODS: This descriptive research was conducted using a convenience sampling. The sample consisted of 619 nursing students with experience in practical training among five colleges, located in four cities. The data collection was performed using self-reported questionnaires. Research tools, developed by Kim (1996), were used to measure the effectiveness of clinical instructors and the adequacy of practical training developed by researchers. The data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: The average of teaching effectiveness was 3.43 (out of 5) and adequacy of practical training was 3.33 (out of 5). Teaching effectiveness and adequacy of practical training showed a significant positive correlation (r=.74, p<.001). Teaching effectiveness and each sub-area: adequacy of practical training, practical contents (r=.59, p<.001), practical attitude (r=.45, p<.001), practical instructor (r=.62, p<.001), practical environment (r=.46, p<.001), and practical evaluation (r=.64, p<.001), revealed a significant positive correlation. CONCLUSION: Nursing students prefer the actual training from professors who are more professional and clinical experienced. Professors presenting the theory lectures should also be aware of clinical practice so that education can be more professional and effective in terms of clinical practice.
Data Collection ; Education ; Humans ; Lectures ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

Mushroom-related poisoning can cause acute kidney injury. Here we report a case of acute kidney injury after ingestion of Amanita punctata, which is considered an edible mushroom. Gastrointestinal symptoms occurred within 24 hours from the mushroom intake and were followed by an asymptomatic period, acute kidney injury, and elevation of liver and pancreatic enzymes. Kidney function recovered with supportive care. Nephrotoxic mushroom poisoning should be considered as a cause of acute kidney injury.
Acute Kidney Injury* ; Agaricales ; Amanita* ; Eating ; Kidney ; Liver ; Mushroom Poisoning ; Poisoning*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the research papers published in three nursing journals to suggest the direction for Journal of Korean Oncology Nursing (JKON). METHODS: To compare JKON with Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education and Cancer Nursing, all the research papers published in those three journals, 2010 were reviewed using an analysis criteria developed by the researchers, focusing on type of research, characteristics of authors and subjects, research design, data collection and analysis methods, sample size estimation, and ethical considerations regarding data collection. RESULTS: JKON lacked research papers which were supported by research funds, produced by multidisciplinary teams, addressing cancer survivors or patients with metastatic cancers, and written in qualitative methodologies. However, JKON showed higher ratio of research papers than the other two journals which were adapted from thesis or dissertations, describing sample size estimation process precisely, and participating subjects diagnosed with various cancers. CONCLUSION: The study found out that JKON is presenting well the area of oncology nursing in Korea and also has several weak points that need to be improved. The study therefore suggested several recommendations for the JKON to take the professional and global leader roles.
Data Collection ; Education, Nursing ; Financial Management ; Humans ; Korea ; Manuscripts as Topic ; Nursing Research ; Research Design ; Research Subjects ; Sample Size ; Survivors