BACKGROUND: Following the improvement of the economic status and increasing medical availability, the interest for the public health and nutrition in elderly is increasing in Korea. It is well known that aging is associated with the deterioration of nutritional status, but in Korea, there were no clear data about that yet. PURPOSE: This study was performed to identify the normal distribution of the nutritional indices such as biochemical and anthropometric variables, showing the association between nutritional risk factor and aging. METHODS: Among 151,000 subjects over 40 year olds in Jung-Up County, Korea, 1051 were selected for a random cluster sample. After the blood tests and anthropometric measurements were performed during Dec 1996 to Feb 1997. RESULTS: Of the 1051 subjects(M:F=410:641), 340 were over 65 years(elderly) at the enroll time, while 711 were between 40 to 65 years(middle aged). Triceps skin fold thickness(TSF), body mass index(BMI), hematocrit(Hct) serum protein and albumin showed a weak negative correlation with age, whereas not in the case of the waisthip ratio(WHR), leucocytes, serum cholesterol and creatinine. Compared with middle aged with elderiy, TSF, BMI, albumin showed a significant differences(p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We showed the normal distribution of the variable nutritional indices and their changes associated with aging in the ambulatory elderly Korean living in the rural community. It needs further follow-up study including association with mortality.
Adult ; Aged* ; Aging ; Cholesterol ; Creatinine ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Jeollabuk-do ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status ; Public Health ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Skin

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration among healthy mothers and their use of breastfeeding information resources. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community setting. Four hundreds participants were recruited at five pediatric clinics and three community health centers located in Paju-si and Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, between January and May 2019. Based on the breastfeeding decision-making model, driven by Martens and Young’s work, the survey items consisted of demographics, childbirth and breastfeeding characteristics, and breastfeeding information resources. In the analysis, 389 responses were used in the t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Information resource networks were compared before and after childbirth including a subgroup analysis depending on the breastfeeding duration. Results: The modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration were antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education and the provision of information in the hospital.The frequency of Internet use and websites visited were notable and potentially modifiable factors, which were also observed in the networks showing different relationship patterns according to participant subgroups and times. The childbirth event increased the centralization of the network in the planned group, while the network of the non-planned group was more diffused after childbirth. The network of the short-term breastfeeding group was characterized by a more centralized pattern and the resources of high betweenness centrality than the long-term group. Conclusion Breastfeeding education is a consistent factor that affects breastfeeding behavior. A well-designed internet-based approach would be an effective nursing intervention to meet the needs of women seeking breastfeeding information and changing their behaviors.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration among healthy mothers and their use of breastfeeding information resources. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a community setting. Four hundreds participants were recruited at five pediatric clinics and three community health centers located in Paju-si and Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, between January and May 2019. Based on the breastfeeding decision-making model, driven by Martens and Young’s work, the survey items consisted of demographics, childbirth and breastfeeding characteristics, and breastfeeding information resources. In the analysis, 389 responses were used in the t-test, ANOVA, and logistic regression. Information resource networks were compared before and after childbirth including a subgroup analysis depending on the breastfeeding duration. Results: The modifiable factors affecting breastfeeding planning and duration were antenatal and postpartum breastfeeding education and the provision of information in the hospital.The frequency of Internet use and websites visited were notable and potentially modifiable factors, which were also observed in the networks showing different relationship patterns according to participant subgroups and times. The childbirth event increased the centralization of the network in the planned group, while the network of the non-planned group was more diffused after childbirth. The network of the short-term breastfeeding group was characterized by a more centralized pattern and the resources of high betweenness centrality than the long-term group. Conclusion Breastfeeding education is a consistent factor that affects breastfeeding behavior. A well-designed internet-based approach would be an effective nursing intervention to meet the needs of women seeking breastfeeding information and changing their behaviors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the trends of research related to ethical topics in Korean nursing students. Methods: A total of 131 articles that were published from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed and summarized according to publishing type, research design, subject, data analysis method, main research topic, research variables and instrument. Results: Most studies were journal articles (93.9%) and their most frequent research design was survey (75.7%). The research subjects covered all grades (35.1%) or they were divided between clinical nursing practicum (29.8%) or not (21.4%). The main research topics were biomedical ethics, ethical values, moral judgment and ethics education. Recently, ethical decision making and practical ability in nursing practice were reported. The instruments for measuring variables were limited and the same tools were used several times. Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that the selection of various research topics and the application of research methods related to ethics for nursing students will continue in response to rapidly changing social phenomena in the future. In particular, it is necessary that research related to ethical and practical ability as well as ethical attitudes and perceptions of nursing students be actively carried out.

Purpose: Hybrid simulation has emerged to increase the practicality of simulation training by combining simulators and standardized patient (SP) that implement realistic clinical environments at a high level. This study aimed to develop a hybrid simulation program focused on case of pediatric cardiac catheterization and to evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: The hybrid simulation program was developed according to the Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model. And deep learning-based analysis program was used to analyze non-verbal communication with SP and applied it for debriefing sessions. To verify the effect of the program, a quasi-experimental study using a random assignment design was conducted. In total, 48 nursing students (n=24 in the experimental group; n=24 in the control group) participated in the study. Results: Knowledge (F=3.53, p=.038), confidence in clinical performance (F=9.73, p<.001), and communication self-efficacy (F=5.20, p=.007) showed a significant difference in both groups and interaction between time points, and the communication ability of the experimental group increased significantly (t=3.32, p=.003). Conclusion Hybrid simulation program developed in this study has been proven effective, it can be implemented in child nursing education. Future research should focus on developing and incorporating various hybrid simulation programs using SP into the nursing curriculum and evaluating their effectiveness.

OBJECTIVES: This study analyzed Japanese consumers on their sauce consumption, and assessed the relationship between consumer innovativeness and consumption behavior for new sauce products. METHODS: The survey was completed by local consumers visiting Korean restaurants in Osaka, Japan, in September 2018. The demographic characteristics, consumption of sauce, consumer innovativeness, and factors of theory of planned behavior were evaluated. Totally, 150 collected data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 Program (IBM SPSS INC, Armonk, NY, USA). RESULTS: Results of the survey indicate that Japanese consumers purchase a sauce by considering the taste and food utilization. Sauce purchases were maximum at mega markets and supermarkets. The consumer innovativeness for Japanese consumers was based on 3 factors: ‘Purchasing adventurous products (3.51 ± 0.96)’, ‘Active information seeking (4.36 ± 1.11)’, and ‘Interactive information seeking (4.33 ± 1.02)’, where the tendency of ‘Active information seeking’ was the highest innovativeness factor. Furthermore, higher values of perceived behavior control (4.68 ± 1.21), attitude (4.66 ± 1.41) and subjective norm (4.39 ± 1.28) were revealed, when assessing for theory of planned behavior factors. Correlating the variables of consumer innovation and factors of planning behavior theory, ‘Active information seeking’ is a positive attribute for attitude (p<0.016), subjective norm (p<0.001), and perceived behavior control (p<0.002). These 3 factors also had significantly positive effects on purchase intention for new sauce product (p<0.000, p<0.000, and p<0.002, respectively). Attitude was determined to be another very influential variable for purchase intention of a new sauce product (B=0.484, t=6.881). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study determine the consumption patterns of sauce for the Japanese consumer, and the relationship between consumer innovativeness and consumption behavior for Korean traditional sauces. We believe the data generated from this study will help determine a marketing strategy to enter the Japanese market.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Behavior Control ; Humans ; Intention ; Japan ; Marketing ; Restaurants

We found the changed distribution of glucose transporter (GLUT) proteins in the skin during rat development. At 15 days of gestation, GLUT1 and 2 proteins were expressed in the stratum corneum of epidermal cells. In postnatal skin, however, GLUT1 and 2 exhibit different expression patterns. While GLUT1 expression becomes more restricted to the stratum basale with development, GLUT2 was found mainly in stratum spinosum and granulosum, but not being localized in the stratum basale at any stages of perinatal skin development. Considering all these, it can be speculated that each GLUT protein plays its specific role in different epidermal layers and that the glucose used in mammalian skin in utero could be originated from the amniotic fluid during skin development.
Amniotic Fluid ; Animals ; Epidermis ; Female ; Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative ; Glucose* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Pregnancy ; Rats* ; Skin*

No abstract available.
Corynebacterium*

This study was intended to investigate the risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) in healthy 92 male smokers (mean age: 44.4 +/- 7.8 yrs). We investigated the anthropometric assessment and dietary intake survey for 2 days by 24-recall method, also blood pressure and serum lipids were measured. The average numbers of cigarettes smoking a day were 21.3/d, smoking duration were 21.5 years. The proportion of fat energy was 24.9% and intakes of vitamin B2, folate, calcium, potassum and fiber were lower than KDRI. The body mass index (BMI) and body fat % were 24.8, 23.9% respectively. The systolic (134.1 +/- 1.4 mmHg) and the diastolic blood (87.9 +/- 1.1 mmHg) pressure were in borderline hypertension. Among biochemical parameters, TG (173.6 +/- 9.4 mg/dL) and fasting blood glucose (109.0 +/- 2.4 mg/dL) levels were out of normal values. The most occurred problem among the risk factors related to MS was the borderline hypertension (63%) in subjects. Regarding the correlations of anthropometric data with biochemical factors, TG was significantly correlated with the BMI, body fat % and waist circumference. Smoking years showed positive correlation with AI. These results suggest that the smoking habit has significant relations with the risk factors of MS. Therefore, quitting is necessary to prevent MS, and nutrition education and dietary management program are required to prevent the degenerative disease.
Adipose Tissue ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Calcium ; Fasting ; Folic Acid ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Male ; Reference Values ; Riboflavin ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Tobacco Products ; Waist Circumference

BACKGROUND: Hyponatremia in the elderly, one of the most common disorders seen in the emergency room (ER), has been shown to have a poor prognosis if treated improperly. However, it often is a challenge to detect because of its varying symptoms. This study aimed to improve the diagnosis and management of severe hyponatremia in the ER by analyzing clinical characteristics and patterns according to patient age. METHODS: Of the patients who visited the ER at Asan Medical Center in Seoul from May 1 to October 2006, 151 patients whose blood sodium concentration was 120 mEq/L or lower were examined in terms of gender, age, history, major symptoms, history of diuretic uses, and blood tests. RESULTS: The study group included 91 males and 60 females. Of these, 81 (53.6%) were middle-aged and 70 (46.4%) were elderly. For underlying diseases, 58 (38.4%) had liver disease and 79 (52.3%) had cancer. In the elderly group, more patients (21, 30%) visited the ER with neurological disturbances than with gastrointestinal symptoms (13, 18.6%); and more elderly patients (14, 20%) presented with serious hyponatremia (blood sodium concentration 110 or lower) than middle-aged patients (6, 7.4%). CONCLUSION: In the elderly, many patients visiting the ER did not have any underlying disease but were suffering from more severe hyponatremia. The major symptoms observed included neurological disturbances such as impaired consciousness and generalized weakness. The elderly can easily develop serious hyponatremia with accompanying neurologic disturbances. The emergency physician, having a high level of suspicion, should make a quick diagnosis and manage these patients appropriately.
Aged ; Consciousness ; Emergencies ; Female ; Hematologic Tests ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Liver Diseases ; Male ; Prognosis ; Sodium ; Stress, Psychological