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Epidermal Cyst* ; Melanins*

With the advancement in modern information technology, virtual reality (VR) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. Recently, a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia has been recognized as a new medical technology in South Korea. This might lead to an increase in the use of VR in the field of psychiatry. The present review provides an overview of the status of VR therapies in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, addiction, and eating disorder. Besides, it summarizes the role of VR therapy in the management of disorders associated with child and adolescence psychiatry as well as various other clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the merits and limitations of VR therapy, which might serve as a useful reference for researchers. In the current environment wherein novel medical models consisting of a combination of digital devices and medicine are being developed; understanding new technologies such as VR could open new doors to mental health treatments.

With the advancement in modern information technology, virtual reality (VR) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. Recently, a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia has been recognized as a new medical technology in South Korea. This might lead to an increase in the use of VR in the field of psychiatry. The present review provides an overview of the status of VR therapies in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, addiction, and eating disorder. Besides, it summarizes the role of VR therapy in the management of disorders associated with child and adolescence psychiatry as well as various other clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the merits and limitations of VR therapy, which might serve as a useful reference for researchers. In the current environment wherein novel medical models consisting of a combination of digital devices and medicine are being developed; understanding new technologies such as VR could open new doors to mental health treatments.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the concrete educational needs of visiting nurses working in a community health setting in Korea. Methods: We conducted four focus group interviews from October 7 to October 18, 2021. Twenty-five visiting nurses who worked in public health centers were recruited through purposive sampling. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Results: The demands of educational contents for visiting nurse safety management practical training were: (1) coping with physical and verbal violence, (2) coping with sexual violence, (3) infection control for infectious diseases with a high prevalence in the community, and (4) preventing and coping with animal bites during home visits. In addition, visiting nurses suggested training programs that comprised: (1) case-based learning, (2) short video clips, and (3) recurrent integrated education. Conclusion Safety management training programs for visiting nurses should be implemented to the extent that they add no burden on their workload and are easily accessible at any time. In addition, training programs should be based on actual cases and be focused on contents that can be applied in home visit situations. A practical safety management training program should be developed based on the educational needs of visiting nurses, as identified through this study.

Advancements in digital technology have led to increased usage of digital devices among teenagers. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the subsequent implementation of social distancing policies have further accelerated this change. Consequently, a new concept called the metaverse has emerged. The metaverse is a combination of a virtual reality universe that allows individuals to meet, socialize, work, play, entertain, and create. This review provides an overview of the concept and main features of the metaverse and examples of its utilization in the real world. It also explains the unique developmental characteristics of childhood and adolescence, as well as the possible negative influences of the metaverse on them, including addiction, antisocial behavior, cyberbullying, and identity confusion.This review summarizes several suggestions for future research because the metaverse is a relatively new concept.

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to 1) develope web-based information program for the patients undergoing lumbar discectomy, and 2) test the effectiveness of web-based information program for improving patients knowledge level on lumbar discectomy. METHODS: First, to improve the validity of contents of web-based program, the information needs were identified from 30 patients admitted for lumbar discectomy and experts' validation of preliminary contents of program was performed. Second, satisfaction level of the developed program was measured by 15 experts and 20 patients. Finally, the outcome of web-based program was compared by each of 20 lumbar discectomy patients allocated to experimental group (EG) and control group(CG) in term of knowledge level. RESULTS: The web-based program was developed with 24 screens categorized 6 categories. Satisfaction scores on information relevance and information usefulness of experts were higher than those of patients. The EG's scores on knowledge level was significantly higher than those of CG. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that web-based information program is more effective tool than the traditional education method to enhancing knowledge level. We suggest that various web-based programs for other patient groups expecting surgeries should be developed in order to satisfy the patients' needs more effectively.
Diskectomy ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the level of functional health literacy and its influence on perceived health status in Korean older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Daegu, Kyungpook and Busan province. A total of 103 older adults aged 65 yr or older were interviewed in person between July 1 to August 30, 2007. RESULTS: A high proportion of older adults were unable to read and understand written basic medical instructions. Only 40-50% were able to comprehend directions for taking medication four times a day or on an empty stomach. Only 11-38% were able to understand information regarding treatment procedure, informed consent, or educational material for elderly fall prevention. Individuals who were older, single, and had less education and income were more likely to have lower functional health literacy. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, individuals with lower health literacy had poorly perceived health status. CONCLUSION: Many Korean older adults have a very low level of fuctional literacy. Low health literacy was independently associated with poorly perceived health status.
Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; *Educational Status ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; *Health Status ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Korea ; Male ; Socioeconomic Factors

PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of emotional labor and workplace violence on various physical and mental health outcomes among female workers. METHODS: We obtained data from 24,760 female workers who participated in the 4th Korean Working Conditions Survey (2014). Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the relationships. RESULTS: Female emotional workers were more exposed to workplace violence than were female non-emotional workers. Verbal abuse was the most common type of workplace violence. Logistic regression analyses revealed that (1) emotional labor was significantly associated with higher odds of having musculoskeletal or abdominal pain (physical health outcomes), along with overall fatigue (a mental health outcome), and (2) workplace violence experiences were significantly associated with higher odds of musculoskeletal pain, headache/eye strain, abdominal pain, depression/anxiety disorder, overall fatigue, and insomnia/sleep disturbance, after controlling for covariates. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that both emotional labor and workplace violence have negative effects on physical and mental health. However, workplace violence experience has a stronger negative impact on health outcomes than does emotional labor alone. A management system to eradicate workplace violence and programs aimed at managing emotional labor are urgently needed at the organizational level.
Abdominal Pain ; Fatigue ; Female* ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Mental Health* ; Musculoskeletal Pain ; Workplace Violence*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the values of a death education program developed to improve life satisfaction and attitude toward death in college students. METHODS: The death education program was developed and then used with 22 college students for 5 weeks, once a week for 150 min. Before and after the intervention, students responded a questionnaire developed to measure life satisfaction and attitude toward death. t-test, chi-square-test, and paired t-test with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The death education program significantly improved life satisfaction but had no statistically significant effect on attitude toward death. There was a significant difference in life satisfaction between the experimental and control groups but not in attitude toward death. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, it is apparent that the death education program has an affirmative effect on life satisfaction in college students and some impact on attitude toward death. We suggest, therefore, that the death education program should be used with all human beings to help them recognize the values of themselves and their current lives and improve their satisfaction with life.
*Attitude to Death ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Models, Educational ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Program Development ; Questionnaires ; Students/*psychology ; Universities ; Young Adult