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Epidermal Cyst* ; Melanins*

With the advancement in modern information technology, virtual reality (VR) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. Recently, a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia has been recognized as a new medical technology in South Korea. This might lead to an increase in the use of VR in the field of psychiatry. The present review provides an overview of the status of VR therapies in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, addiction, and eating disorder. Besides, it summarizes the role of VR therapy in the management of disorders associated with child and adolescence psychiatry as well as various other clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the merits and limitations of VR therapy, which might serve as a useful reference for researchers. In the current environment wherein novel medical models consisting of a combination of digital devices and medicine are being developed; understanding new technologies such as VR could open new doors to mental health treatments.

With the advancement in modern information technology, virtual reality (VR) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders. Recently, a VR-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social phobia has been recognized as a new medical technology in South Korea. This might lead to an increase in the use of VR in the field of psychiatry. The present review provides an overview of the status of VR therapies in various psychiatric conditions such as anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, psychosis, addiction, and eating disorder. Besides, it summarizes the role of VR therapy in the management of disorders associated with child and adolescence psychiatry as well as various other clinical applications. Additionally, we discuss the merits and limitations of VR therapy, which might serve as a useful reference for researchers. In the current environment wherein novel medical models consisting of a combination of digital devices and medicine are being developed; understanding new technologies such as VR could open new doors to mental health treatments.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the concrete educational needs of visiting nurses working in a community health setting in Korea. Methods: We conducted four focus group interviews from October 7 to October 18, 2021. Twenty-five visiting nurses who worked in public health centers were recruited through purposive sampling. A qualitative content analysis was used to analyze the interview data. Results: The demands of educational contents for visiting nurse safety management practical training were: (1) coping with physical and verbal violence, (2) coping with sexual violence, (3) infection control for infectious diseases with a high prevalence in the community, and (4) preventing and coping with animal bites during home visits. In addition, visiting nurses suggested training programs that comprised: (1) case-based learning, (2) short video clips, and (3) recurrent integrated education. Conclusion Safety management training programs for visiting nurses should be implemented to the extent that they add no burden on their workload and are easily accessible at any time. In addition, training programs should be based on actual cases and be focused on contents that can be applied in home visit situations. A practical safety management training program should be developed based on the educational needs of visiting nurses, as identified through this study.

Advancements in digital technology have led to increased usage of digital devices among teenagers. The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic and the subsequent implementation of social distancing policies have further accelerated this change. Consequently, a new concept called the metaverse has emerged. The metaverse is a combination of a virtual reality universe that allows individuals to meet, socialize, work, play, entertain, and create. This review provides an overview of the concept and main features of the metaverse and examples of its utilization in the real world. It also explains the unique developmental characteristics of childhood and adolescence, as well as the possible negative influences of the metaverse on them, including addiction, antisocial behavior, cyberbullying, and identity confusion.This review summarizes several suggestions for future research because the metaverse is a relatively new concept.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the values of a death education program developed to improve life satisfaction and attitude toward death in college students. METHODS: The death education program was developed and then used with 22 college students for 5 weeks, once a week for 150 min. Before and after the intervention, students responded a questionnaire developed to measure life satisfaction and attitude toward death. t-test, chi-square-test, and paired t-test with the SPSS program were used to analyze the data. RESULTS: The death education program significantly improved life satisfaction but had no statistically significant effect on attitude toward death. There was a significant difference in life satisfaction between the experimental and control groups but not in attitude toward death. CONCLUSION: Based on the above results, it is apparent that the death education program has an affirmative effect on life satisfaction in college students and some impact on attitude toward death. We suggest, therefore, that the death education program should be used with all human beings to help them recognize the values of themselves and their current lives and improve their satisfaction with life.
*Attitude to Death ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Interviews as Topic ; Male ; Models, Educational ; *Personal Satisfaction ; Program Development ; Questionnaires ; Students/*psychology ; Universities ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVES: The purposes of this study were to 1) develope web-based information program for the patients undergoing lumbar discectomy, and 2) test the effectiveness of web-based information program for improving patients knowledge level on lumbar discectomy. METHODS: First, to improve the validity of contents of web-based program, the information needs were identified from 30 patients admitted for lumbar discectomy and experts' validation of preliminary contents of program was performed. Second, satisfaction level of the developed program was measured by 15 experts and 20 patients. Finally, the outcome of web-based program was compared by each of 20 lumbar discectomy patients allocated to experimental group (EG) and control group(CG) in term of knowledge level. RESULTS: The web-based program was developed with 24 screens categorized 6 categories. Satisfaction scores on information relevance and information usefulness of experts were higher than those of patients. The EG's scores on knowledge level was significantly higher than those of CG. CONCLUSIONS: We can conclude that web-based information program is more effective tool than the traditional education method to enhancing knowledge level. We suggest that various web-based programs for other patient groups expecting surgeries should be developed in order to satisfy the patients' needs more effectively.
Diskectomy ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the importance and contribution of 9 nursing outcomes and their indicators that could be applied to cerebrovascular patients. METHODS: Data were collected from 175 neurosurgical nurses working at two university affiliated hospitals and five secondary hospitals located in Gwang-ju. The Fehring method was used to estimate outcome content validity(OCV) and outcome sensitivity validity(OSV) of nursing outcomes and their indicators. Stepwise regression was used to evaluate relationship between outcome and its indicators. RESULTS: The core outcomes identified by the OCV were Tissue Perfusion: Cerebral, Nutritional Status, Neurological Status, and Wound Healing: Primary Intention, whereas highly supportive outcomes identified by the OSV were Oral Health, Self-Care: ADL, and Nutritional Status. All the critical indicators selected for Fehring method were not included in stepwise regression model. By stepwise regression analysis, the indicators explained outcomes from 19% to 52% in importance and from 21% to 45% in contribution. CONCLUSION: This study identified core and supportive outcomes and their indicators which could be useful to assess the physical status of cerebrovascular patients. Further research is needed for the revision and development of nursing outcomes and their indicators at neurological nursing area.
Activities of Daily Living ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Humans ; Intention ; Nutritional Status ; Oral Health

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the importance and performance of nursing interventions linked to five nursing diagnoses in CVA patients. METHODS: First, total 37 nursing diagnoses were identified from the analysis of 78 nursing records of CVA patients, and then top 5 diagnoses were mapped with nursing interventions. Second, each intervention was compared in terms of importance and performance by 80 nurses working at neurosurgical units from 5 general hospitals. Data were analyzed using mean, SD, and t-test using the SPSS program. RESULTS: Selected the top five nursing diagnoses were Acute Pain, Risk for Disuse Syndrome, Decreased Intracranial Adaptive Capacity, Ineffective Cerebral Tissue Perfusion and Acute Confusion. In general, most of the interventions were scored higher in importance than performance and most of independent interventions were not performed as frequently as it perceived in importance. The interventions which scored high in performance were the interventions ordered by physician or interventions related to medication behavior. CONCLUSION: We identified which nursing interventions should be performed more frequently and more critically important to nursing diagnoses. We recommend further research that enhances the performance of nursing interventions to provide better quality of nursing services to the patients in practice.
Acute Pain ; Cerebrovascular Disorders ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Nursing Diagnosis ; Nursing Process ; Nursing Records ; Nursing Services ; Perfusion