No abstract available.
Calcinosis ; Calcium ; Calcium Gluconate ; Gluconates ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

PURPOSE: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) leads to death if the patient does not receive emergency treatment. Thus it is very important to recognize the symptoms in the early stage. The purpose of this study was to identify clusters of symptoms that represent AMI in Koreans. METHODS: The study used a retrospective, descriptive design with secondary data analysis. Data were abstracted from 725 medical records of AMI patients admitted from June 1, 2006 to August 15, 2014 at a university hospital. RESULTS: Analysis of the AMI symptoms revealed five symptom clusters; Cluster 1 (n=140): middle chest pain (100%), shortness of breath, and cold sweating, Cluster 2 (n=256): substernal pain (100%), cold sweating, and shortness of breath, Cluster 3 (n=47): substernal pain (95.7%), left arm pain, shortness of breath, cold sweating, left shoulder pain, right arm pain, and the lower neck pain, Cluster 4 (n=212): shortness of breath (28.3%), left chest pain, and upper abdominal pain, and Cluster 5 (n=70): cold sweating (100%), left chest pain, shortness of breath, left shoulder pain, and upper abdominal pain. Length of hospital stay and mortality rate were significantly different according to symptom clusters (F=2.52, p=.040; F=3.62, p=.006, respectively). CONCLUSION: Symptom clusters of AMI from this study can be used for AMI patients in order to recognize their symptoms at an early stage. The study findings should be considered when developing educational prevention programs for Koreans with AMI.
Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Magnetic Resonance Angiography ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction/mortality/*pathology ; Republic of Korea ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Syndrome

No abstract available.
Child* ; Granular Cell Tumor* ; Humans

The effects of C-phycocyanin (C-pc), a phycobiliprotein, on the expression of pro-fibrotic mediators in hyper-tropic scarring such as connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and α-smooth muscle actins (α-SMA) were investigated in relation to trans-differentiation of fibroblast to myo-fibroblast, an icon of scar formation. C-pc was isolated from Spirulina Platensis extract using sonication method and C-pc concentration was determined by Bennet and Bogorad equation. α-SMA and CTGF levels in wounded primary human dermal fibroblasts were determined by western blot analysis and immuno-fluorescence confocal microscope was employed. Fibroblast contractility was examined by three-dimensional collagen lattice contraction assay. There was an elevation of α-SMA (121%) and CTGF (143%) levels in wound cells as compared with non-wound cells. The does-response profiles of down regulation demonstrated that the maximum inhibitions of α-SMA by 63% (p<0.05) and CTGF by 50% (p<0.1) were achieved by C-pc (6 nM) treated cells. In confocal assay, non-wound fibroblasts exhibited basal level of α-SMA staining, while wounded cells without C-pc treatment showed strong up-regulation of α-SMA by 147% (p<0.05). C-pc (6 nM) inhibited α-SMA expression by 70% (p<0.05) and reduced collagen contraction by 29% (p<0.05). C-pc seemed to lessen the over expression of CTGF, α-SMA, subsequently alleviating the fibrotic contracture. This study suggests the potential application of C-pc to regulation of the expression of pro-fibrotic mediators in scarring process and its potential usage as an efficient means for anti-fibrosis therapy.
Actins* ; Blotting, Western ; Cicatrix ; Collagen ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor* ; Connective Tissue* ; Contracture ; Down-Regulation ; Fibroblasts ; Humans ; Methods ; Myofibroblasts ; Phycocyanin* ; Sonication ; Spirulina ; Up-Regulation ; Wound Healing ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Bowen's Disease* ; Porokeratosis*

OBJECTIVE: Hyperprolactinemia is common side effect associated with antipsychotics use. Nevertheless, hyperprolactinemia is relatively neglected by clinician. Especially, there is no study related to amisulpride-induced hyperprolactinemia in korea. This study aimed to determine whether amisulpride can be induced hyperprolactinemia in Korean psychiatric patients. METHODS: This study methodology consisted of a retrospective review of medical charts and prolactin levels. Serum prolactin levels were measured in 24 Korean patients(12 males and 12 females) with psychosis who were treated over 400mg of amisulpride per day. RESULTS: All patients had hyperprolactinemia. Prolactin levels significantly increased after receiving amisulpride(z=-3.702, p=0.000). The prolactin level was significantly higher in females(156.29+/-63.75ng/mL) than in males(69.04+/-39.91ng/mL) after administering amisulpride(p=0.000). There was a correlation between dosage and prolactin levels(r=0.61, p=0.002). However, there was no correlation between duration of treatment and prolactin levels. CONCLUSIONS: Antipsychotics, especially amisulpride can increase serum prolactin levels and may results in short and long term side effects. Routine clinical assessment of initial and additional prolactin level and associated symptoms should be done.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Humans ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Korea ; Male ; Prolactin ; Psychotic Disorders ; Retrospective Studies ; Sulpiride

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory on the gambling addiction process in adults who experienced domestic violence in childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 20 adults from May 1st to August 30th, 2020. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology as suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of this study was revealed to be ‘becoming addicted to gambling to avoid the physical and emotional pain caused by childhood domestic violence and be rewarded’. The core phenomenon was ‘struggle from pain’, which was derived from casual and contextual conditions: ‘ruthless physical violence’, ‘intolerable psychological pain’, and ‘bystand of violence’, ‘family addiction problem’. ‘parental immoral attitude’, The action and interaction strategies were ‘making money by any means’, and ‘gambling to forget the pain’. The intervening conditions affecting them were ‘a distorted view of money’, ‘resignation to helpless’, and ‘avoiding emotional distress’. The phases abbreviated through the produced process were the trauma phase, the avoidance phase, and the addiction phase. Conclusion Adults became addicted to gambling as a manifestation of distorted compensation mentality in an attempt to avoid the physical and emotional trauma of domestic violence in childhood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify how women who were adult children of alcoholics and spouses of alcoholics had grown up in difficult situations and found the meaning of life. Methods: This study used a life history research method and data were collected from three participants who are adult children of alcoholics and spouses of alcoholics. In-depth interviews with each participant were conducted three times from September to October 2020. Results: In this study, ‘realm of life’ includes taking care of the family like a young hero, difficulty in express one’s feelings and desire, facing the problems of the family at stake. ‘Turning point’ meeting a role model overcoming addiction problems, sharing one’s story in the Therapeutic Community, self-awareness to live independently not as a victim. ‘Adaptation’ includes recognizing and expressing one’s thoughts and feelings, trying to separate from the family psychologically and spatially, reinterpretation of one’s life and discovery of the meaning of life. Conclusion Their meaning of life was to love and respect themselves, make responsible choices in their circumstances, break the inheritance of addiction and had a healthy family life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an existential meaning therapy program that helps them find the meaning of life and recover to their original self.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a theory on the gambling addiction process in adults who experienced domestic violence in childhood. Methods: Data were collected from 20 adults from May 1st to August 30th, 2020. Data were analyzed using grounded theory methodology as suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of this study was revealed to be ‘becoming addicted to gambling to avoid the physical and emotional pain caused by childhood domestic violence and be rewarded’. The core phenomenon was ‘struggle from pain’, which was derived from casual and contextual conditions: ‘ruthless physical violence’, ‘intolerable psychological pain’, and ‘bystand of violence’, ‘family addiction problem’. ‘parental immoral attitude’, The action and interaction strategies were ‘making money by any means’, and ‘gambling to forget the pain’. The intervening conditions affecting them were ‘a distorted view of money’, ‘resignation to helpless’, and ‘avoiding emotional distress’. The phases abbreviated through the produced process were the trauma phase, the avoidance phase, and the addiction phase. Conclusion Adults became addicted to gambling as a manifestation of distorted compensation mentality in an attempt to avoid the physical and emotional trauma of domestic violence in childhood.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify how women who were adult children of alcoholics and spouses of alcoholics had grown up in difficult situations and found the meaning of life. Methods: This study used a life history research method and data were collected from three participants who are adult children of alcoholics and spouses of alcoholics. In-depth interviews with each participant were conducted three times from September to October 2020. Results: In this study, ‘realm of life’ includes taking care of the family like a young hero, difficulty in express one’s feelings and desire, facing the problems of the family at stake. ‘Turning point’ meeting a role model overcoming addiction problems, sharing one’s story in the Therapeutic Community, self-awareness to live independently not as a victim. ‘Adaptation’ includes recognizing and expressing one’s thoughts and feelings, trying to separate from the family psychologically and spatially, reinterpretation of one’s life and discovery of the meaning of life. Conclusion Their meaning of life was to love and respect themselves, make responsible choices in their circumstances, break the inheritance of addiction and had a healthy family life. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an existential meaning therapy program that helps them find the meaning of life and recover to their original self.