Yonsei University College of Medicine (YUCM) adopted a criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) system in 2014. Six cohorts have graduated over the past decade under CRA. Positive impacts on student wellness and academic achievement were observed during the system’s initial years, and this study therefore aimed to analyze the changing perceptions of graduating students who experienced CRA to reflect YUCM’s experience of CRA implementation and suggest future directions and insights. Utilizing self-reporting graduation survey data of 621 graduates from 2018 to 2023, eight items regarding perceptions of CRA were examined with analysis of variance to explore changes in perceptions among the graduates, and short answers were also reviewed to investigate keywords and main themes. The CRA grading system positively influenced students’ learning motivation, level of class participation, cooperative attitudes, and self-directed attitudes. In particular, students’ perceptions of cooperative attitudes significantly improved from 2018 (3.97) to 2023 (4.46). The system also had a positive impact on students’ interest in conducting research from 2018 (3.04) to 2023 (3.56). Students’ perceptions of validity significantly increased from 2018 (3.40) to 2023 (3.92), and the perceptions of reliability also increased from 2018 (3.38) to 2023 (3.65), although the inter-year changes were not statistically significant. This study on graduating students’ changing perceptions of the CRA at YUCM aligned with the intended goals and context of its introduction and implementation. Ongoing improvements in fairness and reliability are required to enhance students’ perceptions of the system’s credibility, necessitating ongoing education and improvement efforts. Further studies on the positive and negative factors influencing perceptions of CRA are required to derive insights for system improvement.

Yonsei University College of Medicine (YUCM) adopted a criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) system in 2014. Six cohorts have graduated over the past decade under CRA. Positive impacts on student wellness and academic achievement were observed during the system’s initial years, and this study therefore aimed to analyze the changing perceptions of graduating students who experienced CRA to reflect YUCM’s experience of CRA implementation and suggest future directions and insights. Utilizing self-reporting graduation survey data of 621 graduates from 2018 to 2023, eight items regarding perceptions of CRA were examined with analysis of variance to explore changes in perceptions among the graduates, and short answers were also reviewed to investigate keywords and main themes. The CRA grading system positively influenced students’ learning motivation, level of class participation, cooperative attitudes, and self-directed attitudes. In particular, students’ perceptions of cooperative attitudes significantly improved from 2018 (3.97) to 2023 (4.46). The system also had a positive impact on students’ interest in conducting research from 2018 (3.04) to 2023 (3.56). Students’ perceptions of validity significantly increased from 2018 (3.40) to 2023 (3.92), and the perceptions of reliability also increased from 2018 (3.38) to 2023 (3.65), although the inter-year changes were not statistically significant. This study on graduating students’ changing perceptions of the CRA at YUCM aligned with the intended goals and context of its introduction and implementation. Ongoing improvements in fairness and reliability are required to enhance students’ perceptions of the system’s credibility, necessitating ongoing education and improvement efforts. Further studies on the positive and negative factors influencing perceptions of CRA are required to derive insights for system improvement.

Yonsei University College of Medicine (YUCM) adopted a criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) system in 2014. Six cohorts have graduated over the past decade under CRA. Positive impacts on student wellness and academic achievement were observed during the system’s initial years, and this study therefore aimed to analyze the changing perceptions of graduating students who experienced CRA to reflect YUCM’s experience of CRA implementation and suggest future directions and insights. Utilizing self-reporting graduation survey data of 621 graduates from 2018 to 2023, eight items regarding perceptions of CRA were examined with analysis of variance to explore changes in perceptions among the graduates, and short answers were also reviewed to investigate keywords and main themes. The CRA grading system positively influenced students’ learning motivation, level of class participation, cooperative attitudes, and self-directed attitudes. In particular, students’ perceptions of cooperative attitudes significantly improved from 2018 (3.97) to 2023 (4.46). The system also had a positive impact on students’ interest in conducting research from 2018 (3.04) to 2023 (3.56). Students’ perceptions of validity significantly increased from 2018 (3.40) to 2023 (3.92), and the perceptions of reliability also increased from 2018 (3.38) to 2023 (3.65), although the inter-year changes were not statistically significant. This study on graduating students’ changing perceptions of the CRA at YUCM aligned with the intended goals and context of its introduction and implementation. Ongoing improvements in fairness and reliability are required to enhance students’ perceptions of the system’s credibility, necessitating ongoing education and improvement efforts. Further studies on the positive and negative factors influencing perceptions of CRA are required to derive insights for system improvement.

Yonsei University College of Medicine (YUCM) adopted a criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) system in 2014. Six cohorts have graduated over the past decade under CRA. Positive impacts on student wellness and academic achievement were observed during the system’s initial years, and this study therefore aimed to analyze the changing perceptions of graduating students who experienced CRA to reflect YUCM’s experience of CRA implementation and suggest future directions and insights. Utilizing self-reporting graduation survey data of 621 graduates from 2018 to 2023, eight items regarding perceptions of CRA were examined with analysis of variance to explore changes in perceptions among the graduates, and short answers were also reviewed to investigate keywords and main themes. The CRA grading system positively influenced students’ learning motivation, level of class participation, cooperative attitudes, and self-directed attitudes. In particular, students’ perceptions of cooperative attitudes significantly improved from 2018 (3.97) to 2023 (4.46). The system also had a positive impact on students’ interest in conducting research from 2018 (3.04) to 2023 (3.56). Students’ perceptions of validity significantly increased from 2018 (3.40) to 2023 (3.92), and the perceptions of reliability also increased from 2018 (3.38) to 2023 (3.65), although the inter-year changes were not statistically significant. This study on graduating students’ changing perceptions of the CRA at YUCM aligned with the intended goals and context of its introduction and implementation. Ongoing improvements in fairness and reliability are required to enhance students’ perceptions of the system’s credibility, necessitating ongoing education and improvement efforts. Further studies on the positive and negative factors influencing perceptions of CRA are required to derive insights for system improvement.

Yonsei University College of Medicine (YUCM) adopted a criterion-referenced assessment (CRA) system in 2014. Six cohorts have graduated over the past decade under CRA. Positive impacts on student wellness and academic achievement were observed during the system’s initial years, and this study therefore aimed to analyze the changing perceptions of graduating students who experienced CRA to reflect YUCM’s experience of CRA implementation and suggest future directions and insights. Utilizing self-reporting graduation survey data of 621 graduates from 2018 to 2023, eight items regarding perceptions of CRA were examined with analysis of variance to explore changes in perceptions among the graduates, and short answers were also reviewed to investigate keywords and main themes. The CRA grading system positively influenced students’ learning motivation, level of class participation, cooperative attitudes, and self-directed attitudes. In particular, students’ perceptions of cooperative attitudes significantly improved from 2018 (3.97) to 2023 (4.46). The system also had a positive impact on students’ interest in conducting research from 2018 (3.04) to 2023 (3.56). Students’ perceptions of validity significantly increased from 2018 (3.40) to 2023 (3.92), and the perceptions of reliability also increased from 2018 (3.38) to 2023 (3.65), although the inter-year changes were not statistically significant. This study on graduating students’ changing perceptions of the CRA at YUCM aligned with the intended goals and context of its introduction and implementation. Ongoing improvements in fairness and reliability are required to enhance students’ perceptions of the system’s credibility, necessitating ongoing education and improvement efforts. Further studies on the positive and negative factors influencing perceptions of CRA are required to derive insights for system improvement.

Objective: Penetrating brain injury occurs when an object enters the skull and pierces the brain. These injuries can damage small or large parts of the brain, are life-threatening, and require emergency care. This study is a summary of penetrating head injuries at our hospital and an analysis of their treatments and prognoses. Methods: Patients with penetrating brain involving the orbit and/or cranial region were recruited among patients with trauma who visited our regional trauma center between 2019 and 2022. Results: Eight patients with penetrating brain injuries were enrolled. One patient was female; the median age was 53 years (range, 24–72 years). Five patients with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores of 14 or 15 showed no major vessel injury or midline intracranial involvement on imaging and were discharged safely. The other three patients with suspected major vessel injuries and midline involvement did not survive. Conclusion The greatest influences on patient prognosis were the area of damage and level of consciousness, along with the GCS score at the time of the visit. The probability of survival is extremely low if the midline structure is damaged.

Echovirus 6 (ECV6) is the prevalent serotype detected in aseptic meningitis cases in Korea. To analyze the genetic variation of ECV6 isolates recently circulating in Korea, we determined the partial sequence of the VP1 capsid gene from 22 Korean ECV6 isolates and performed pairwise analysis against 42 reference strains from the GenBank database using MegAlign. The 22 Korean ECV6 isolates formed 3 distinct genetic clusters: Kor-lineage I, II, and III. The Korean ECV6 strains showed significant genetic diversity with 14.8~22.8% nucleotide divergence among the 3 different lineages. These ECV6 Kor-lineages were demonstrated to belong to different genetic clusters using VP1 sequence-based phylogenetic analysis, implying that the recently circulating Korean ECV6 strains have potential antigenic variation.
Antigenic Variation ; Capsid ; Databases, Nucleic Acid ; Echovirus 6, Human ; Enterovirus B, Human ; Genetic Variation ; Korea ; Meningitis, Aseptic

PURPOSE: To clarify the difference between the bolus-tracking technique and a fixed scan delay protocol in the achievement of the optimal pancreatic phase of the pancreas with MDCT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 526 patients underwent pancreatic and portal venous phase imaging of the pancreas using 16-channel MDCT. All the examinations were randomized into either scanning using a bolus-tracking technique with a scan delay of 20s after the aorta was enhanced > 100 HU (groups 1 and 2) or scanning with a scan delay of 38 s from the beginning of the injection (groups 3 and 4). A contrast material of 300 mgI/mL (groups 1 and 3) or 370 mgI/mL (groups 2 and 4) at an injection speed of 3 mL/sec was injected at 2 mL/kg body weight. The pancreatic CT attenuation values were compared. RESULTS: The scan delay times of the pancreatic phase in groups 1 and 2 were 38+/-3.8s and 37.4+/-3.4s, respectively. At the pancreatic phase, the pancreatic attenuation values of groups 1 and 2 were slightly higher than those of groups 3 and 4 (115.5+/-15.4 vs 111.7+/-15.1HU; p=0.093, 128.3+/-17.1 vs 119+/-17.1HU; p=0.003). There was no significant difference between groups at the portal venous phase. CONCLUSION: The use of a bolus-tracking technique in the optimal pancreatic phase of pancreatic CT does not significantly improve the pancreatic enhancement but does at higher iodine concentrations.
Aorta ; Body Weight ; Humans ; Iodine ; Pancreas*

BACKGROUND: Enteroviruses are known as major pathogen for aseptic meningitis. Although rapid diagnosis for enteroviruses is very essential to exclude bacterial infections in patients with meningitis, classical diagnostic method based on virus isolation is not practicable for timely treatment of patients due to its laborious and time-consuming procedure. Recently molecular methodologies as alternatives are routinely used for rapid and sensitive diagnosis for enteroviruses infections. METHODS: Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR ELISA kit for targeting 5'non-coding region (NCR) with highly conserved genetic identity among all genotypes of enteroviruses was introduced in this investigation. RT-PCR ELISA was evaluated about sensitivity and specificity through virus isolation using clinical specimens from patients suspected of enteroviral infections and enteroviral isolates comparing with conventional RT-PCR identifying them. RESULTS: The detection limit of the RT-PCR ELISA was up to 10-100 folds higher than virus isolation using cell culture and conventional RT-PCR. On comparison between above two methods, the detection rate of RT-PCR ELISA for clinical specimens from patients with aseptic meningitis was 7% higher than that of conventional RT-PCR targeting 5'NCR (P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that RT-PCR ELISA developed in this study could be an alternative diagnostic method for the detection of enteroviral genome with high sensitivity and specificity.
5' Untranslated Regions ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Enterovirus/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Enterovirus Infections/*diagnosis ; *Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Humans ; Infant ; Meningitis, Aseptic/diagnosis ; RNA, Viral/analysis ; *Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rotavirus/genetics ; Rotavirus Infections/diagnosis ; Sensitivity and Specificity

BACKGROUND: Emergencies in dentistry can be classified as medical and dental. Medical emergencies occur mainly during dental treatment in patients with a systemic disease. Dental emergency departments are largely divided into dental emergency rooms located in dental college hospitals and medical emergency rooms located in medical institutions. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of and provide help to dental emergency patients in a dental hospital. METHODS: Overall, 1806 patients admitted to a dental emergency room at Yonsei University Dental Hospital for 1 year were included. The data collection period was from October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015. An investigator reviewed medical records from the electronic medical record (EMR) system and radiographs. RESULTS: The patients were 1,070 men and 736 women. The sex ratio was 1.45:1. The commonest age group was of 0–9 years, including 451 (25.0%) patients, followed by 20–29 years, including 353 (19.5%) patients, and 30–39 years, including 277 (15.3%) patients. Of the 108 patients transferred to the Severance emergency department, 81 had trauma, 19 were in pain, 4 were bleeding, and 4 had other complaints. Among chief complaints, 1,079 patients (60.3%) had trauma, 564 (31.5%) had pain, and 75 (4.2%) had bleeding. Twenty-three cases (1.3%) were caused by temporomandibular disorder (TMD). CONCLUSION: Dentists should be able to adequately assess patients in a dental emergency room and treat trauma, pain, and bleeding.
Data Collection ; Dentistry ; Dentists ; Electronic Health Records ; Emergencies ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Male ; Medical Records ; Research Personnel ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Ratio ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders