PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify effects of self-evaluation using smartphone recording on competency in nursing skills, satisfaction and learning motivations in nursing students'. The setting was the open laboratory hours. METHODS: A quasi-experimental pre/post-test design was conducted in September 2015. The participants were 82 sophomore nursing students from one University. The experimental group did self-evaluation by watching recorded video clips of their performance. The control group did not have any self-evaluation. The primary outcomes were scores from the foley catheterization checklist, scores from a student satisfaction tool, and scores from a learning motivation tool. Data were analyzed using χ² test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test, and paired t-test. RESULTS: There was a significant higher mean score in levels of satisfaction by students in the experimental group compared to the control group (t=2.26, p=.027). In addition, improvement in communication skills by the experimental group was significantly higher than improvement in the control group (t=3.96, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Findings show that self-evaluation using smartphone recordings has positive effects on increasing both communication skills and satisfaction with practice during open laboratory hours. These results indicate that, self-evaluation using smartphone recording is useful as a supplement to traditional open laboratory education.
Checklist ; Clinical Competence ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Education ; Humans ; Learning* ; Motivation ; Nursing* ; Personal Satisfaction ; Self-Assessment ; Smartphone* ; Students, Nursing ; Urinary Catheterization*

Purpose: The authors aimed to identify the factors affecting interhospital transfer (“transfer”) of severe pediatric patients who visited to an emergency department (ED). Methods: Using the Korean National ED Information System, we analyzed high-acuity patients aged 18 years or younger who visited EDs of local or regional emergency centers nationwide. The high acuity was defined as a Korean Triage and Acuity Scale 1-2. To investigate the factors associated with transfer, a multilevel modeling was selected, examining independent variables at both individual- and hospital-levels with transfer as a dependent variable. Results: A model consisting of variables at individual- and hospital-levels showed the factors as follows: mode of arrival(self-transport: odds ratio, 0.48 [95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.61]; other ambulances: 0.41 [0.24-0.71]; compared with firehouse ambulance), visit at 18:00-07:59 (0.75 [0.64-0.88]), intentional injury (1.59 [1.03-2.47]; compared with non-injury), decreased level of consciousness (drowsy: 1.94 [1.33-2.84]; stupor: 4.08 [2.99-5.57]; coma: 1.81 [1.26-2.60]; compared with alert), severe illness diagnosis (1.49 [1.12-1.98]), the number of all beds in EDs (1.02 [1.01-1.04]), and acceptance for treatment (0.92 [0.87-0.98]; with increment of 1%). Conclusion This study confirms that both individual-level and hospital-level factors affect the transfer risk of severe pediatric patients in EDs. The study suggests the needs for direct transportation to specialized pediatric treatment facilities, and concentrated support for the pediatric emergency medical centers and pediatric trauma centers.

Purpose: The authors aimed to identify the factors affecting interhospital transfer (“transfer”) of severe pediatric patients who visited to an emergency department (ED). Methods: Using the Korean National ED Information System, we analyzed high-acuity patients aged 18 years or younger who visited EDs of local or regional emergency centers nationwide. The high acuity was defined as a Korean Triage and Acuity Scale 1-2. To investigate the factors associated with transfer, a multilevel modeling was selected, examining independent variables at both individual- and hospital-levels with transfer as a dependent variable. Results: A model consisting of variables at individual- and hospital-levels showed the factors as follows: mode of arrival(self-transport: odds ratio, 0.48 [95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.61]; other ambulances: 0.41 [0.24-0.71]; compared with firehouse ambulance), visit at 18:00-07:59 (0.75 [0.64-0.88]), intentional injury (1.59 [1.03-2.47]; compared with non-injury), decreased level of consciousness (drowsy: 1.94 [1.33-2.84]; stupor: 4.08 [2.99-5.57]; coma: 1.81 [1.26-2.60]; compared with alert), severe illness diagnosis (1.49 [1.12-1.98]), the number of all beds in EDs (1.02 [1.01-1.04]), and acceptance for treatment (0.92 [0.87-0.98]; with increment of 1%). Conclusion This study confirms that both individual-level and hospital-level factors affect the transfer risk of severe pediatric patients in EDs. The study suggests the needs for direct transportation to specialized pediatric treatment facilities, and concentrated support for the pediatric emergency medical centers and pediatric trauma centers.

Purpose: The authors aimed to identify the factors affecting interhospital transfer (“transfer”) of severe pediatric patients who visited to an emergency department (ED). Methods: Using the Korean National ED Information System, we analyzed high-acuity patients aged 18 years or younger who visited EDs of local or regional emergency centers nationwide. The high acuity was defined as a Korean Triage and Acuity Scale 1-2. To investigate the factors associated with transfer, a multilevel modeling was selected, examining independent variables at both individual- and hospital-levels with transfer as a dependent variable. Results: A model consisting of variables at individual- and hospital-levels showed the factors as follows: mode of arrival(self-transport: odds ratio, 0.48 [95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.61]; other ambulances: 0.41 [0.24-0.71]; compared with firehouse ambulance), visit at 18:00-07:59 (0.75 [0.64-0.88]), intentional injury (1.59 [1.03-2.47]; compared with non-injury), decreased level of consciousness (drowsy: 1.94 [1.33-2.84]; stupor: 4.08 [2.99-5.57]; coma: 1.81 [1.26-2.60]; compared with alert), severe illness diagnosis (1.49 [1.12-1.98]), the number of all beds in EDs (1.02 [1.01-1.04]), and acceptance for treatment (0.92 [0.87-0.98]; with increment of 1%). Conclusion This study confirms that both individual-level and hospital-level factors affect the transfer risk of severe pediatric patients in EDs. The study suggests the needs for direct transportation to specialized pediatric treatment facilities, and concentrated support for the pediatric emergency medical centers and pediatric trauma centers.

Purpose: The authors aimed to identify the factors affecting interhospital transfer (“transfer”) of severe pediatric patients who visited to an emergency department (ED). Methods: Using the Korean National ED Information System, we analyzed high-acuity patients aged 18 years or younger who visited EDs of local or regional emergency centers nationwide. The high acuity was defined as a Korean Triage and Acuity Scale 1-2. To investigate the factors associated with transfer, a multilevel modeling was selected, examining independent variables at both individual- and hospital-levels with transfer as a dependent variable. Results: A model consisting of variables at individual- and hospital-levels showed the factors as follows: mode of arrival(self-transport: odds ratio, 0.48 [95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.61]; other ambulances: 0.41 [0.24-0.71]; compared with firehouse ambulance), visit at 18:00-07:59 (0.75 [0.64-0.88]), intentional injury (1.59 [1.03-2.47]; compared with non-injury), decreased level of consciousness (drowsy: 1.94 [1.33-2.84]; stupor: 4.08 [2.99-5.57]; coma: 1.81 [1.26-2.60]; compared with alert), severe illness diagnosis (1.49 [1.12-1.98]), the number of all beds in EDs (1.02 [1.01-1.04]), and acceptance for treatment (0.92 [0.87-0.98]; with increment of 1%). Conclusion This study confirms that both individual-level and hospital-level factors affect the transfer risk of severe pediatric patients in EDs. The study suggests the needs for direct transportation to specialized pediatric treatment facilities, and concentrated support for the pediatric emergency medical centers and pediatric trauma centers.

Nerve root anomalies are frequently underrecognized regardless of the advances in imaging studies; they are also underappreciated and underreported when encountered surgically. The classification of conjoined nerve roots is based on whether the nerve root emerges at an abnormal level or from an anastomotic branch. In the present report, we describe case with a conjoined nerve root that emerged at a more caudal level than that normally observed that was an undiagnosed on preoperative imaging studies. We also discuss the atypical imaging features obtained through preoperative imaging studies. As observed in the present case, preoperative recognition and diagnosis of such anomalies offer the best opportunity of performing a successful procedure and preventing inadvertent damage to nerve roots intraoperatively.
Classification ; Diagnosis

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility and effectiveness of digital therapeutics for supportive care after gastrectomy.Materials and Method: The study included 39 patients with gastric cancer who underwent minimally invasive gastrectomy and were able to use a mobile application (app) on their smartphones. The developed research app automatically calculates and provides daily targets for calorie and protein intake based on the patient’s body mass index (BMI). Patients recorded their daily diets, weights, and symptoms in the app and completed special questionnaires to assess the feasibility of the app in real-world clinical practice. Results: At the 10-week follow-up, the mean questionnaire scores for ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness of the app (primary endpoint) were 2.32±0.41, 2.35±0.43, and 2.4±0.39 (range: 0–3), respectively. Patients were classified as underweight (<18.5, n=4), normal (18.5–24.9, n=24), or overweight (≥25.0, n=11) according to predischarge BMI.Underweight patients showed higher compliance with app usage and a higher rate of achieving the target calorie and protein intake than normal weight and overweight patients (98% vs. 77% vs. 81%, p=0.0313; 102% vs. 75% vs. 61%, P=0.0111; 106% vs. 79% vs. 64%, P=0.0429). Two patients transitioned from underweight to normal weight (50.0%), one patient (4.3%) transitioned from normal weight to underweight, and two patients (22.2%) transitioned from overweight to normal weight. Conclusions The mobile app is feasible and useful for postoperative supportive care in terms of ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness. Digital therapeutics may be an effective way to provide supportive care for postgastrectomy patients, particularly in terms of nutrition.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility and effectiveness of digital therapeutics for supportive care after gastrectomy.Materials and Method: The study included 39 patients with gastric cancer who underwent minimally invasive gastrectomy and were able to use a mobile application (app) on their smartphones. The developed research app automatically calculates and provides daily targets for calorie and protein intake based on the patient’s body mass index (BMI). Patients recorded their daily diets, weights, and symptoms in the app and completed special questionnaires to assess the feasibility of the app in real-world clinical practice. Results: At the 10-week follow-up, the mean questionnaire scores for ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness of the app (primary endpoint) were 2.32±0.41, 2.35±0.43, and 2.4±0.39 (range: 0–3), respectively. Patients were classified as underweight (<18.5, n=4), normal (18.5–24.9, n=24), or overweight (≥25.0, n=11) according to predischarge BMI.Underweight patients showed higher compliance with app usage and a higher rate of achieving the target calorie and protein intake than normal weight and overweight patients (98% vs. 77% vs. 81%, p=0.0313; 102% vs. 75% vs. 61%, P=0.0111; 106% vs. 79% vs. 64%, P=0.0429). Two patients transitioned from underweight to normal weight (50.0%), one patient (4.3%) transitioned from normal weight to underweight, and two patients (22.2%) transitioned from overweight to normal weight. Conclusions The mobile app is feasible and useful for postoperative supportive care in terms of ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness. Digital therapeutics may be an effective way to provide supportive care for postgastrectomy patients, particularly in terms of nutrition.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility and effectiveness of digital therapeutics for supportive care after gastrectomy.Materials and Method: The study included 39 patients with gastric cancer who underwent minimally invasive gastrectomy and were able to use a mobile application (app) on their smartphones. The developed research app automatically calculates and provides daily targets for calorie and protein intake based on the patient’s body mass index (BMI). Patients recorded their daily diets, weights, and symptoms in the app and completed special questionnaires to assess the feasibility of the app in real-world clinical practice. Results: At the 10-week follow-up, the mean questionnaire scores for ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness of the app (primary endpoint) were 2.32±0.41, 2.35±0.43, and 2.4±0.39 (range: 0–3), respectively. Patients were classified as underweight (<18.5, n=4), normal (18.5–24.9, n=24), or overweight (≥25.0, n=11) according to predischarge BMI.Underweight patients showed higher compliance with app usage and a higher rate of achieving the target calorie and protein intake than normal weight and overweight patients (98% vs. 77% vs. 81%, p=0.0313; 102% vs. 75% vs. 61%, P=0.0111; 106% vs. 79% vs. 64%, P=0.0429). Two patients transitioned from underweight to normal weight (50.0%), one patient (4.3%) transitioned from normal weight to underweight, and two patients (22.2%) transitioned from overweight to normal weight. Conclusions The mobile app is feasible and useful for postoperative supportive care in terms of ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness. Digital therapeutics may be an effective way to provide supportive care for postgastrectomy patients, particularly in terms of nutrition.

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and assess the feasibility and effectiveness of digital therapeutics for supportive care after gastrectomy.Materials and Method: The study included 39 patients with gastric cancer who underwent minimally invasive gastrectomy and were able to use a mobile application (app) on their smartphones. The developed research app automatically calculates and provides daily targets for calorie and protein intake based on the patient’s body mass index (BMI). Patients recorded their daily diets, weights, and symptoms in the app and completed special questionnaires to assess the feasibility of the app in real-world clinical practice. Results: At the 10-week follow-up, the mean questionnaire scores for ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness of the app (primary endpoint) were 2.32±0.41, 2.35±0.43, and 2.4±0.39 (range: 0–3), respectively. Patients were classified as underweight (<18.5, n=4), normal (18.5–24.9, n=24), or overweight (≥25.0, n=11) according to predischarge BMI.Underweight patients showed higher compliance with app usage and a higher rate of achieving the target calorie and protein intake than normal weight and overweight patients (98% vs. 77% vs. 81%, p=0.0313; 102% vs. 75% vs. 61%, P=0.0111; 106% vs. 79% vs. 64%, P=0.0429). Two patients transitioned from underweight to normal weight (50.0%), one patient (4.3%) transitioned from normal weight to underweight, and two patients (22.2%) transitioned from overweight to normal weight. Conclusions The mobile app is feasible and useful for postoperative supportive care in terms of ease of learning, usability, and effectiveness. Digital therapeutics may be an effective way to provide supportive care for postgastrectomy patients, particularly in terms of nutrition.