The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in functional fitness and risk factors for metabolic syndrome after 12 weeks of combined exercise in women of advanced age. Subjects consisted of twenty women of advanced age with metabolic syndrome (Control, 10 ; Combined, 10) whose age was over 75. The combined exercise program included stretching for 20 minutes, aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, resistance training for 15 minutes, and Asana yoga for 15 minutes. Subjects exercised 4 times a week for 12 weeks. We found that LBM (lean body mass) was significantly increased and visceral fat was significantly decreased after 12 weeks. Also, self-reliance fitness and the risk factors for metabolic syndrome were significantly improved after 12 weeks in the combined exercise group. Therefore, it appears that combined exercise plays a positive role in body composition and fitness and reduces the risk factors for metabolic syndrome in women of advanced age.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in health related fitness, β-amyloid and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAs) concentration, in elderly women after 12 weeks of combined exercise. Subjects consisted of fourteen elderly women (control : 7, exercise : 7) whose ages were over 75 yrs and mini mental status examination (MMSE) scores were more than 24. The combined exercise program included stretching for 10 minutes, 30 minutes of low impact aerobic exercise at an intensity above 40∼59% of HRR during 1∼6 weeks and 60∼84% of HRR during 7∼12 weeks, and 20 minutes of resistance exercise composed of muscle strengthening and posture correction. The program was conducted 3 times a week for 12 weeks. We found that peakVO₂ and peakVO₂/weight significantly (P<.05) increased after combined exercise. Also β-amyloid significantly (P<.05) decreased and DHEAs concentration significantly (P2 (r=−0.929, P=0.001) and positively correlated with a change in LDL-C (r=0.799, P=0.031) in the exercise group. The change in DHEAs positively correlated with a change in peakVO₂ (r=0.705, P=0.017) in the exercise group. In conclusion, these results suggest that combined exercise in elderly women (mean age of 75-years) for 12 weeks would play a positive role in cardiopulmonary function, lipid metabolism and dementia risk factors such as β-amyloid and DHEAs.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in maximal oxygen consumption, muscle mass, whole bone mineral density, and risk factors for falls after 24 weeks of multi-component exercise training. Subjects were consisted of forty elderly women from the same community who had an MMSE score higher than 24. The combined exercise program included stretching for 20 minutes, low impact aerobic exercise for 30 minutes, and 30 minutes of resistance training. The program was conducted 3 times a week for 24 weeks. We found that the VO₂max, muscle mass, and BMD of greater trochanter were significantly increased. Balance function and body sway were also significantly improved. Therefore, it appears that increased physical activity through multi-component exercise training plays a positive role in improving body composition and reducing risk factors for falls due to aging.

PURPOSE: This study was done to evaluate the operating status of community-based home health center for revitalization of the centers. METHOD: In this study performance data including organization plan and service utilization plan were evaluated according process theory. Target of evaluation was the community-based home health care center. RESULTS: The vulnerable part of the organization was the information system and financial resources. The home health center introduced PDA (Personal Digital Assistants) in 2005, however home health care nurses did not make full use of it. This service received full support from Seoul city and local government and there were no other sources of income. The vulnerable part of service utilization was service expansion and standardization due to vulnerability of organizational aspects. CONCLUSIONS: The home health care center provides high quality services to underprivileged people. In the future, these services should be provided with equity for continuous health care for this population.
Delivery of Health Care ; Information Systems ; Local Government

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of 12-week combined exercise program on carotid artery structure and function, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in obese older women. All subjects were sixty years or older (66.90±4.2 years), performed the combined exercise training during 12-week consisting of aerobic exercise, band exercise, and yoga exercise for 70 minutes 3 times a week under the supervision of exercise specialist. Despite no statistically significant change in control group, percent body fat mass (3.26 %, p<.01), systolic blood pressure (6.2 mmHg, p<.05), diastolic blood pressure (5.6 mmHg, p<.001), and 10 m maximal walking time (0.56 sec, p<.05), TC (20.5 mg/dl, p<.05), and LDL-C (22.16 mg/dl, p<.05) were significantly decreased respectively after 12-week combined exercise in exercise group. In addition, sit-and-reach (3.6 cm, p<.01), oxygen uptake per weight (3.27 ml/kg/min, p<.05), VEGF (17.85 pg/dl, p<.001), and carotid artery LD (0.4 cm, p<.01), PFV (10.06 cm/sec, p<.05), EFV (6.04 cm/sec, p<.05) were significantly increased in the exercise group than in the control group. The VEGF had the significant correlation with LD (r=.389, p<.01), PFV (r=.427, p<.01), EFV (r=.264, p<.05). In conclusion, 12-week combined exercise program is effective to improve and/or physical function and body composition. And also, exercise can improve serum lipid metabolism, VEGF regulation, and carotid artery function and structure.

Background: : This study explored factors that influence turnover Intention in emergency room nurse. Methods: : A descriptive survey was conducted with 305 nurses working in emergency room of hospitals in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanamdo Province. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression with the SPSS Win 21.0. Results: : Multiple regression analysis found that the factors influencing turnover intention of emergency room nurses were emotional Labor (β=.384). Conclusion : This study shows that emotional labor is an important factor in the emergency room nurse's turnover intention. These findings can be utilized to develop strategies for decreasing emergency room nurse's turnover intention. Therefore, in order to improve the emergency room nurse's turnover intention to change, it is necessary to develop a strategy to lower emotional labor.

BACKGROUND: Skipping family gathered meals, because of lack of time due to increased academic demands, leads to nutritional imbalance and further contributes to obesity among children and teens. This study was conducted to underscore the importance of family gathered meals and to serve as a basis for reducing the prevalence of childhood obesity. METHODS: The relation between frequency of family gathered meals and body mass index-standard deviation score (BMI-SDS) was assessed at 247 elementary students in Gyeonggi-do. Survey based on self reported questionnaire was conducted from April to May of 2013. Parental consents from participants were received and parents were asked to answer the questionnaire together with their children. The questionnaire included questions regarding anthropometric characteristics, socioeconomic informations, number and environmental characteristics of family gathered meals, and eating habits of their children. RESULTS: The average frequency of family gathered breakfast was 3.65+/-2.18 times/week, frequency of family gathered dinner was 6.10+/-1.54 times/week, and frequency of family eating-out was 1.64+/-1.43 times/week. Although the prevalence of family gathered breakfast among the participants was shown to be 51%, the prevalence of skipping breakfast was 14.2%, which was relatively high. The BMI-SDS increased in correlation with less frequent breakfast consumptions (P=0.015) and family gathered breakfasts (P<0.001), also with more frequent family gathered dinners (P=0.001) and family eating-outs (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The eating frequency of breakfast, family gathered breakfast, family gathered dinner, and the family eating-out is associated with BMI-SDS.
Adolescent ; Breakfast ; Child ; Eating ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Meals ; Obesity ; Parents ; Pediatric Obesity ; Prevalence ; Self Report ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the genotype frequencies of interleukin 10 (IL-10) gene polymorphisms and to investigate their association with the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm Korean infants. METHODS: Two hundred fourteen preterm infants born at Ewha Womans University Mok Dong Hospital between November 2003 and July 2008 were studied. The cord blood of preterm neonates and the corresponding maternal blood were analyzed by PCR for IL-10 gene (IL-10 -1082A/G, -819T/C, and -592A/C) polymorphisms. The clinical data of patients were collected retrospectively by chart review. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of IL-10 genes in Korean mothers with preterm infants differ from other reports. The prevalence of two promoter SNPs of the IL-10 cytokine gene was similar but none had the IL-10-1082GG homozygote. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated the risk of RDS to be significantly lower in the infants of the mothers with an IL-10-592AC/CC genotype than in those with an AA genotype (P= 0.033). The risk of RDS was significantly lower in the mother with an IL-10-819TC/CC genotype than in those with a TT genotype (P=0.030). However, IL-10 polymorphisms in the cord blood were not significantly different in preterm infants with RDS compared with the preterm infants without RDS. When we compared the incidence of RDS and each IL-10 A-1082G/T-819C/A-592C haplotype, the ACC haplotype had a protective effect on RDS (P=0.007). CONCLUSION: We conclude that the maternal IL-10-592A/C and IL-10-819T/C polymorphisms may have a role in the development of the RDS in preterm infants.
Female ; Fetal Blood ; Genotype ; Haplotypes ; Homozygote ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Interleukin-10 ; Logistic Models ; Mothers ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies