Purpose: This descriptive research study explores the relationship between remote online classes, nursing students’ self-determined learning motivation and learning flow, to identify the mediating effect of academic emotion regulation. Methods: The study sample comprised 147 third- and fourth-year nursing students from two universities in Jeonbuk State, all of whom had clinical practice experience. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance were conducted using SPSS/WIN 23.0 for data analysis. Hayes’ PROCESS macro Version 3.5 was used to verify the significance of the indirect effects of the variables. Results: Self-determined learning motivation had a significant positive effect on the mediating variable, academic emotion regulation(β=.21, p=.001), and on learning flow. Additionally, academic emotion regulation significantly positively influenced learning flow. When considering the mediating effect of academic emotion regulation, the indirect effect size between self-determined learning motivation and learning flow was .07, with a bootstrapping confidence interval ranging from 0.02 to 0.13, excluding zero, which was statistically significant, indicating a mediating effect. Conclusion The findings confirm that academic emotion regulation is a crucial variable that can enhance students’ learning flow, thereby maximizing educational effectiveness during rapid changes in online education methods. Consequently, educational programs should be developed that consider the emotional aspects of learning to improve academic emotion regulation. Furthermore, universities should establish educational policies and measures that expand various digital education platforms to reflect and respond to the online education environment.

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to examine relationships between critical thinking disposition and multiple intelligences. METHOD: Participants were nursing students (N=186) who completed a questionnaire assessing critical thinking disposition and multiple intelligences. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance with post hoc comparison, and Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS: For type of multiple intelligences, 32.9% of students had the strongest fit for "interpersonal intelligence" type and 20.1% for "intrapersonal intelligence" type. Mean score for critical thinking disposition was 3.42+/-0.37. Factors related to critical thinking disposition were participation in club activities (F=5.962, p=.001) with a representative role in the club (t=2.140, p=.034). There were significant differences in interpersonal intelligence scores by personality traits (t=2.445, p=.015), participation in club activities (F=10.003, p<.001), and friendship (t=2.539, p=.012); and significant differences in intrapersonal intelligence scores by participation in club activities (F=3.862, p=.010), having a representative role in the club (t=2.101, p=.037), and friendship (t=2.220, p=.029). CONCLUSION: Results indicate that critical thinking disposition is significantly associated with multiple intelligences and suggest that multiple intelligences should be considered to enhance critical thinking disposition when tailored teaching is adopted in nursing education.
Education, Nursing ; Friends ; Humans ; Intelligence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Students, Nursing* ; Thinking*

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of subclinical hypothyroidism include depression, memory loss, myocardial contractility disorder, lipid metabolic disorder, and atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression has not been consistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide the scientific evidence for the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression. METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of depression in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The search engine of PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and RISS was used to search the studies published since the 1990s. A total of 176 documents were retrieved from the literature search, and finally 10 studies were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis of effect sizes was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2.064. RESULTS: Of the 10 studies, five studies reported that depression was associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Two of these studies were on women and two were on the elderly. The effect size of depression in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.46 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.74, P=0.001), and the subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with depression. The results also suggest the need for regular screening of depressive symptoms of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Especially, elderly and women with subclinical hypothyroidism may be the main targets of depressive symptom.

BACKGROUND: Symptoms of subclinical hypothyroidism include depression, memory loss, myocardial contractility disorder, lipid metabolic disorder, and atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression has not been consistent. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to provide the scientific evidence for the relationship between subclinical hypothyroidism and depression. METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of depression in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism. The search engine of PubMed, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and RISS was used to search the studies published since the 1990s. A total of 176 documents were retrieved from the literature search, and finally 10 studies were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis of effect sizes was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 2.2.064. RESULTS: Of the 10 studies, five studies reported that depression was associated with subclinical hypothyroidism. Two of these studies were on women and two were on the elderly. The effect size of depression in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.46 (95% confidence interval 0.20–0.74, P=0.001), and the subclinical hypothyroidism was significantly associated with depression. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that subclinical hypothyroidism is associated with depression. The results also suggest the need for regular screening of depressive symptoms of patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. Especially, elderly and women with subclinical hypothyroidism may be the main targets of depressive symptom.
Aged ; Atherosclerosis ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothyroidism ; Mass Screening ; Memory Disorders ; Search Engine

Background: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigating the current status and prevalence of sleep disturbance in Korean university students and provide evidence to develop appropriate strategies for improving sleep disturbance. Methods: Pooled prevalence of sleep disturbance in Korean university students was assessed using PubMed, CINAHL, Research Information Sharing Service, National Assembly Library, Korean studies Information Service System, and Korea Citation Index databases. A total of 1,843 studies were retrieved from the literature search, and 14 studies were included in the analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. Results: The overall pooled prevalence was 48.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 41.6-56.3%). Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence rates were 59.2% (95% CI, 38.8-50.7%) in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)-based and 26.0% (95% CI, 19.5-33.9%) in non-PSQI-based studies, 23.2% (95% CI, 15.6-33.1%) in low-quality and 56.9% (95% CI, 49.3-64.2%) in moderate-quality studies, 35.6% (95% CI, 33.4-37.8%) in studies published before 2010 and 51.4% (95% CI, 42.9-59.8%) in studies published since 2011. Conclusions The prevalence of sleep disturbance is higher in university students. Therefore, further studies are needed to identify sleep problems of university students and gain future-oriented insights to develop mediation strategies.

Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai, a herbal plant, is often used to make a strong stomach as an antiphlogistic used when dyspepsia and to improve appetite in Korea and China. And also it is used for adult diseases such as diabetes and liver diseases as Korean traditional medicine. In this study, the composition and DPPH radical scavenging activities of the root of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai and its effects on cell viability on vero and chang cells were investigated. Moisture, crude ash, crude protein and crude lipid were 79.14, 2.49, 8.28 and 2.56 g/100 g respectively. The highest mineral content was K. The major free sugars were glucose, fructose and sucrose. Major fatty acid are linoleic acid, palmic acid and linolenic acid. Major amino acids were glutamic acid, arginine and aspartic acid and the total contents of amino acids were 28.12 mg/g. The methanol extracts were further fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate, butanol and water to get an active fraction. In addition, cell viabilities in each fraction were determined. Methanol extract, butanol, and aqueous fraction showed strong survival rates in vero cell and chang cell viability test, and hexane, chloroform, and ethylacetate fraction were examined for toxin in a cell. The root of Ixeris dentata var. albiflora Nakai had scavenging activities against DPPH radicals in a dose-dependent assay. Ethylacetate fraction's SC50 was 6.8 microgram/mL, very strong DPPH radical scavenging activities, but water fraction did not show any activity.
Adult ; alpha-Linolenic Acid ; Amino Acids ; Appetite ; Arginine ; Aspartic Acid ; Asteraceae ; Carbohydrates ; Cell Survival ; China ; Chloroform ; Dyspepsia ; Fructose ; Glucose ; Glutamic Acid ; Hexanes ; Humans ; Korea ; Linoleic Acid ; Liver Diseases ; Medicine, Korean Traditional ; Methanol ; Plants ; Stomach ; Sucrose ; Survival Rate ; Vero Cells ; Water

The high degree of academic burnout experienced during academic life indicates that job skill levels during the first year following graduation are low, and the correlation with turnover intention is high. We investigated the effects of clinical practice stress and resilience on nursing students’ burnout, and searched for factors that can prevent or control burnout. We recruited a convenience sample of 202 nursing students. Academic burnout, general characteristics, clinical practice stress, and resilience were assessed via self-reported questionnaires. The mean total score of academic burnout was 44.0 points; exhaustion was the highest at 18.5 points, inefficacy was 15.9 points, and cynicism was 9.6 points. High levels of clinical practice stress affected academic burnout (β=0.194, p=0.003), while high resilience was a factor that lowered the degree of academic burnout (β=-0.449, p<0.001). Based on our results, factors affecting students’ experiences of academic burnout were clinical practice stress and resilience. We therefore propose the implementation of a new curriculum aimed at increasing satisfaction with the major, reducing clinical practice stress, and increasing resilience, including an efficient peer mentoring program for clinical practice.

This study examined the perception and readiness of nursing educators regarding interprofessional education (IPE), and discussed the validity and application of IPE in nursing. From December 2016 to January 2017, 239 nursing professors and nurses completed a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale, the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Survey (RIPLS), and an IPE action plan. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and t-test using the IBM SPSS ver. 23.0 program (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The analysis revealed that 91.6% of the participants had not experienced IPE, and only 11.7% knew about IPE. However, approximately 80.0% answered that IPE is necessary. The results of this study showed that the score of the perceived need for cooperation was higher in nurses than it was in professors, while the score on competency and autonomy was higher in professors than it was in nurses. With reference to the scores on the RIPLS, those of professors were high on the sub-scales of teamwork and collaboration, professional identity, and roles and responsibility. The results revealed that participants considered the upper-grade undergraduate years as the ideal time for imparting IPE, and it was deemed suitable to include communication, simulation, and clinical practice in IPE. Doctors, pharmacists, and physiotherapists were thought to require cooperation for IPE the most. Despite the presence of several barriers to IPE, the participants thought that IPE can achieve learning outcomes such as interprofessional communication and cooperation, conflict resolution, and teamwork. It is necessary to cooperate with professionals in the complex clinical environment as professional areas are specialized and subdivided. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the application of IPE in undergraduate education and in on-the-job training.
Cooperative Behavior ; Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Inservice Training ; Learning ; Negotiating ; Nursing ; Pharmacists ; Physical Therapists

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of academic resilience and interpersonal competence on the happiness of nursing students. A descriptive design was used to study 158 nursing students in nursing school through convenience sampling. IBM SPSS ver. 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA) was used to analyze data for descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, Tukey post hoc test, Pearson's correlations, and multiple regressions. The results showed that the level of nursing students' happiness was lower than that of college students in other majors, but academic resilience and interpersonal competence among nursing students were relatively high. Nursing students' happiness was positively correlated with academic resilience and interpersonal competence. The factors affecting happiness were academic resilience (β=0.459, p < 0.001), satisfaction with major (β=0.272, p=0.006), perceived subjective health status (β=0.223, p=0.013), and interpersonal competence (β=0.185, p=0.003). Explained variance for happiness was 56.4%, and academic resilience was the most influential factor in the happiness of nursing students. Nursing students are caring human beings and should be able to pursue a happy life; therefore, it is necessary to improve satisfaction levels with the nursing major, guide students to excel in their academic achievement, prepare health education programs, and design curriculum that inspires confidence in interpersonal relationships.
Curriculum ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Happiness ; Health Education ; Humans ; Mental Competency ; Nursing ; Schools, Nursing ; Students, Nursing

Purpose: This study aimed to grasp the correlation between communication ability, empathy, and interpersonal relations among nursing students, and to explore the mediating effect of empathy on the relation between communication and interpersonal relation in nursing students. Methods: Participants were 209 college students in the Department of Nursing at two universities. The data collection period was from October 1, 2019 to November 1, 2019. The questionnaire consisted of measuring tools for general characteristics, communication ability, interpersonal relation and empathy. SPSS/23.0 program was used. The analysis used descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, multiple regression analysis, and Sobel's tests. Results: The communication ability was nursing major satisfaction (t=8.25, p<.001), and last year's average grade (t=7.29, p=.001). Interpersonal relationships showed significant differences in gender (t=2.51, p=.013) and nursing major satisfaction (t=10.99, p<.001). Communication ability and empathy (r=.37, p<.001), communication ability and interpersonal relation (r=.77, p<.001), empathy and interpersonal relation (r=.43, p<.001) showed a significant static correlation. In communication ability and interpersonal relation, empathy had a partial mediating effect (Z=2.97, p<.001), and explanatory power was 62%. Conclusion To improve the communication ability and interpersonal relation of nursing students, it is necessary to develop a personalized and empathy-enhanced education program for each grade.