Purpose: This study is to develop an interprofessional education (IPE) program for medical, nursing, and pharmacy students and to analyze the effectiveness. Methods: Subjects consisted of 116 students (41 medical, 46 nursing, and 29 pharmacy students) enrolled in their final year. Subjects were randomly assigned to either the intervention group or the control group, with 58 in each group. A pretest-posttest control group design was used. The program was operated for a single day, and consisted of small-group activities and role-play. We utilized the following tools: Perceptions towards Interprofessional Education (PIPE), Self-Efficacy for Interprofessional Experiential Learning (SEIEL), and Perception towards Interprofessional Competency (PIC). We used t-test and analysis of covariance for analysis. Results: The PIPE tool revealed that the scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (p=0.000). The result was the same when the scores were categorized into the groups medical students (p=0.001), nursing students (p=0.000), and pharmacy students (p=0.005). The SEIEL study also indicated the intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group (p=0.000). However, pharmacy students did not reveal significant (p=0.983). The intervention group scored significantly higher than the control group in the PIC. A concluding survey of the intervention group indicated that most students were satisfied with the IPE program. Conclusion We hope this study will provide useful information for designing and improving IPE programs in other universities.

Purpose: Exposure to heat and cold stress can negatively affect pregnant women. However, studies on the association between ambient temperature exposure and pregnant women, especially those with diabetes mellitus, are limited. The presence of this disease is likely to affect the woman’s capacity to adapt to the demands of pregnancy, consequently affecting fetal development. We examined the association between exposure to the mean temperature and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. Methods: Health Insurance Reviews and Assessment Service was used to obtain data on patients hospitalized between January 2015 and August 2022. The association between the number of pregnant patients with diabetes mellitus according to monthly mean temperature and seasonal differences was analyzed using a generalized additive model. The model was adjusted for the treatment date, mean humidity, and mean age of the women. Results: The total number of patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy was 651,655 and the mean temperature was 12.87℃±9.89℃. The association between the mean temperature and diabetes mellitus during pregnancy showed a U-shaped nonlinear association. During the entire period, the number of patients with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy significantly increased by 2.82 per 1℃ increase in mean temperature (estimate, 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], -2.06 to 7.71). The number of patients significantly increased by 72.12 per 1℃ increase in mean temperature in the summer (estimate, 72.12; 95% CI, 50.36–93.89), but the increase was not statistically significant in the winter. Conclusion Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to mean temperature during pregnancy is associated with diabetes mellitus.

No abstract available.
Adult ; Anemia/diagnosis ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group/*genetics ; Base Sequence ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology/pathology ; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary/*diagnosis/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Mutation, Missense ; Republic of Korea ; Spectrin/chemistry/*genetics ; Splenomegaly/ultrasonography

PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy and complication rates of fluoroscopy-guided percutaneous transthoracic fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and core biopsy (CB). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-one fluoroscopy-guided lung biopsies were performed in 86 patients using a 22-gauge fine needle (n=52) or a 21-gauge automated cutting needle (n=39). The size of pulmonary lesions were 1-9 cm. Histologic diagnosis rates and complications rates of the two groups were compared. RESULTS: The overall sensitivity of FNAB was 98% (51/52) which was higher than that of CB 89.7% (35/39) (p=0.160, Fisher? exact test). For the diagnosis of malignancy, sensitivities of FNAB and CB were 97.2% (35/36) and 89.7% (26/29), respectively (p= 0.316). For the diagnosis of benignancy, sensitivities of FNAB and CB were 100% (16/16) and 90% (9/10), respectively (p=0.384). The specific histologic diagnosis rate of CB was 80% (8/10) in benignancy, which was higher than that of FNAB 56% (9/16) (p=0.398). The pneumothorax rates were 7.7% (4/52) for FNAB and 15.4% (6/39) for CB (p=0.316). CONCLUSION: Although not statistically significant, a higher overall sensitivity was found in fluoroscopy-guided FNAB in the diagnosis of both malignancy and benignancy, and FNAB also achieved lower complication rates. More specific histologic diagnoses were obtained with CB.
Biopsy* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms ; Needles* ; Pneumothorax

BACKGROUND: The recent change in pharmaceutical education system following the paradigm shift to patient-oriented pharmacy service requires an in-depth discussion to reorganize a future direction and establish a basis for maximizing social values of community pharmacy service. OBJECTIVE: This study was conducted to review the current status of community pharmacy service provision in Korea based on published literatures. METHODS: The electronic databases of National Digital Science Library and Electronic National Assembly Library were used to search the journal articles and dissertation papers. A search term "community pharmacy" was used and the published period was limited to papers published after year 2001, when the legal separation of prescribing and dispensing was implemented. Relevant study reports were also searched manually. Information about pharmacy service provision and study outcomes were retrieved from the selected papers, and classified by predefined individual service scope. RESULTS: A total 33 papers reporting services provided by community pharmacies were selected (journal article 11, dissertation paper 17, and study report 5). Pharmacy services identified in these papers could be classified into prescription dispensing service, pharmaceutical care service, self medication service, other products service, and health promotion service. Twenty papers reported prescription dispensing services, three papers reported pharmaceutical care service, and only two papers reported health promotion service. Current community pharmacy services are highly dependent on prescription drugs while expanded services such as pharmaceutical care and health promotion are peripheral. Most prevalent research topic was medication counseling service (18 papers), reflecting that community pharmacists generally consider it to be the most important and fundamental service. Overall, current pharmacy services are very limited and focus on prescription dispensing service. CONCLUSION: At this point of time requiring expansion and quality improvement of community pharmacy services, we suggest further lively discussion to strengthen pharmacist's functional identity and set conditions for providing socially expected services.
Community Pharmacy Services ; Counseling ; Education, Pharmacy ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Korea* ; Pharmaceutical Services* ; Pharmacies* ; Pharmacists ; Prescription Drugs ; Prescriptions ; Quality Improvement ; Self Medication ; Social Values

PURPOSE: The effect of cyclin D1 overexpression on breast cancer outcomes and prognosis is controversial, even though amplification of the cyclin D1 gene, CCND1, has been shown to be associated with early relapse and poor prognosis. In this study, we examined the relationship between cyclin D1 overexpression and disease-specific survival (DSS). We also analyzed survival in patients who experienced recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data from patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma between April 2005 and December 2010. We examined clinicopathologic factors associated with cyclin D1 overexpression and analyzed the influence of cyclin D1 on recurrence-free survival and DSS. RESULTS: We identified 236 patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer who completed all phases of their primary treatment. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with longer DSS (5-year DSS, 89.9% in patients without cyclin D1 overexpression vs. 98.9% in patients with cyclin D1 overexpression; p=0.008). Multivariate analysis also found that patients with cyclin D1 overexpressing tumors had significantly longer disease-specific survival than patients whose tumors did not overexpress cyclin D1, with a hazard ratio for disease-specific mortality of 7.97 (1.17-54.22, p=0.034). However, in the group of patients who experienced recurrence, cyclin D1 overexpression was not significantly associated with recurrence-free survival. Cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with increased survival after disease recurrence, indicating that cyclin D1 overexpression might be indicative of more indolent disease progression after metastasis. CONCLUSION: Cyclin D1 overexpression is associated with longer DSS, but not recurrence-free survival, in patients with breast cancer. Longer postrecurrence survival could explain the apparent inconsistency between DSS and recurrence-free survival. Patients with cyclin D1-overexpressing tumors survive longer, but with metastatic disease after recurrence. This information should spark the urgent development of tailored therapies to cure these patients.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Cyclin D1* ; Cyclins* ; Disease Progression ; Genes, bcl-1 ; Humans ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Recurrence* ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between the presence of penetration or aspiration and the occurrence of the clinical indicators of dysphagia. The presence of penetration or aspiration is closely related to the clinical indicators of dysphagia. It is essential to understand these relationships in order to implement proper diagnosis and treatment of dysphagia. METHODS: Fifty-eight poststroke survivors were divided into two groups: patients with or without penetration or aspiration. Medical records and videofluoroscopic swallowing examinations were reviewed. The occurrence of clinical indicators of dysphagia between two groups was analyzed with Cross Tabulation and the Pearson chi-square test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Poststroke survivors with penetration or aspiration had significantly high occurrences of delayed initiation of the swallow (p=0.04) and reduced hyolaryngeal elevation (p<0.01) than those without penetration or aspiration. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that delayed initiation of the swallow is a strong physiological indicator of penetration or aspiration during the oral stage of swallowing in poststroke survivors. For the pharyngeal stage of swallowing, hyoid and laryngeal elevation is a key event related to occurrence of penetration or aspiration. Clinical indicators should be investigated further to allow appropriate implementation of treatment strategies for stroke survivors.
Deglutition ; Deglutition Disorders* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Medical Records ; Oral Stage ; Stroke ; Survivors*

Objective: Facial affect recognition is associated with neuropsychological status and psychiatric diseases. We hypothesized that facial affect recognition is associated with psychological status and perception of other affects. Methods: A total of 80 images depicting facial affect, including 20 Neutral, 20 Angry, 20 Fear, and 20 Sad, were screened for use in our research. A total of 100 healthy individuals were asked to rate these images using a 10-point Likert scale and complete psychological scales assessing the emotional statuses and cognitive functions. Results: The participants’ emotional state of aggression, attention, and impulsivity may have been associated with their interpretation of the Angry facial expressions. The participants often rated the Angry facial expressions as Fear. The participants rated Fear images as Angry or Sad. In response to a Sad facial expression, the participants reported psychological statuses of attention and impulsivity which were associated with the facial expression rating. The participants rated the Sad expression as Angry or Fear. Conclusion The psychological statuses of the participants were significantly correlated with their interpretation of facial affects. In particular, a psychological state of attention was often correlated with incorrect affect ratings. Attention and impulsivity could affect the rating of the sad facial expressions.

Methods: The precision, linearity, limit of detection (LOD), correlation with the Abbott m2000 assay, and interference were evaluated. Results: The within-laboratory standard deviation ranged from 0.106 to 0.137 log IU/mL for HBV and from 0.073 to 0.097 log IU/mL for HCV, which was lower than the manufacturer’s specification of 0.25 log IU/mL, indicating good precision. Linearity was observed from 1.14 to 8.14 log IU/mL for the HBV assay and from 1.09 to 7.09 log IU/mL for the HCV assay. The LODs of HBV and HCV were 10 and 6.39 IU/mL, respectively, which were equivalent to or better than those claimed by the manufacturer. For comparative evaluation between Alinity m and m2000 assays, 142 HBV and 70 HCV samples were tested. The correlation test revealed a strong correlation for both markers, and the Passing–Bablok regression analysis did not reveal any significant deviation. Conclusions The Alinity m assay demonstrated excellent performance for HBV and HCV quantifications with reduced hands-on time and a randomaccess format.

BACKGROUND: The coexistence of t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) and inv(16)(p13q22) chromosomal abnormalities is extremely uncommon, and only a small number of such cases have been reported. Here, we characterized 7 cases of hematologic malignancy exhibiting t(9;22) and inv(16) coexistence. METHODS: We reviewed the cytogenetic data for hematologic malignancies treated at the Catholic Blood and Marrow Transplantation Center between January 2004 and June 2013. We identified 7 cases exhibiting t(9;22) and inv(16) coexistence. In addition, we analyzed mutations in the IKZF1, NPM1, FLT3, N-RAS, K-RAS, c-KIT, and TP53 genes. RESULTS: Four cases of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML; 1 chronic phase, 2 accelerated phase, and 1 blast phase) and 3 cases of acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 1 de novo and 2 therapy-related) were identified. The percentages of circulating blasts and bone marrow eosinophils were higher in AML cases than in CML cases (53% vs. 5% and 30% vs. 5.5%, respectively). The proportions of each chromosomal abnormality were used along with follow-up karyotyping results to identify secondary changes. In BCR/ABL, a p210 fusion transcript was associated with CML, whereas a p190 fusion transcript was associated with AML. One patient with AML harbored 2 mutations: c-KIT D816V and TP53 E11Q. All patients except 1 with CML blast phase sustained clinical remission after treatment, which included an imatinib mesylate regimen. CONCLUSION: This study shows that observations of bone marrow morphology, initial and follow-up cytogenetic studies, and karyotyping of BCR/ABL1 and CBFB/MYH11 provide valuable information for characterizing hematologic malignancies exhibiting t(9;22) and inv(16) coexistence.
Blast Crisis ; Bone Marrow ; Chromosome Aberrations* ; Cytogenetics ; Eosinophils ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genes, p53 ; Hematologic Neoplasms* ; Humans ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Mesylates ; Imatinib Mesylate