Testicular biopsy is an important tool in the diagnosis and management of male infertility. Other types of analysis such as plasma hormonal assay, chromosomal studies and biochemical determination of ejaculate components have also a role in characterizing male infertility. There were 53 infertile males who received testicular biopsy in our department during the period from January, 1972 to June, 1982. A clinical investigation was undertaken in aspect of testicular size, past history, testicular biopsy findings and plasma hormonal level. The following results were obtained: 1. On semen analysis, oligospermia was found in 5 cases, azoospermia in 48 cases and the most common age group was 4th decade. 2. The biopsy findings of 41 cases with normal size testis were normal in 20 cases. hypospermatogenesis in 8 cases, peritubular fibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis in 4 cases. maturation arrest in 4 cases germinal aplasia in 4 cases, hyalinized seminiferous tubule with Leydig cell hyperplasia in 1 case. 3. The biopsy findings of 12 cases with small size testis were hypospermatogenesis in 3 cases. hyalinized seminiferous tubule with Leydig cell hyperplasia in 6 cases, peritubular fibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis in 1 case, maturation arrest in 1 case, germinal aplasia in 1 case. 4. There were 20 cases which had induration on epididymis or vas deferens. On their past history, gonorrheal urethritis in 7 cases, nonspecific epididymitis in 4 cases, tuberculous epididymitis in 3 cases, undetermined cause in 6 cases were observed. 5. The biopsy findings of 20 cases with indurated epididymis or vas deferens were normal in 13 cases, peritubularfibrosis with reduced spermatogenesis in 4 cases, hypospermatogenesis in 3 cases. 6. The plasma hormonal assay (FSH, LH, Testosterone) was performed in 8 cases.
Azoospermia ; Biopsy* ; Diagnosis ; Epididymis ; Epididymitis ; Fibrosis ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hyperplasia ; Infertility, Male ; Male ; Oligospermia ; Plasma ; Semen Analysis ; Seminiferous Tubules ; Spermatogenesis ; Testis ; Urethritis ; Vas Deferens

Calcium has been implicated as a primary pathogenetic mediator of cellular injury under conditions of oxygen and substrate deprivation in the kidney aswell as other tissues. It has been proposed that calcium entry from the external medium increases intracellular free calcium to toxic levels there-by converting cellular injury from a potentially reversible to an irreversible state. Cellular calcium homeostasis is a fundamental prerequisite for many coordinate cellular functions. The regulation of cellular Ca++ -metabolism is maintained mainly by Ca++ -ATPase. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of ischemia on the subcellular specific activity of Ca++ -ATPase of renal tissues in the rabbits. 1. In both normal cortical and medullary tissues, the specific activities Ca++ -ATPase were higher in mitochondria than in cytosol. 2. In cortical tissue, the specific activities of mitochondrial Ca++ -ATPase were increased with duration of ischemic time under normothermia. But the specific activities were decreased comparing to those of control under hypothermia, and the activities were not different with those of control in Verapamil treated group. 3. The specific activities of Ca++ -ATPase of cortical cytosol were increased as in mitochondria under normothermia. And the activities were similar with those of control in hypothermic and Verapamil treated groups. 4. In medullary tissues, the specific activities of mitochondrial Ca++ -ATPase were increased with duration of ischemic time under normothermia. In Verapamil treated group, the activities were decreased comparing to those of control. And there was no difference of activities between hypothermia and control groups. 5. As in cortical tissues, the specific activities of Ca++ -ATPase of medullary, cytosol were increased in normothermic group. And the activities were similar with those of control in hypothermic and Verapamil treated groups. Above results suggested that calcium contents of mitochondria and cytosol were increased with duration of ischemic time under normothermia. Hypothermia and Verapamil treatment seemed to be beneficial effects in prevention of calcium accumulation in the renal tissues.
Adenosine Triphosphatases* ; Calcium ; Cytosol ; Homeostasis ; Hypothermia ; Ischemia* ; Kidney ; Mitochondria ; Oxygen ; Rabbits* ; Subcellular Fractions* ; Verapamil

No abstract available.
Pancreatitis*

Two cases of primary carcinoma of the ureter were reported with review of the literatures.
Ureter*

Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), Keratomileusis In Situ (KM), Laser Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK), and clear lens extraction have been performed for high myopic patients. Among the above surgical procedures KM and LASIK are applied to young patients in general. However, comparison of clinical results of these two procedures was not reported yet in Korea. To evaluate the clinical results of KM (n=16) and LASIK (n=11) for high myopic patients between -15 diopter (D) and -23 diopter (D), spherical equivalent (S.E) and uncorrected visual acuity were studied for more than ten months, retrospectively. The mean S.E. was changed from -17.36 D before operation to -3.70 D ten months after operation in KM, whereas it was from -17.41 D to -0.31 D in LASIK. At ten months after operation, uncorrected visual acuity equal or better than best corrected visual acuity before operation was 43. 8% in KM and 63. 6% in LASIK. This results show that the clinical result of LASIK were superior to that of KM for high myopia.
Humans ; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ ; Korea ; Myopia* ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Retrospective Studies ; Visual Acuity

A case of bilateral absence of vas deference with sterility is reported. By new 15O cases of congenital absence of the vas deference, rather a rare congenital anomaly, were reported.
Infertility

No abstract available.

The skin defects or sensory impairment of the fingers, especially at the critical area for prehension(tips of thumb, index and middle fingers) should be reconstructed for the better function of hand. In our department, we performed neurovascular island pedicle flap transfer for the purpose of reconstruction of sensibility and skin defect simultaneousely to the critical area. 1. Since 1978, we had performed neurovascular island pedicle flap transfer in 14cases, among which 9 cases were followed for more than one year. 2. The operation was performed for the reconstruction of thumb in 8 cases, and index in 4 cases. The most common cause of injury was crushing by machine(8 cases). 3. The island flap was transferred from middle finger(9 cases) and from ring finger(4 cases). 4. Recovery of the protective sensation at the recipient sites was good or fair after one year, but reorientation and two point discrimination were poor. 5. Cold intolerance was developed in 3 cases and callosity was formed in 2 cases. 6. In all cases, the transferred flaps were good in circulation status and durability. 7. It is considered that the neurovascular island pedicle flap is an accepted method of restoring skin coverage as well as sensation to a localized tactile area in the hand.
Callosities ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Fingers ; Hand ; Methods ; Sensation ; Skin ; Thumb

Nineteen patients with twenty six fingers were admitted to the Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yonsei University College of Medicine with Zone II flexor tendon injury of the fingers during a period of 9 years from January 1980 to December 1988. 17 cases received free tendon graft and 9 cases received staged tendon graft. The result of long term follow-up of these patients are as follows. 1. The interval from tendon injury to tendon graft did not influence the operational result. 2. The main factor influencing operational result was flexion deformity whieh was in turn deeply related to preoperational passive range of motion. 3. Due to the relative anatomic simplicity, the thumb had better results after treatment than the other fingers. 4. Satisfactory results were obtained with free tendon graft in most of the Pre-operational Grade I group, good soft tissue without scarring or joint contracture, whereas in the Grade II group and above, complicated with scarring, joint damage or nerve injury, free tendon graft resulted only in 33 % success. 5. In Grade II group and above, free tendon graft resulted only in 33% success whereas 71% of staged tendon graft resulted in good or excellent results. This suggested that staged tendon graft had better operational results than free tendon graft in cases of severe tendon injury.
Cicatrix ; Clinical Study ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Contracture ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Orthopedics ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Tendon Injuries ; Tendons ; Thumb ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Vagina*