No abstract available.
Carbamazepine* ; Haloperidol*

A statistical survey of neoplasms collected from the files of surgical and autopsy specimens examined in the department of pathology during the 52 months preceeding August 1961, was made and the results compared with the previously reported data. The total number of specimens surveyed in this study was 7,978, among which benign neoplasms accounted for 480 cases and malignant neoplasms for 1,107. Carcinomas of the stomach and uterus occupied the highest frequency among the malignant tumors. The incidence of benign tumors of the uterus was significantly higher than that reported by others. A detailed analysis of the various data on benign and malignant tumors is listed in the tables.
Autopsy ; Incidence ; Pathology ; Stomach ; Uterus

No abstract available.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

BACKGROUND: It is well known that ketamine, a dissociative anesthetic, inhibits smooth muscle contractions induced by high KCl and receptor agonists such as carbachol, histamine and endothelin. It has been reported that the inhibitory effect is mediated by a decrease in Ca2+ influx through the plasma membrane in smooth muscle. However, the mechanism of action for ketamine is not fully understood. In the present study, the effect of ketamine on Ca2+ -dependent and -independent carbachol and epidermal growth factor (EGF) contractions was investigated in rat tracheal smooth muscle. METHODS: Tracheal smooth muscle strips from Sprague-Dawley rats were mounted in an organ bath with physiological salt solution (PSS, pH 7.4, 37oC). When high KCl and carbachol (1, 10 micrometer) induced contraction and verapamil and ketamine attenuated contraction, and when EGF or carbachol alone and EGF plus carbachol in Ca2+ free media induced contration and verapamil and ketamine inhibited contration, the changes in tention of the muscle strips were measured. RESULTS: 1) Ketamine inhibited the contractions stimulated by high KCl (70 mM) and carbachol (1, 10 micrometer) in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was more marked in the 1 micrometer carbachol preparation than in the 10 micrometer carbachol preparation. 2) Although the contraction induced by carbachol (1 micrometer) was attenuated by verapamil (10 micrometer), a voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker, the degree of inhibition was not complete, but only partial. The verapamil-insensitive portion of the contraction induced by carbachol was completely inhibited by the cumulative application of ketamine. 3) EGF (1 mg/ml), a tyrosine kinase-associated growth factor, or carbachol alone did not induce contraction in Ca2+ -free PSS (1 mM EGTA). However EGF plus carbachol contracted tracheal smooth muscle in the Ca2+ -free media and it was completely inhibited by ketamine but not by verapamil. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ketamine inhibits the smooth muscle contraction including both verapamil-sensitive and -insensitive Ca2+ increments and by Ca2+ -independent contraction mechanisms.
Animals ; Baths ; Carbachol* ; Cell Membrane ; Endothelins ; Epidermal Growth Factor* ; Histamine ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Ketamine* ; Muscle, Smooth ; Rats* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Trachea* ; Tyrosine ; Verapamil

The authors report clinical results of 6 myopic patients(6 eyes) who showed undercorrection following keratomileusis-in-situ and then underwent radial keratotomy to correct the residual myopia. The mean age of patients was 39.2 years, and the mean interval between keratomileusis and radial keratotomy was 19.8 months. The mean refractive error was changed from -7.0D preoperatively to -3.23D after radial keratotomy. 'The average difference of refractive error between treated eye and untreated fellow eye was changed from 5.12D to 1. 63D after radial keratotomy. The mean visual acuity was changed from 0.15 preoperatively to 0.33 after radial keratotomy. In conclusion, radial keratotomy is an useful procedure for correcting undercorrected myopia after keratomileusis in situ.
Humans ; Keratotomy, Radial* ; Myopia* ; Refractive Errors ; Visual Acuity

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficiency of titanium mesh cylinder as an anterior strut in reconstructive spinal surgery. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: Biomechanically, 80 to 85% of the axial forces on the upright spine are distributed through the anterior column. Reconstruction of the anterior column using load sharing construct is essential for normal spinal biomechanics in various anterior column deficiency conditions. Titanium mesh cylinder as an anterior strut has advantages in these surgical conditions, and may be an effective alternative to strut bone graft. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From October 1993 to May 1998, 22 patients received reconstructive spinal surgery using titanium mesh cylinder-bone graft composite. Average follow up period was 3(1/2)years(range: 1(1/2)to 6 years). 20 of them were male and 2 were female and average age was 45 years(range: 21 to 69 years). The diagnoses were kyphosis/kyphoscoliosis, burst fracture/ fracture-dislocation, revision surgery, tumor, and multiple thoracic HNP. Radiographs were taken preoperatively, postoper-atively at 2 weeks, 4, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months, and yearly thereafter, these were read for change of sagittal angle correction, anterior bony fusion, settling of the titanium mesh cylinder-bone graft composite, or instrument failure. RESULTS: Radiologic union between titanium mesh cylinder & vertebra appeared at (1/2)to 1 (1/2)years follow-up period. 81.8%(18 of 22 cases) showed definite bony trabeculation, and 18.2%(4 of 22 cases) showed immature bony trabeculation. Sagittal angle correction loss was measured by average 7.6 .(range: 5 .to 9 .) in 8 of 22 cases, all of which appeared at 4 months to 1 year follow-up period. Correction loss was associated with penetration of spikes of titanium mesh cylinder into endplates of adjacent vertebral bodies until internal rings contact endplates, but was not accompanied with implant failures, dislodgement or migration of titanium mesh cylinder. CONCLUSIONS: Titanium mesh cylinder can be used as a good substitute of anterior strut in combination with rigid spinal fixa-tion in reconstructive spinal surgery.
Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Spine ; Titanium* ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To analyze the efficacy of iliac tricortical allograft (Tutoplast (r) ) as an anterior load sharing construct in global fusion consisting of interbody fusion, transpedicular screw fixation and posterolateral fusion. MATERIALS METHODS: We followed up 40 levels in 27 patients who had undergone interbody fusion using iliac tricortical allograft (Tutoplast (r) ) and added transpedicular screw fixation and poterolateral fusion from Dec. 1995 to Dec. 1996. They were followed up for more than 2 years. The disease entities included 11 patients with spondylolisthesis, 8 patients with spinal stenosis with lumbar intervertebral discs herniation, 6 patients with degenerative lumbar kyphoscoliosis and 2 patients with pseudoarthrosis. Anterior interbody fusion was performed in 11 cases and posterior lumbar interbody fusion in 16 cases. RESULTS: The radiological union rate of interbody fusion was 90% (36/40) , and collapsed union was 7.5% (3/40) ranging from 11% to 28% collapses of initial graft height. The non-union occurred at level 1, which showed radiolucent line on host-graft interface but did not reveal instability on stress views. The radiologic union rate of the posterolateral fusion was 100%. Complications such as metal failure and infection were not noted. Satisfactory clinical results were 88.9%. CONCLUSION: Iliac tricortical allograft was a good substitute for an anterior load sharing construct in interbody fusion combined with transpedicular screw fixation and posterolateral fusion.
Allografts* ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc ; Pseudarthrosis ; Spinal Fusion* ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spondylolisthesis ; Transplants

Mature cystic teratoma represents 10~20% of all ovarian neoplasms in women during the second and third decades of life. Malignant transformation rarely takes place in this tumor, and is observed in approximately 1~2% of all cases. The most common malignancy developing in mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis for patients with malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is poor and because of the rarity of malignant degeneration, the surgical and postoperative management is not established. A case of a stage IIIb squamous cell carcinoma which developed in a mature cystic teratoma in a 47-year-old female who was disease free after tumor debulking surgery and subsequent treatment of five cycles of bleomycin (30 mg iv injection Day 1), ifosfamide (1 g/m(2) iv injection Days 1-5), and cisplatin (50 mg/m(2) iv injection Day 1) is presented and issues regarding the diagnosis and management of this rare complication are discussed.
Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Teratoma*

Mature cystic teratoma represents 10~20% of all ovarian neoplasms in women during the second and third decades of life. Malignant transformation rarely takes place in this tumor, and is observed in approximately 1~2% of all cases. The most common malignancy developing in mature cystic teratoma is squamous cell carcinoma. The prognosis for patients with malignant transformation of mature cystic teratoma is poor and because of the rarity of malignant degeneration, the surgical and postoperative management is not established. A case of a stage IIIb squamous cell carcinoma which developed in a mature cystic teratoma in a 47-year-old female who was disease free after tumor debulking surgery and subsequent treatment of five cycles of bleomycin (30 mg iv injection Day 1), ifosfamide (1 g/m(2) iv injection Days 1-5), and cisplatin (50 mg/m(2) iv injection Day 1) is presented and issues regarding the diagnosis and management of this rare complication are discussed.
Bleomycin ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Cisplatin ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Ifosfamide ; Middle Aged ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Prognosis ; Teratoma*

One hundred sixty three patients were hysteroscoped for various reasons at our department over 10 year period. Ninety eight patients out of 163 who were diagnosed and treated for their intrauterine adhesions(IUAs) by hysteroscopy were analysed retrospectively. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate or severe stage of IUAs according to American Fertility Society classification. Twenty nine patients(29.6%) had mild IUAs, 43 patients (43.9%) had moderate IUAs, and 26 patients(26.5%) were classified as having severe stage IUAs. The predisposing causal factors of IUAs were abortion, full-term delivery, H. mole, pelvic tuberculosis and myomectomy in order of frequency but in eight cases no cause was identified. After hysteroscopic surgery, although high rate(83.9%) of restoration of normal menstruation was attained but term pregnancy rate was only 53.3% and rather high rate (32%) of preterm or abortion were identified and those pregnancy outcomes were correlated with the stage of IUAs. Complications of surgery consisted of uterine or bladder perforation, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage.
Classification ; Female ; Fertility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Menstruation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pulmonary Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder