Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix(Stage Ia) is the earliest stage of squamous carcinoma. The transition from preinvasive to invasive disease is a crucial juncture in the development of cervical cancer. The clinical experience that microinvasive lesions carry a better prognosis justifies a separate diagnostic category. To investigate the clinical and pathological aspects of microinvasive cervical carcinoma, a retrospective study was made on 84 cases, histologically reconfirmed surgical specimens, which had been treated during the period from January, 1985 to December, 1996 at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyung-pook National University Hospital. We defined microinvasive carcinoma as stromal invasion not exceeding a depth of Smm from the base of the epithelium presented by FIGO in 1985. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Mean age of 84 patients was 46.9 year old, all were parous women but not 1 patients. 60 cases(71.4%) belonged to stage Ial and 24 cases(28,6%) to stage Ia2. 2. Chief complaints were postcoital spotting and leukorrhea. 3, The corresponding rate of Pap. smear to histologic diagnosis was approximately 29.8%. However correponding rate within one histologic grade was about 33,3%. 4. According to the colposcopic examination, 26.4% of cases revealed suspected abnormal findings suggesting invasive lesion. 5. As to the reports of punch biopsy, 55.1% of cases showed microinvasive and/or invasive lesion. With additional diagnostic conization of cervix, the preoperative diagnosis were correct in 72%. 6. Operation performed were simple hysterectomy, extrafascial hysterectomy or modified radical hysterectomy with both pelvic LN dissection, Simple hysterectomy was most commonly performed. 7. Post-treatment complications were developed in 73.9% of patients who were done with modified radical hysterectomy with both pelvic LN dissection and bladder dysfunction was developed in 50% of the patients.
Biopsy ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Cervix Uteri* ; Conization ; Diagnosis ; Epithelium ; Female ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Hysterectomy ; Leukorrhea ; Metrorrhagia ; Obstetrics ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Urinary Bladder ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms

One hundred sixty three patients were hysteroscoped for various reasons at our department over 10 year period. Ninety eight patients out of 163 who were diagnosed and treated for their intrauterine adhesions(IUAs) by hysteroscopy were analysed retrospectively. Patients were classified as having mild, moderate or severe stage of IUAs according to American Fertility Society classification. Twenty nine patients(29.6%) had mild IUAs, 43 patients (43.9%) had moderate IUAs, and 26 patients(26.5%) were classified as having severe stage IUAs. The predisposing causal factors of IUAs were abortion, full-term delivery, H. mole, pelvic tuberculosis and myomectomy in order of frequency but in eight cases no cause was identified. After hysteroscopic surgery, although high rate(83.9%) of restoration of normal menstruation was attained but term pregnancy rate was only 53.3% and rather high rate (32%) of preterm or abortion were identified and those pregnancy outcomes were correlated with the stage of IUAs. Complications of surgery consisted of uterine or bladder perforation, pulmonary edema and hemorrhage.
Classification ; Female ; Fertility ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Hysteroscopy ; Menstruation ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Outcome ; Pregnancy Rate ; Pulmonary Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: To define the pathologic changes underlying the mechanism of shrinkage of uterine leimyoma in patients treated with goserelin. METHODS: Retrospective evaluation of pathologic changes seen in leiomyoma removed by hysterectomy or myomectomy in treated and untreated patients was done. Microscopic review of all cases was performed without knowledge of the therapeutic history. Each leiomyoma was assessed for hyalinization, hydropic change, lymphocytic infiltrate, nuclear atypia, and hypercellularity. RESULTS: Hyaline degeneration and hydropic changes were found significantly more frequent in patient treated with goserelin (P<0.05). The differences between treated and untreated groups in lymphocytic infiltrate, nuclear atypia, and hypercellularity were not statistically significant. The ultrastructural features of variable numbers of the treated muscle cells showed large vacuole, marked swelling of mitochondria, and compound lysosomal structures presumed to have been formed from damaged intracellular organelles. CONCLUSION: It appears that the rapid decrease in size of the leiomyoma treated with goserein occurs as the smooth muscle tissue undergoes hydropic change and hyaline degeneration. It seems that other cellular degenerative changes may be involved in the mechanism shrinkage of uterine leiomyoma.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Goserelin* ; Humans ; Hyalin ; Hysterectomy ; Leiomyoma* ; Mitochondria ; Muscle Cells ; Muscle, Smooth ; Organelles ; Retrospective Studies ; Vacuoles

Sporadic sclerotic fibroma (SF) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) arising in the oral cavity are very rare. In this report, we describe two cases of oral pathology, one involving SF and the other involving SFT. Both cases presented with well- circumscribed, firm nodules with similar gross findings. However, the histologic findings of the SF and SFT showed rather distinct features. The SF was composed of hyalinized sclerotic collagen bundles arranged in a whorled pattern, whereas the SFT was formed by spindles cells arranged in hypo- and hypercellular areas. The immunohistochemical findings were similar in both cases; there was positivity for vimentin, CD34, and CD99, but bcl-2 positivity was only seen in the SFT. Although their histopathologies are similar, SF and SFT should be considered in the differential diagnosis of soft tissue tumors in the oral cavity.
Adult ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Antigens, CD34/analysis ; Cell Adhesion Molecules/analysis ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Fibroma/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Mouth/chemistry/*pathology ; Mouth Neoplasms/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Neoplasms, Fibrous Tissue/*diagnosis/metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2/analysis ; Vimentin/analysis

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign and self-limiting non-Langerhans-cell histiocytosis that generally occurs during infancy and childhood. It develops frequently in the head and neck but is very rare in the nasal cavity. To date, only five cases of JXG in the nasal cavity have been reported. Here, we report the second case of JXG in the nasal cavity in Korea. A 19-year-old male patient presented with a protruding 1.1 cm mass in the left nasal vestibule. Histologically, a dense dermal infiltrate of histiocytes with Touton giant cells was observed. Immunohistochemically, the histiocytes tested positive for CD68 and the S-100 protein but negative for CD1a. This shows that a S-100-positive histiocytic lesion dose not exclude a diagnosis of JXG.
Diagnosis ; Giant Cells ; Head ; Histiocytes ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; Histiocytosis, Non-Langerhans-Cell ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Nasal Cavity* ; Neck ; S100 Proteins ; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile* ; Young Adult

No abstract available.
Humans* ; Hybridomas*

No abstract available.
Clone Cells* ; Humans* ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; T-Lymphocytes*

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to investigate the expression of p16, retinoblastoma (Rb) and fragile histidine triad (FHIT) proteins in urothelial carcinomas of the urinary bladder, and to evaluate the relationship between clinicopathlogic parameters and each protein expression level. METHODS: The expression of p16, Rb, and FHIT proteins were studied in 176 patients with urothelial carcinoma of the urinary bladder by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: The diffuse positive expression of the p16 protein was significantly associated with high grade and advanced tumor depth (p=0.007 and p=0.020). The loss of the Rb protein was significantly associated with old age and disease recurrence (p=0.020 and 0.037). The loss of the FHIT protein was significantly associated with advanced tumor depth (p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that p16 and FHIT proteins may be involved in the progression of urothelial carcinoma. In addition, p16 may be a useful prognostic marker for individual urothelial carcinoma patients.

Sclerosing mucoepidermoid carcinoma (SMEC) is a very rare tumor of the salivary gland. There have been eight cases of SMEC reported in the medical literature; this is the first reported case in Korea. A 51-year-old woman presented with a right infra-auricular mass that she had for 3 years. We performed superficial parotidectomy. Grossly, the resected parotid gland showed a well-circumscribed firm mass. Histologically, the tumor consisted of central solid or ductal tumor nests within a dense fibrous stroma surrounded by peripheral lymphoid infiltration. The tumor nests were composed of squamous, intermediate and mucin-secreting cells. However, the tumor cells lacked mitosis and nuclear anaplasia. The lymphoid cells were mostly composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells with occasional eosinophils and neutrophils. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for high- and low- molecular weight cytokeratins, cytokeratin 7, p16INK4A, Bcl-2 and cyclin D1. The patient also underwent radiation therapy. We report here on a case of SMEC of the parotid gland along with the immunohistochemical characteristics, and we review the relevant literature.
Anaplasia ; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid* ; Cyclin D1 ; Eosinophils ; Female ; Humans ; Keratin-7 ; Keratins ; Korea ; Lymphocytes ; Middle Aged ; Mitosis ; Molecular Weight ; Neutrophils ; Parotid Gland* ; Plasma Cells ; Salivary Glands ; Sclerosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes after treatment of femoral neck fractures in patients 75 years of age or older. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the records of 186 patients 75 years of age or older who underwent bipolar hemiarthroplasty between March 1995 and March 2005 and who were followed for more than two years after surgery. The mean patient age was 84.3 years (range 75~99 years). Forty-eight patients were men, and 138 patients were women. The mean follow-up period was 68.4 months (range 24~113 months). We evaluated the results by analyzing modified Harris hip score, walking ability, activities of daily living, complications, osteoporosis, and radiologic findings. RESULTS: The mean Harris hip score was 89.2 (range 74~95). Walking ability was recovered in 87.6% of cases (163 cases), and activities of daily living were achieved in 85.4% of cases (159 cases). There were 3 cases of acetabular erosion or proximal migration and 3 cases of aseptic loosening in a cemented stem. Thigh pain occurred in 8 cemented stems and in 4 cementless stems. CONCLUSION: We believe bipolar hemiarthroplasty is a useful treatment in elderly patients with femoral neck fractures and severe osteoporosis, especially in view of the stable and rigid fixation of the femoral stem, early ambulation, and the low rate of complications and death, even if the operation is technically very difficult.
Activities of Daily Living ; Aged ; Early Ambulation ; Female ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur Neck ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemiarthroplasty ; Hip ; Humans ; Male ; Osteoporosis ; Thigh ; Walking