No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

A 25 year-old man complained of pain at the distal interphalangeal joint of the middle finger for 3 months. The radiographs revealed an unicondylar osteolytic lesion at the head of middle phalanx. Enchondroma was initially suspected and curettage was performed, and final diagnosis was chondroblastoma. The size of the lesion increased and multiple septation developed at 9 months follow up. Curettage and bone graft was performed. Radiologic improvement was observed at 1 year after operation. Chondroblastoma developing at the phalanx is first report in our country, and this report can serve as a reminder at the diagnosis of osteolytic lesion in hand.
Adult ; Chondroblastoma* ; Chondroma ; Curettage ; Diagnosis ; Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hand* ; Head ; Humans ; Joints ; Transplants

PURPOSE: The minimum stimulus onset asynchronoy(SOAmin) is one of important experimental parameters for an event-related fMRl experiment designed with the stochastic stimulus. In this study, the most efficient SOAmin is explored for the stronger activation in motor and language tasks with the stimulus designed stochastically. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The event-related fMRl during motor and language tasks were obtained in four normal right-handed subjects. EPI-BOLD sequence is used at 1.5 Tesla MR system for the acquisition of event-related fMRl. For each task the subjects are responded for the stimulus' with 2, 3, 4, and 6 seconds SOAmin. The obtained images are processed with SPM99, and the p value is set as 0.05 for the significant activation detection. The Z value and the number of activated pixels are compared for each task. RESULTS: For the motor task, the primary and supplementary motor areas are activated, and for the language task the consistent activated signals are detected in the Broca's. The activated signal is to be stronger for the shorter SOAmin for both motor and language tasks. At primary motor area, the activated signals is the strongest for 3 seconds SOAmin and for the supplementary motor area the result with 2 seconds SOAmin shows the strongest activation. And the result of language task shows the strongest activation at the 2 seconds SOAmin. CONCLUSION: In the event-related fMRl of motor and language tasks with the stochastically designed stimulus, the 2 or 3 seconds SOAmin is efficient for more activated and clustered activation.

Background: Although respiratory tract infection is one of the most important factors triggering acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AE-COPD), limited data are available to suggest an epidemiologic pattern of microbiology in South Korea. Methods: A multicenter observational study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2018 across 28 hospitals in South Korea. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe acute exacerbations of COPD were eligible to participate in the present study. The participants underwent all conventional tests to identify etiology of microbial pathogenesis. The primary outcome was the percentage of different microbiological pathogens causing AE-COPD. A comparative microbiological analysis of the patients with overlapping asthma–COPD (ACO) and pure COPD was performed. Results: We included 1,186 patients with AE-COPD. Patients with pure COPD constituted 87.9% and those with ACO accounted for 12.1%. Nearly half of the patients used an inhaled corticosteroid-containing regimen and one-fifth used systemic corticosteroids. Respiratory pathogens were found in 55.3% of all such patients. Bacteria and viruses were detected in 33% and 33.2%, respectively. Bacterial and viral coinfections were found in 10.9%. The most frequently detected bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.8%), and the most frequently detected virus was influenza A (10.4%). Multiple bacterial infections were more likely to appear in ACO than in pure COPD (8.3% vs. 3.6%, p=0.016). Conclusion Distinct microbiological patterns were identified in patients with moderate-to-severe AE-COPD in South Korea. These findings may improve evidence-based management of patients with AE-COPD and represent the basis for further studies investigating infectious pathogens in patients with COPD.