No abstract available.
Hepatitis* ; Immunoglobulins* ; Plasmapheresis*

No abstract available.
Bacteremia*

Accurate analysis of urinary calculi is fundamental for study of the etiology of stone formation and essential for treatment of urinary stone and its prevention. Among various methods for stone analysis, infrared spectroscopy analysis may be an ideal method to determine the accurate composition of urinary calculi by simple procedure in a short time. We have analyzed 100 urinary calculi by infrared spectroscopy with KBr tablet method. Stones were obtained from the patients visited our hospital during the period from January, 1980 to December, 1981. The following results were obtained: 1. Mixed stone (68%) is more common than pure stone (32%) . The most common type of calculus is calcium oxalate-tribasic calcium phosphate (57%) . The common type of component is calcium oxalate (47.3%) . 2. Calcium oxalate and tribasic calcium phosphate are contained most frequently in renal, ureteral and bladder stones. 3. Uric acid and cystine stones are found in acid urine, and most of magnesium ammonium phosphate and tribasic phosphate stones were found in alkaline urine. Calcium oxalate stones are found in urine with wider range of pH. 4. 30 of 100 patients have bacteriuria on culture. 10 of 13 patients with struvite stones showed bacteriuria and most of them are urea-splitting organisms.5. 5 cases of 16 laminated calculi contain the different components in nucleus and outer layer.
Ammonium Compounds ; Bacteriuria ; Calcium ; Calcium Oxalate ; Calculi ; Cystine ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium ; Spectrum Analysis* ; Ureter ; Uric Acid ; Urinary Bladder Calculi ; Urinary Calculi*

No abstract available.
Tissue Expansion*

Twelve cases of Wilms tumor proved by histological examination are recorded and the literature is reviewed because of the paucity of the reports on this neoplasm occurring in Koreans. The average age incidence was 4.2 years; the youngest patient was 9 months of age and the oldest one was 23 years of age. Three fourths of the patients were children under three years of age. Seven were males and five were females. The incidence of Wilms tumor among all renal cancers was 57 per cent and this is much higher than that reported in the foreign literature. This high incidence may be attributed to a much higher incidence of this neoplasm among Korean infants and children. The most prominent clinical finding was abdominal swelling and a palpable mass, but fever, hypertension, irritability, hematuria and cough were other common symptoms. Hypertension was encountered in 89 per cent of the cases. The common laboratory findings were anemia, leukocytosis, increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate and proteinuria. Gross and microscopic findings are described. All specimens were much 1arger than the normal kidney. The largest specimen, kidney plus tumor, weighed 1,800 gm. The tumors were composed of well formed tubules. solid islands of dark staining undifferentiated cells presumably of mesoblastic origin and various elements of stromal cells. The proportion of each element varied markedly from case to case and also in different parts of the same tumor. Nests of squamous cells, some of them forming pearls, and cystic structures identical with epidermal cysts were observed in three of our 12 cases, but unequivocal striated muscle cells as well as bone or cartilage were found in none of our cases. Some nests of squamous cells observed in tubules suggested that they were derived from metaplasia of the lining epithelium.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Human ; Korea ; Middle Aged ; Nephrectomy ; Nephroblastoma/*epidemiology/pathology ; Urography

The vesicoureteral reflux ie the most important causative factor in the development of recurrent pyelonephritis and renal scarring. We observed clinical significance of VUR in the patients with acute pyelonephritis. 90 patients with acute pyelonephritis were seen during the period from July 1977 to June 1982. Patients were excluded from this study if there was a history of pregnancy, neurogenic bladder, diabetes mellitus and infravesical obstruction. Excretory urography, endoscopy and voiding cystourethrogram were performed. 15 of 43 patients with acute pyelonephritis examined by VCU, proved to have reflux. Most of them were Fade IIb. The results were as follows. 1. Among 15 patients with reflux, 8 were children. 2. All of 8 patients with recurrent pyelonephritis had reflux, 6 of 8 patients with renal scarring had reflux. 3. 11 of 14 patients with abnormal ureteral orifice had ipsilateral reflux. 4. Medical treatment was successful in 4 of 5 patients with grade I reflux. 5. Surgery was successful in 4 of 5 patients (6/7 ureters)
Child ; Cicatrix ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Pyelonephritis* ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; Urography ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux*

This study was performed to elucidate the hormone dependence of collagen levels in male accessory sex organs. Sex hormones were administered to male rats with castration, and their effects on the ventral prostate and seminal vesicles were studied by changes of parameters such as organ weight, DNA and collagen contents. 1. In normal rat ventral prostate and seminal vesicles, organ weight, DNA and collagen contents were found to increase with aging. 2. After castration, all the parameters(organ weight, DNA content, and collagen content) were decreased in both ventral prostate and seminal vesicles. While castration produced marked reductions in organ weight and DNA content, collagen levels in seminal vesicles and ventral prostate were reduced only 43% and 59%, respectively. 3. in the ventral prostate, estrogen treatment of castrates had no stimulatory effects of collagen or other parameters. In contrast, estrogen treatment significantly decreased the reduction of organ weight and collagen levels in seminal vesicles, but neither collagen levels nor other parameters were restored to normal. 4. In castrates, the regression in seminal vesicles and ventral prostate collagen levels and other parameters were prevented by testosterone treatment. Since effects of combined treatment of testosterone and estrogen were not different with those of testosterone treatment, there may be no synergistic relationship between androgen and estrogen. 5. According to above results, androgen is of primary significance in collagen growth of male accessory sex organ. In castrates, estrogen has some stimulatory effects to collagen of seminal vesicle, but no stimulatory effect to collagen of ventral prostate.
Aging ; Animals ; Castration ; Collagen* ; DNA ; Estrogens ; Genitalia* ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones* ; Humans ; Male* ; Organ Size ; Prostate ; Rats* ; Seminal Vesicles ; Testosterone

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly altered the daily lives of people in unprecedented ways, causing a variety of mental health problems. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of depression among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and explore the factors associated with depressive mood using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES). Methods: We analyzed participants aged ≥ 19 years from KNHANES 2018 (n = 5,837) and 2020 (n = 5,265) to measure and compare the prevalence of depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression was defined as a score ≥ 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Furthermore, we performed a multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the independent predictors of depressive mood during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: The prevalence of depression was notably higher during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic period (5.2% vs. 4.3%, P = 0.043). In a multivariate model, female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-2.41), age < 50 years (19–29 years: aOR, 7.31; 95% CI, 2.40–22.21; 30–39 years: aOR, 7.38; 95% CI, 2.66–20.47; 40–49 years: aOR, 4.94; 95% CI, 1.84–13.31 compared to ≥ 80 years), unemployment (aOR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.41–2.85), upper-middle class household income (aOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.18– 2.85 compared to upper-class income), being a beneficiary of Medicaid (aOR, 2.35; 95% CI, 1.33–4.14), poor self-rated health (aOR, 4.99; 95% CI, 1.51–3.47 compared to good self-rated health), and current smoking (aOR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.51–3.47) were found to be significant risk factors for depression during the pandemic. Conclusion Depression was significantly more prevalent among Korean adults during the COVID-19 pandemic than in the pre-pandemic era. Therefore, more attention should be paid to individuals vulnerable to depression during pandemics. Implementing psychological support public policies and developing interventions to prevent the adverse outcomes of COVID-19-related depression should be considered.

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Coxiella burnetii* ; Coxiella* ; Prevalence*

PURPOSE: To assess the performance of the dynamic contour tonometer (DCT) in eyes undergoing excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured in 30 eyes after first time excimer laser PRK pre and three months post operatively using Goldmann applanation tonometer (GAT), noncontact air tonometer (NCT), and the DCT. RESULTS: There was significant correlation between central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP measurements by GAT and NCT (CCT vs GAT: r2=0.31, p<0.01, CCT vs NCT: r2=0.39, p<0.01). However, the correlation between CCT and IOP measurements by DCT was not significant (CCT vs DCT: r2=0.14, p=0.32). After PRK, the mean change in CCT and IOP measurements using GAT, NCT, DCT were 73.70+/-26.92 micrometer (mean+/-SD), 2.43+/-2.86 mmHg (p<0.01), 3.83+/-2.34 mmHg (p<0.01) and 0.44+/-1.51 mmHg (p=0.125), respectively. The preoperative and postoperative DCT measurements did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: The reduction in CCT induced by PRK doesn't appear to influence DCT measurements; therefore, DCT may be better suited over GAT or NCT for monitoring IOP in eyes that underwent refractive surgery.
Eye ; Intraocular Pressure ; Lasers, Excimer ; Peptides ; Photorefractive Keratectomy ; Refractive Surgical Procedures