BACKGROUND: Stress is found to have influence on physical and mental disorders, and also to daily life styles related to physical health and mental stress. There are many studies that concern the stress and coping response and the relation ships physical, mental disorders and stress. But relationship between stress and life styles have seldom been investigated. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between stress and life styles. METHODS: From June 2, 1997 to June 30, 1997, we selected 463 businessmen we who had undergone regular health screening SUN hospital as subjects of the investigation in the survey on life styles included diet habit, salt ingestion, meat ingestion, alcohol drinking, smoking habit, physical exercise, sleep disturbance, and stress perception was measured by Psychosocial Well-being Index(PWI). RESULTS: 'There was significant difference in diet habit according to ages, marital status education level, monthly income(P<0.01), and job tenure(P<0.01), salt ingestion according to monthly income and body mass index(P<0.05), alcohol drinking according to religion or none, smoking according to age, marital status, monthly income, body mass index(P<0.05), and religion(P<0.01), exercise according to age, education level(P<0.01), monthly income(P<0.01), job department, and job tenure(P<0.05), and sleep disturbance according to age, education level, body mass index(P<0.05), and monthly income(P<0.01). There was no difference in the average scores of PWI according to general characteristics. The average scores of PWI concerning about life styles showed significant difference in diet habit, arcohol drinking, smoking habit, exercise, and sleep disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation of health habit and motility rate has already proved. This investigation has showed that there is a correlation between life styles and stress. So, we concluded that it is the best way to keep the good health habit by stress control for health promotion and disease prevention.
Alcohol Drinking ; Commerce* ; Drinking ; Eating ; Education ; Exercise ; Food Habits ; Health Promotion ; Life Style* ; Marital Status ; Mass Screening ; Meat ; Mental Disorders ; Ships ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Solar System

BACKGROUND: The signal pathways and their precise roles for acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by endotoxin (ETX) has not been established. Since there has been several in vitro experiments suggesting that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) pathway may be responsible for endotoxin-induced inflammatory reaction, we performed in vivo experiments in the rats with the hypothesis that PKC-inhibition can effectively prevent endotoxin-induced acute lung injury. METHODS: We studied the role of PKC in ETX-induced ALl using PKC inhibitor (staurosporine, 5Th) in the rat. Specific pathogen free male Sprague-Dawley weighted from 165 to 270g were used for the study. Animals were divided into the normal control (NC)-, vehicle control (VC)-, ETX-, PMA (phorbolmyristateacetate)-, STP+PMA-, and STP+ETX-group. PMA (50mg/kg) or ETX (7mg/kg) was instilled through polyethylen catheter after aseptic tracheostomy with and without STP (0.2mg/kg) pretreatment. STP was injected via tail vein 30mm before intratracheal injection (IT) of PMA or ETX. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was done 3- or 6-hrs after IT of PMA or FTX respectively, to measure protein concentration, total and differential cell counts. RESULTS The results were as follows. The protein concentrations in BALF in the PMA- and ETX-group were very higher than that of VC-group (p<0.001). When animals were pretreated with STP, the %reduction of the protein concentration in BALF was 64.8 8.5 and 30.4 2.5% in the STP+PMA- and STP+ETX-group, respectively (p=0.028). There was no difference in the total cell counts between the PMA-and VC-group (p = 0.26). However the ETX-group showed markedly increased total cell counts as compared to the VC- (p=0.003) and PMA group (p=0.0027), respectively. The total cell counts in BALF were not changed after pretreatment with STP compared to the PMA- (p=0.22) and ETX-group (p=0.46). The percentage of PMN, but not alveolar macrophage, was significantly elevated in the PMA-, and ETX-group. Especially in the ETX-group, the percentage of PMN was 17 times higher than that of PMA (p<0.001). The differential cell counts was not different between the PMA and STP+PMA. On the contrary the STP+ETX-group showed decreased percentage of PMN (p = 0.016). There was no significant relationship between the protein concentration and the total or differential cell counts in each group. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PKC-inhibitor (staurosporine) partially but significantly inhibited ETX-in-duced ALI.
Acute Lung Injury* ; Animals ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Catheters ; Cell Count ; Humans ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Male ; Protein Kinase C* ; Protein Kinases* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; Signal Transduction ; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms ; Staurosporine ; Tracheostomy ; Veins

BACKGROUND: Reoperation for recurrent bile duct cancer is almost impossible. We report here on a successfully managed case of recurrent Klatskin tumor. METHODS: A 45-year-old male was referred to our hospital with a relapsed Klatskin tumor 7 months after performing resection of his extrahepatic bile duct for Bismuth type I Klatskin tumor. The CT scan showed type IV Klatskin tumor with peritoneal dissemination. However, the PETCT scan didn't find any evidence of tumor. We decided to perform exploratory laparotomy to check the operability and confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS: No peritoneal dissemination was found during the first operation. After massive adhesiolysis, the jejunum was detached from the hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) site, and frozen biopsy confirmed adenocarcinoma at the strictured HJ site. The preoperatively measured left lateral sector was too small. Therefore, right trisectionectomy and caudate lobectomy were performed with keeping intact the right and left side inflow and outflow. HJ was performed in the normal B2 and B3 segments. Portal vein embolization (PVE) was done one week after the first operation. The volume of the left lateral sector increased three weeks after PVE. We safely and completely removed the right trisector and caudate lobe one month after the first operation. He recovered well and was discharged 4 weeks after the operation. No evidence of recurrence was found 14 months after the last operation. CONCLUSIONS: Although there is a possibility of severe adhesion and tumor spreading due to two-staged operation, this procedure may be one of the alternative methods to prevent liver failure that is due to an inadequate liver volume in the case of performing unexpected, extended liver resection. The authors also confirmed that curative resection was feasible to perform in selected cases of recurrent bile duct cancer.
Adenocarcinoma ; Bile Duct Neoplasms ; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic ; Biopsy ; Bismuth ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Jejunum ; Klatskin's Tumor* ; Laparotomy ; Liver ; Liver Failure ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Portal Vein ; Recurrence ; Reoperation ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND: Aortic valve stenosis induces left ventricular hypertrophy as an adaptive response to the chronic overload caused by the valve disease. Despite the fact that aortic valve replacement may lead to regression of the left ventricular hypertrophy, there is a controversy on the change of the left ventricular muscle after use of small prostheses. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed 20 patients who had undergone aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis. There were 13 males and 7 females with a mean age of 61+/-13.8 years. A retrospective analysis of Doppler echocardiography was undertaken in preoperatively, early postoperatively(mean 10.4days), and late postoperatively(mean 29.9 months). They were divided into two groups according to the size of prosthesis used(group 1; 21 mm or smaller, group 2; 23 mm or larger). RESULT: Significant improvement of NYHA Functional class was detected in all groups. Ejection fraction was not significantly different in the group 1 between preoperative and postoperative period, however it increased significantly in the group 2 over time. But preoperative ejection fraction of the group 2 was significantly lower than that in the group 1(p=0.044). Left ventricular muscle mass index(g/m2) was not reduced significantly in the group 1 at the early postoperative period, but it was reduced significantly at the late postoperative period. In the group 2 it was reduced significantly over time. CONCLUSION: Both groups showed clinical improvement. However, the number of patients in whom 19 mm size prosthesis was used was only two. Thus, we suggest that more attention to age, BSA, and exercise should be paid in patients who will undergo aortic valve.
Aortic Valve Stenosis ; Aortic Valve* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular* ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Prostheses and Implants* ; Retrospective Studies

No abstract available.
Lung Neoplasms* ; Lung* ; Peroxidase*

PURPOSE: Hepatolithiasis has been regarded as having a potential of to invoke cholangiocarcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of survivin in hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma, and to try to predict whether hepatolithiasis plays a role in the carcinogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma. We also investigated the expression of survivin according to subcellular sites (cytoplasmic and nuclear) in the cholangiocarcinoma specimens and to correlation this with the clinical outcome. METHODS: Thirty-four surgically resected hepatolithiasis specimens and ten stone-containing cholangiocarcinoma specimens were the focus of this study. Immunohistochemical staining was done to check the expression of survivin in the hepatolithiasis and cholangiocarcinoma specimens. We classified the survivin positive group according to the subcellular sites in the cholangiocarcinoma specimens. RESULTS: The expression rate of survivin was 5.9% in the hyperplasia specimens, 47.1% in the dysplasia specimens and 90% in the adenocarcinoma specimens (p < 0.01), respectively. The over expression of nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin was seen in 3 specimens and 6 specimens, respectively, among the survivin positive specimens (9 total specimens) of the cholangiocarcinoma specimens. The median survival time of the nuclear and cytoplasmic expression groups of patients was 1.5 months and 10 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the overexpression of survivin in hepatolithiasis could be associated with cholangiocarcinoma based on the sequentially increased survivin expression. We purpose that the nuclear survivin expression predicts aggressive clinical behavior of cholangiocarcninoma.
Adenocarcinoma ; Carcinogenesis ; Cholangiocarcinoma* ; Cytoplasm ; Humans ; Hyperplasia