The authors studied the diagnostic usefulness of the Topographic analysis of EEG, using Topography ststem 700 (San-ei), in evaluation of supratentorial focal cerebral lesions of 27 patients with various etiology, comparing with visual anslysis of EEG. Focal cerebral lesions, which were proven with brain C-T, were 11 cases of cerebral infarction, 6 of intracranial hematoma, 6 of cerebral gliolysis and 4 of others. The topography system displays the spatial distribution of activity in the classic delta, theta, alpha and beta frequency and computed mapping of EEG displays equipotential maps of square of roots of power spectra over each frequency band. For visual analysis of slow waves and background activity changes, Mayo classification system of EEG abnormality was used and for visual evaluation of topographic display, above system was also applied with some modification in order to compare with the data of visual analysis of conventional EEG. The results of the study were as follows; 1. While visual analysis of conventional anlysis of EEGs showed abnormality only in 13 cases (48.1%) of 27, topographic analysis showed abnormality in 22 cases (81.5%). Topographic analysis was more sensitive than than visual analysis of the EEG and topographic analysis was thought to be more sensitive in assessment of local slow waves as well as minor changes, especially slight asymmetry, of background EEG activity. 2. Topographic analysis showed higher concor dance rate (55.6%) to the brain C-T finding in lateralization of supratentorial focal cerbral lesion than that (44.4%) of visual analysis of the conventional EEG.
Bisoprolol ; Brain ; Cerebral Infarction ; Classification ; Electroencephalography* ; Hematoma ; Humans

Complication of transurethral prostatic resection is hemorrhage, water intoxication, urethral stricture, perforation of bladder neck and surgical capsule, urinary incontinence . and infection. Hemorrhage is the most usual complication of TURP. Measurement of blood loss during TURP is very difficult because of dilution of blood with irrigating fluid and is very important to management of patient during and after surgery because its objectives are elderly patient. We studied the blood loss during TURP in 41 patients from Jan., 1984 to June, 1985, but 6patients were excluded because blood transfusion was performed during TURP by recognition of massive blood loss. Blood loss was measured in 35 cases by spectrophotometer used benzidine-heme color reaction. Following results were obtained. 1. Blood loss during TURP per time was 329+/-241 ml (Mean+/-S.D.) 2. Resection time was 71+21 min (Mean+/-S.D.) and blood loss per minute was 4.61 ml. Correlation coefficient between resection time and blood loss was +0.12 and was not significant. 3. Resected prostatic chip weight was 17.6+/-7.3 gm(Mean+/-S.D.) and blood loss per gram was 18.7 ml. Correlation coefficient between resected weight and lood loss was +0.29 and was significant weakly. 4. Irrigation fluid was used 22.2+8.l L (Mean+/-S.D.) and blood loss per liter was 14.8ml. Correlation coefficient between irrigation fluid and blood loss was +0.32 and was significant weakly.
Aged ; Blood Transfusion ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Neck ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate* ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Incontinence ; Water Intoxication

Among many causes of calcium containing urinary stones, the hypercalciuria associated with normocalcemia is the most common one. Absorptive hypercalciuria and renal hypercalciuria constitute two major forms of idiopathic hypercalciuria. According to Coe et al., a renal leak of calcium and secondary hyperparathyroidism are present in renal hypercalciuria but not in absorptive hypercalciuria. It has been suggested that fasting urinary cAMP may provide a measure of parathyroid function. So determination of fasting urinary calcium and cAMP may be useful in the differentiation of the two major forms of idiopathic hypercalciuria. We performed the study to evaluate the significance of urinary calcium and cAMP in the determinating the types of hypercalciuria. Calcium metabolism studies and urinary cAMP determination were done in 28 in-patients with urinary stones under usual diet and fasting state. The results were as followings: 1. Among 28 patients, 15 patients had renal hypercalciuria, 6 had absorptive hypercalciuria and 7 had normocalciuria. 2. On usual diet, 24-hour urine cAMP level was 3.815+/-0.560 nmol/mg creatinine in renal hypercalciuria, 3.508+/-1.253 nmol/mg creatinine in absorptive hypercalciuria and 3.202+/-0.980 nmol/mg creatinine in normocalciuric patients. 3. On fasting state, 2-hour urine cAMP level was 4.611+/-2.591 nmol/mg creatinine in renal hypercalciuria, 4.304+/-3.173 nmol/mg creatinine in absorptive hypercalciuria and 2.400+/-1.080 nmol/mg creatinine in normocalciuric patients. 4. urinary cAMP on usual diet and fasting condition did not differ significantly among 15 renal and 6 absorptive hypercalciuric patients. (t-value; 0.82 and 0.22, respectively, p>0.1)
Calcium ; Creatinine ; Diet ; Fasting ; Humans ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperparathyroidism, Secondary ; Metabolism ; Urinary Calculi*

A total of 28 consecutive patients underwent total cystectomy and urinary diversion from May, l978 to April, l986. The range of patient age was from 46 years old to 84 years old. The sex of patients was 24 in male and 4 in female. Histopathological diagnosis of specimen was transitional cell carcinoma in 25 cases, squamous cell carcinoma in 2 cases and carcinosarcoma in a case. Accuracy rate of clinical staging by pelvic CT scanning was low as 44%, clinical overstaging was 44% and clinical understaging was l2%. Early complication after cystectomy was occurred in l4 cases as wound infection, paralytic ileus, parastomal dermatitis, etc. Late complication was occurred in 8 cases as acute pyelonephritis, stomal stenosis, renal function deterioration and adhesive ileus. Mean follow up period of survival patients was 35.2 months with a range from 4 months to 96 months. Deaths during follow up were 8 patients and the average survival period was 20.6 months.
Adhesives ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Carcinosarcoma ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Cystectomy* ; Dermatitis ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Ileus ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyelonephritis ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms* ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Diversion ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: To evaluate the result of arthroscopic modified Brostrom procedure with suture anchor for chronic lateral ankle instability. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with chronic lateral ankle instability were analyzed, who underwent arthroscopic modified Brostrom procedure between December 2010 and May 2012. Clinical evaluation was performed using AOFAS scroring and Sefton grading system. RESULTS: The average AOFAS hind foot score increased from preoperative 61.9 to 88.8 at the last follow up. There were 35 excellent, 9 good, 4 fair, 4 poor results according to Sefton grading system. For one patient, lateral ankle instability recurred. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic modified Brostrom procedure is considered to be an effective and satisfactory technique.
Ankle* ; Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Foot ; Humans ; Suture Anchors

No abstract available.
Catheters*

Renal angiomyolipoma is an uncommon hamartial and benign tumor. There are two types of renal angiomyolipoma. One is associated with tuberous sclerosis, which is small, bilateral and usually not combined with symptom. The other is not associated with tuberous sclerosis, which is large, solitary and usually combined with symptoms. But bilateral renal angiomyolipomas without the stigma of tuberous sclerosis have been reported rarely. In most of them bilateral lesions were found at same time. We present a case of 32 years old woman with bilateral. renal angiomyolipomas without tuberous sclerosis. This patient was undergone right nephrectomy due to angiomyolipoma on November, 1981 and left kidney was normal at that time. 3 years after operation, patient was diagnosed as left renal angiomyolipoma by CT scanning.
Adult ; Angiomyolipoma* ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Nephrectomy ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to find out the normal distal tibial articular surface angle in coronal plane in Koreans. This would be helpful as the basic data for ankle reconstruction after trauma or deformity correction. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Weight bearing anteroposterior radiographs of 123 normal ankles were reviewed. A line parallel to the shaft of the tibia was made. Another line was drawn parallel to the articular surface of the distal tibia. The superolateral angle that subtended by these two lines was measured. RESULTS: There were 72 males and 51 females. The mean age overall was 35.7 years old. The mean age for males was 31.9 (28~36) years old. The mean age for females was 41.1 (37~45) years old. The mean distal tibial articular surface angle was 90.8 degrees. The mean distal tibial articular surface angle for males was 91.5 degrees and for females 89.9 degrees. CONCLUSION: The mean distal tibial articular surface angle in coronal plane for Koreans is 90.8 degrees. We can avoid the error of the varization at the ankle alignment when the correction was performed vertical or minimal valgus to tibia tuberosity axis in Korean people.
Ankle ; Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

Purpose: To analyze topographic progression of geographic atrophy with different concentric circles centered on the fovea in correlation with decrease of visual acuity. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 36 eyes of 26 patients diagnosed with geographic atrophy and followed at least 1 year. One millimeter circular area at the foveal center were defined as zone 1, and doughnut shape areas from between 1 and 2 mm to between 5 and 6 mm were defined as zone 2 to 6. Then, changes of geographic atrophy area in each zone were measured with semi-automatic software. Correlation analysis and regression analysis were performed to determine the relationship between changes in visual acuity and atrophic area in each zone. Results: Mean age was 76.9 years and follow-up period were 3.38 years. The mean atrophic area increased from 8.09 to 16.34 mm2 and visual acuity decreased from 0.39 to 0.69 on logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution. Mean change of total geographic atrophy area was not significantly correlated with visual acuity decrease. While geographic atrophy progression within zone 1, 2, and 3 showed significant causal relationship with decrease of visual acuity (all, p < 0.05). Conclusions In contrast to the total geographic atrophy area, progression of geographic atrophy in parafoveal area was significantly correlated with decrease of visual acuity.

PURPOSE: We assessed the results of open treatment of anterior impingement syndrome of the ankle in elite level soccer players and concomitant injuries were idenfied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed twenty one elite level soccer players diagnosed with anterior impingement syndrome who underwent open debridement between January 1997 and January 2002. All were men and the mean age at the operation was 21 years (range 16 to 27). The mean follow-up duration was 31 months (13 to 71). Concomitant abnormalities were idenfied through physical examination, bone scan and MRI. On a preoperative lateral radiograph, patients were classified according to McDermott's stage. Anteromedial or anterolateral approach was used at the operation and osteophyte was removed with osteotome and rongeur. When chronic ankle instability was accompanying, we performed Modified Brostrom-Gould procedure and for osteochondral lesion, multiple drilling was applied. The Ogilvie-Harris scoring system was used as a clinical scale to evaluate pain, swelling, stiffness and limitation of activity. The results were scored as excellent (15 to 16 points), good (13 to 14) and otherwise unsatisfactory. The time to return to full activity including sports activity was determined. RESULTS: Eighteen of twenty one patients had an excellent outcome. Three patients were graded unsatisfactory and two of them abandoned their career due to the persistence of residual pain. Concomitant abnormalities were found including twelve cases of chronic ankle instability, three cases of osteochondral lesion and two cases of flexor hallucis longus tendinitis. CONCLUSION: Open debridement was successfully applied to the elite level soccer player with anterior impingement syndrome of the ankle. Considerable coexistence of other abnormalities such as chronic ankle instability may encourage us to consider additional operative procedure.
Ankle* ; Debridement ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Osteophyte ; Physical Examination ; Retrospective Studies ; Soccer* ; Sports ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Tendinopathy