No abstract available.
Malignant Atrophic Papulosis*

No abstract available.
Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy, Ectopic*

No abstract available.
Endothelial Cells* ; Hantaan virus* ; Humans* ; Umbilical Veins*

Total anomalous pulmonary venous confluence(TAPC), a rare cyanotic congenital anomaly of the heart especially in adult, is now diagnosed by echocardiography instead of cardiac catheterization with high sensitivity and specificity. The key points are identification of pulmonary veins, pulmonary venous confluence draining anomalously to the heart. RVDVO on M-mode, abnormal echo free space posterior to left atrium on 2D-echo are basic characteristics of TAPVC. Peak velocity and flow profile measurement on the doppler provide additional informations : obstruction and anomalous vessels. A case of 23 year old male with supracardiac type TAPVC diagnosed by echocardiography was corrected successfully by surgery.
Adult* ; Cardiac Catheterization ; Cardiac Catheters ; Echocardiography* ; Heart ; Heart Atria ; Humans ; Male ; Pulmonary Veins ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: We investigated the results of voiding parameters according to the subtypes of audiovisual stimulation (AVS)- and sexual stimulation (SS)-penogram in patients with both erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty seven patients with ED and LUTS were included in this study. Erectile function was evaluated by international index of erectile function (IIEF)-5, AVS-penogram, and SS-penogram. After AVS-penogram, SS-penogram was performed 30 minutes after taking mirodenafil (100mg) orally. We also evaluated voiding function with international prostatic symptom score (IPSS), quality of life score (QoL), urinary flow rate (UFR), residual urine volume (RV), and transrectal ultrasonograpy (TRUS). Voiding functionparameters were analyzed according to the subtypes of AVS- and SS-penogram. RESULTS: Although there was tendency that the IIEF-5 scores were lower in patients who showed decreased erectile responses on AVS-penogram, but it did not reach the statistical significance (p= 0.09). The RV was significantly increased as the erectile function worsens based on AVS-penogram (p= 0.003). However, no significant relationship was found betweenresults of SS-penogram and voiding function parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed some relationship between voiding function and erectile function evaluated by AVS-penogram, but not by SS-penogram, in patients with both ED and LUTS. AVS-penogram, as well as IIEF questionnaire, may play an important role in predicting voiding function in patient with both conditions .
Erectile Dysfunction ; Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms ; Male ; Pyrimidinones ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Sulfonamides

FISH is suggested as a possible method to detect the numerical and structural abnormalities of chromosomes in interphase nucleus. We performed this study to discuss the clinical usefulness of FISH in uncultured amniocytes and to set up the cut-off value for further study. We collected amniotic fluid samples from patients whose chromosome studies were recommended due to screen positive for Down and Edword syndrome in triple marker test using maternal serum. The centromeric probe for chromosome 18 and the locus-specific probe for chromosome 21 were used and the results were compared to their karyotypes. We could find 2 cases of trisony 21 and 2 cases of trisony 18 and the other cases represented normal karyotypes. The accuracies were 91% for disomy 18, 89% for trisomy 18, 92% for disomy 21 and 88% for trisomy 21. Therefore FISH technique is a possible method to detect the chromosomal abnormalities in uncultured amniocytes and the use of locus-specific probe for chromosome 21 would be more useful for detecting the aneuploidy of chromosome 21 than 13/21 centromeric probe.
Amniotic Fluid ; Aneuploidy ; Chromosome Aberrations ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21 ; Down Syndrome* ; Female ; Fluorescence* ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization* ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Interphase ; Karyotype ; Trisomy

BACKGROUND: Dysferlin is a 230 kDa protein of the sarcolemma. This encoding gene is mutated in patients with dysferlinopathy (limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy), which is characterized byan active muscle degeneration and regeneration process. Dysferlin is known to play an essential role in muscle signaling and muscle fiber repair. We studied the gene to define its functional role in muscle repair and differentiation in human skeletal muscle of the patients with myopathies and cultured human myoblast. METHODS: An immunohistochemical analysis of dysferlin and N-CAM in biopsied muscle tissue obtained from eleven patients with myopathies [six patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), two patients with dermatomyositis (DM), two patients with polymyositis (PM), and one patient with dysferlinopathy (MM)] and eight normal controls. Cultured human myoblast obtained from normal muscle tissue was also analyzed by the expression of dysferlin through immunocytochemical staining and western blot. RESULTS: The immunoreactivity of dysferlin was strongly expressed in regenerative muscle fibers of myopathies except dysferlinpathy, which was co-localization with N-CAM by double immunohistochemistry. By western blot analysis, the expression level of dysferlin was variable in myopathies compared to normal controls, but no expression in dyferlinopathy. The expression of dysferlin in myotubes was significantly increased compared to that in myoblast by immunostaining and western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that the expression of dysferlin increased in regenerative and degenerative muscle fibers and also increased in myoblast differentiation. Our study supports that dysferlin not only has a role in skeletal muscle development but also in regeneration/repair process.
Blotting, Western ; Dermatomyositis ; Humans ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Muscular Diseases* ; Muscular Dystrophies ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; Myoblasts ; Polymyositis ; Regeneration ; Sarcolemma

OBJECTIVES: To demonstrate the structural pathogenesis of schizophrenia, this study measures cerebral and cerebellar volumes of antipsychotics-navie and first episode schizophrenic patients. Also this study analyzes morphological character of patients with early schizophrenia. METHODS: Volume segmentation incorporating MRI scanning was performed on 25 patients with schizophrenia(mean age: 31.2+/-7.85yr, ranging: 14-18yr) and a control group of 29 healthy dindividuals(mean age: 29.03+/-7.02yr, ranging: 18-42yr). To carry out segmentation, the cerebrum and cerebellum were partitioned by gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid using a probabilistic histologic algorithm. These images of the segments were defined as the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and cerebellum by using the semi-automated technique based on the atlas developed by Talairach. The area of dimension for each fraction was measured and its symmetry was compared. A statistical analysis was performed using the analysis of covariance by compensating the total brain volume with the level of covariance. RESULTS: The total brain volume of the schizophrenic patient group was significantly smaller than that of the control group(t=-1.986, d.f.=38.97, p=0.05). Female patients with schizophrenia showed a smaller right cerebellar volume than the female controls(F=4.20, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.046). Female with schizophrenia showed a larger left frontal white matter volume than their female controls and male with schizophrenia showed a smaller right frontal white matter volume than their male controls(F=6.89, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.012). Male patients with schizophrenia showed a larger right occipital white matter volume than the male controls. Females with schizophrenia showed a larger left occipital white matter volume than their female controls and male with schizophrenia showed a smaller left occipital white matter volume than their male controls(F=3.97, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.050). Female patients with schizophrenia showed a larger parietal white matter volume than the female controls(F=6.14, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.017). Female patients with schizophrenia also showed a smaller right and left cerebellar gray matter volume than the female controls(F=3.90, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.050). Female patients with schizophrenia also showed a smaller temporal gray matter volume than the female controls(F=4.74, d.f.=(1,51), p=0.034). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that the cerebellum and frontal lobe are involved in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, difference of white matter between schizophrenic patient and control is an important finding that suggest the importance of cortical dysconnection syndrome as pathophysiology on schizophrenia, and these findings suggest that pathogenesis of schizophrenia include many areas of brain.
Brain* ; Cerebellum ; Cerebrospinal Fluid ; Cerebrum ; Female ; Frontal Lobe ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Male ; Occipital Lobe ; Rabeprazole ; Schizophrenia*

OBJECTIVE: Although the standard of treatment for schizophrenia is antipsychotic monotherapy, overall psychotropic polypharmacy including antipsychotic polypharmacy is increasingly practiced by clinicians. However, there are very few studies that assess the prescription patterns of psychotropic drugs for patients with schizophrenia in Korea. The objective of this study is to describe changes in prescription patterns with respect to antipsychotic polypharmacy and overall psychotropic polypharmacy. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we reviewed all psychotropic drugs prescribed at the time of discharge for patients diagnosed as having schizophrenia (DSM-IV criteria) who entered a psychiatric unit of a Korean general hospital from 2001 to 2008. These included a total of 467 patients. RESULTS: Of the 467 patients in this study, 205 (43.9%) were discharged with antipsychotic monotherapy and the rest, 262 (56.1%), were discharged with a polypharmacy regimen. A total of 9% of the studied patients received more than two antipsychotic drugs. The most frequent combination of antipsychotics was clozapine and aripiprazole, followed by clozapine and amisulpride, and risperidone and olanzapine. The ratio of patients discharged with a polypharmacy regimen including antipsychotic polypharmacy increased from 2001 to 2008. In relation to the mean dose of all antipsychotic drugs at the time of discharge, mean length of hospital stay and mean initial global assessment of functioning scores on admission statistically significant differences were not detected between both monotherapy and polypharmacy groups. CONCLUSION: The main finding of this study is that polypharmacy with antipsychotics and other psychotropic medicines increased in our psychiatric unit from 2001 to 2008. The rates of antipsychotic polypharmacy in our study were less than those described in our literature review.
Antipsychotic Agents ; Benzodiazepines ; Clozapine ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Length of Stay ; Piperazines ; Polypharmacy ; Prescriptions ; Psychotropic Drugs ; Quinolones ; Retrospective Studies ; Risperidone ; Schizophrenia ; Sulpiride ; Aripiprazole

Intramuscular lipoma is a rare, benign uncapsulated tumor. It is also called infiltrating lipoma because of its infiltrative growth pattern which, deeply localized, seizes the skeletal muscle. The only obvious symptom is a palpable mass. Microscopically, fat tissue shows up between the muscle fibers. We report a case of intramuscular lipoma. The patient, a 60-year-old man, developed a nut-sized, painless, skin-colored tumor on the forehead. Laboratory studies were negative or within the normal range. Histopathological findings showed mature lipocytes infiltrate muscle in diffuse manner. The lesion had been excised completely and showed no evidence of recurrence.
Adipocytes ; Forehead* ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Middle Aged ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Recurrence ; Reference Values