PURPOSE: The AFX2 endograft is a unibody, bifurcated stent graft that can be used to lower complications in certain patients. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases in which the AFX2 system was used to overcome the challenges of narrow distal aorta, as well as to reduce procedure time and contrast medium dose. Furthermore, we compared the results with matched patients treated using the Endurant II endograft system.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of nine patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) who underwent endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) using the AFX2 device between June 2017 and April 2018 at Seoul National University Hospital. The patients had narrow distal aorta (n=3), reversed tapered neck (n=1), iliac artery aneurysm (n=2), chronic kidney disease patients (n=2), and impending rupture (n=1). Seven matched patients were treated using the Endurant II graft.RESULTS: In the AFX2 group, the mean procedure time was 87.2 minutes, mean blood loss volume was 157.7 mL, and mean volume of contrast medium used was 48.3 mL. In the Endurant II group, the mean procedure time was 140.0 minutes, mean blood loss volume was 175.0 mL, and mean volume of contrast medium used was 119.3 mL.CONCLUSION: Our preliminary experiences with selected AAA patients treated using the AFX2 endovascular repair system showed good outcomes compared with similar patients treated using the Endurant II system. Therefore, the AFX2 may be a good option to perform EVAR in patients of advanced age who have chronic kidney failure or narrow distal aorta.
Aneurysm ; Aorta ; Aortic Aneurysm ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Blood Vessel Prosthesis ; Humans ; Iliac Artery ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Neck ; Observational Study ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Retrospective Studies ; Rupture ; Seoul ; Transplants

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the abnormal and borderline ABIs for predicting coronary re-intervention and mortality in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Materials and Methods: Data from a previous study were obtained and used to investigate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease among Korean patients with CAD (n=285) in 2010. All patients underwent follow-up coronary angiography as scheduled (asymptomatic: 2-, 5-, and 7-month intervals) or as clinically indicated (symptomatic). Results: In total, 33 patients had an abnormal ABI (ab-ABI: <1.0 or >1.4), and 252 had a normal ABI (nl-ABI: 1.0≤ABI≤1.4). The mean follow-up was 47 months. The mortality was significantly higher in the ab-ABI group than in the nl-ABI group (18.2% vs. 6.7%, P=0.0233). MACEs were significantly more common in the ab-ABI group (60.6% vs. 34.5%, P=0. 0036). Moreover, the ab-ABI group had a greater CAD progression than the nl-ABI group (48.5% vs. 31.3%, P=0.0496). The incidence of clinically indicated coronary re-intervention was significantly higher in the ab-ABI group than in the nl-ABI group (33.3% vs. 13.1%, P=0.0025). After adjusting for age, diabetes, dyslipidemia, dialysis, smoking, and obesity, the incidence of clinically indicated re-intervention was significantly higher in the ab-ABI group than in the nl-ABI group (HR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.24 to 6.34). Conclusion Abnormal and borderline ABI significantly increased the incidence of clinically indicated coronary revascularization and all-cause mortality during a 4-year follow-up among patients with CAD. Hence, ABI could be used to stratify extremely high-risk patients with CAD who may require aggressive surveillance or treatment.

Purpose: We report the estimated incidence of, and risk factors for, recurrent anterior uveitis in patients with initial acute-onset Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease using survival analyses. Methods: Patients who were diagnosed with initial acute-onset VKH disease during 2003–2022 at two university hospitals were included. Recurrent anterior uveitis was defined as the first occurrence of the granulomatous anterior uveitis with anterior chamber cells and flare of 2+ or more by the Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group grading scheme, after the disappearance of conspicuous uveitis and serous retinal detachment for at least 3 months, regardless of systemic or local treatment. The univariate log-rank test and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed, including patients’ demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, presence of prodromal symptoms, duration of visual symptoms, visual acuity, slit-lamp and fundus findings, and height of serous retinal detachment. The treatment method and response to treatment were also included. Results: The estimated incidence was 39.3% at 10 years. Fifteen of 55 patients (27.3%) had recurrent anterior uveitis during the mean follow-up of 4.5 years. The presence of focal posterior synechiae at the diagnosis increased the risk of recurrent anterior uveitis 6.97-fold compared to the absence of synechiae (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.20–22.11; p < 0.001). Use of systemic high-dose steroid therapy more than 7 days after the development of visual symptoms resulted in a hazard ratio of 4.55 (95% CI, 1.27–16.40; p = 0.020). Conclusions This study reports the estimated incidence and risk factors of recurrent anterior uveitis in VKH disease from survival analyses. However, because of the retrospective nature of this study, it is hard to confirm the consistency of the medical records regarding risk factors, thus, the presence of focal posterior synechiae can be inconclusive as a risk factor. Further studies are warranted.

PURPOSE: Lung Cancer Subcommittee of Korean Radiation Oncology Group (KROG) has recently launched a prospective clinical trial (KROG 17-06) of hippocampus-sparing whole brain radiotherapy (HS-WBRT) with simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in treating multiple brain metastases from non-small cell lung cancer. In order to improve trial quality, dummy run studies among the participating institutions were designed. This work reported the results of two-step dummy run procedures of the KROG 17-06 study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two steps tested hippocampus contouring variability and radiation therapy planning compliance. In the first step, the variation of the hippocampus delineation was investigated for two representative cases using the Dice similarity coefficients. In the second step, the participating institutions were requested to generate a HS-WBRT with SIB treatment plan for another representative case. The compliance of the treatment plans to the planning protocol was evaluated. RESULTS: In the first step, the median Dice similarity coefficients of the hippocampus contours for two other dummy run cases changed from 0.669 (range, 0.073 to 0.712) to 0.690 (range, 0.522 to 0.750) and from 0.291 (range, 0.219 to 0.522) to 0.412 (range, 0.264 to 0.598) after providing the hippocampus contouring feedback. In the second step, with providing additional plan priority and extended dose constraints to the target volumes and normal structures, we observed the improved compliance of the treatment plans to the planning protocol. CONCLUSION: The dummy run studies demonstrated the notable inter-institutional variability in delineating the hippocampus and treatment plan generation, which could be decreased through feedback from the trial center.
Brain ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Compliance ; Hippocampus ; Lung Neoplasms ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prospective Studies ; Radiation Oncology ; Radiotherapy