Genetic and clinical observations were recorded on 16 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum, 14 of them having visited the Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Kwangju, Korea from 1968 through 1982, and 3 of them having visited the Department of Dermatology, Chosun University Hospital located in the same city during same period(one patient was duplicated). Xeroderma pigmentosum was found to occur with a frequency higher than one in 183,000 births in Chonnam province, Korea. It waa recognized that xeroderma pigmentosum is a disease of autosomal recessive inheritance. The sex ratio of xeroderma pigmentosum was male to female l. 7 to 1. The age of onset was between 5 months and 10 years, and the age when the patients visited the hospital for the first time was 6 months and 25 years. The skin malignancies were observed in 9 patients, among which squamous cell carcinomas occurred in 6, basal cell carcinomas in 2, and actinic keratosis in l. The associated ocular abnormalities were photophobia in 4 patients, chalazion in 1, blepharoconjunctivitis in 1, pterygium in 1 and squamous cell carcinomas in 1. Only cerebral galsy as a neurological abnormality was observed in 1 patient.
Age of Onset ; Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Chalazion ; Dermatology ; Female ; Gwangju ; Humans ; Ichthyosis* ; Jeollanam-do ; Keratosis, Actinic ; Korea ; Male ; Parturition ; Photophobia ; Pterygium ; Sex Ratio ; Skin ; Wills ; Xeroderma Pigmentosum*

Objective: To compare the physiologically active substances, antioxidant and antidiabetic activities in vitro of bitter melon fruit and leaf extract. Methods: Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were measured using spectrophotometrically by gallic acid and catechin standard curves, respectively. The radical-scavenging potential of bitter melon fruit and leaf extract were measured by DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and reducing power and anti-diabetic ability was evaluated by α -glucosidase activity. Results: It was confirmed that the bitter melon leaf contained more total polyphenols and flavonoids than bitter melon fruits. Bitter melon leaf extract contained 2.8-fold and 4.9-fold higher total polyphenols and flavonoids than bitter melon fruits, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of bitter melon leaf was 5.81- and 5.70-fold higher than that of the bitter melon frui, based on 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL of the extract, respectively. In ABTS, hydroxyl radical scavenging ability and reducing power, the bitter melon leaf extract all showed higher antioxidant capacity than the bitter melon fruit. Bitter melon fruit showed 2.52- and 2.63-fold higher α -glucosidase inhibitory activity than bitter melon leaf extract at 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: Based on our results, bitter melon may improve antidiabetic effects by upreguating α -glycosidase activity. Even, bitter melon leaf extract shows higher antioxidant potential than its fruit but bitter melon leaf extract does not show higher α -glucosidase inhibitory potential than bitter melon fruit. The overall results support that bitter melon fruit and leaf may have specific target effects on antidiabetic and antioxidant, respectively.

Leiomyosarcoma arising in the skin is rare tumor, and diagnosis usually is made microscopically. After local excision, these lesions recur in large proportion of pat ients. The authors herein report a 53-year-old male with leiomyosarcoma appeared in the skin of the right forearm and presenting as a dark reddish colored, 5*6cm in diameter, superficial ulcerated single firm nodule with intermittent pain. Histopathological examination showed poorly circumscribed tumor consisting of interlacing bundles of spindle shaped smooth muscle cells in the middle and lower parts of the dermis. The nuclei were hyperchromatic, large, vacuolated, and irregular in shape. Electron microscopic findings revealed cytoplasmic organelles such as rough endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria of malignant smooth muscle cells in the paranuclear area, Characteristic subsarcoelmmal caveolae and dense plaque were noted and myofilaments were distributed in the peripheral cytoplasm. The tumor did not recur in 10 months' follow-up.
Caveolae ; Cytoplasm ; Dermis ; Diagnosis ; Endoplasmic Reticulum, Rough ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forearm ; Humans ; Leiomyosarcoma* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mitochondria ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; Myofibrils ; Organelles ; Skin* ; Ulcer

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the right and left differences of frontal ramal inclination in chin-deviated individuals. METHODS: Thirty adult patients with clinically apparent chin deviation were selected as the chin-deviated group, and 30 adult patients with symmetric faces were selected as the control group. On the posteroanterior cephalograms, the frontal ramal inclination was measured, and the right and left differences were compared and analyzed. RESULTS: While the control group did not show right and left differences of frontal ramal inclinations, the chin-deviated individuals showed right and left differences of frontal ramal inclination. In chin-deviated individuals, the frontal ramal inclinations of the non-deviated side were statistically greater than those of the deviated side. The right and left differences of frontal ramal inclinations, with menton deviation and the right and left differences of maxillary heights showed statistically significant correlation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the frontal ramal inclinations should be considered in the diagnosis of facial asymmetry.
Adult ; Chin ; Diagnosis ; Facial Asymmetry ; Humans

PURPOSE: The aims of this study were to identify the incidence of pressure ulcers and to compare the predictive validities of pressure ulcer risk assessment scales among trauma patients.METHODS: This was a prospective observational study. A total of 155 patients admitted to a trauma intensive care unit in a university hospital were enrolled. The predictive validity of the Braden, Cubbin & Jackson, and Waterlow scales were assessed based on the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).RESULTS: Of the patients, 14 (9.0%) subsequently developed pressure ulcers. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive values, and negative predictive values were 78.6%, 75.9%, 24.4%, and 97.3%, respectively, for the Braden scale (cut-off point of 12); 85.7%, 68.8%, 21.4%, and 98.0%, respectively, for the Cubbin & Jackson scale (cut-off point of 26); and 71.4%, 87.2%, 35.7%, and 96.9%, respectively, for the Waterlow scale (cut-off point of 18). The AUCs were 0.88 (Waterlow), 0.86 (Braden), and 0.85 (Cubbin & Jackson).CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that the predictive validity values of the Waterlow, Braden, and Cubbin & Jackson scales were similarly high. However, further studies need to also consider clinical usefulness of the scales.
Area Under Curve ; Critical Care ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intensive Care Units ; Observational Study ; Pressure Ulcer ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; ROC Curve ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Weights and Measures

Cholecystocolic fistula (CCF) is a rare and late complication of gallbladder disease. The cause of CCF is known to be peptic ulcer, gallbladder disease, malignant tumor, trauma, and postoperative complications. The proper treatment method is to perform cholecystectomy and to identify and alleviate the CCF. However, cholecystectomy is not always possible owing to technical difficulties and disease severity. CCF is difficult to diagnose preoperatively, and CCF operation without an accurate preoperative diagnosis can lead to a more complicated surgery and cause surgeons to face more difficult situations or to endanger patients' lives. We report a case of asymptomatic CCF successfully treated with laparoscopic surgery after accurate diagnosis before surgery.
Cholecystectomy ; Diagnosis ; Fistula ; Gallbladder Diseases ; Laparoscopy ; Methods ; Peptic Ulcer ; Postoperative Complications ; Surgeons

PURPOSE: Patients with type 1 diabetes have difficulty controlling diabetes during adolescence. Active self-management of diabetes in school during adolescence is essential for type 1 diabetic adolescents to successfully adapt to school and shift toward a healthy adulthood. This research examined insulin self-injection in school by diabetic adolescents and the correlation between the control of blood sugar and school adaptation. METHOD: Forty adolescents (aged 10-18 years) who were receiving care for type 1 diabetes in pediatric divisions of two university hospitals in the Incheon and Bucheon area from July 2011 to May 2012 were surveyed. RESULTS: Of the intense insulin treatment group (33/40), self-administration of insulin took place outside (22/33, 67%) and inside (11/33, 33%) restrooms. There was no significant difference in hemoglobin A1c between the two groups (P=0.7). 60% of those that had self-injected themselves within the restroom had not exposed their diabetes with more than 5 friends, while only 23% of those that had self-injected themselves outside the restroom had not exposed their diabetes with more than 5 friends, showing statistic significance between the two groups (P=0.02). There was also a significant difference in the frequency of experiencing depression: 91% for the group with self-injection in the restroom and 45% for the group with self-injection outside the restroom (P=0.02). CONCLUSION: Thirty-three percent of diabetic adolescents administered insulin in the restroom. These diabetic adolescents were reluctant to discuss the disease with others and had a higher frequency of experiencing depression. Thus, schools need to provide active support and care for students with type 1 diabetes.
Adolescent ; Blood Glucose ; Child ; Depression ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Friends ; Hemoglobins ; Hospitals, University ; Humans ; Hypogonadism ; Insulin ; Mitochondrial Diseases ; Ophthalmoplegia ; Self Care

Enlargement is an inherent property of X-rays which occurs when straight lines diverge from small a focal spot. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the validity of the correction of gonial angle width enlarged on frontal cephalogram, using frontal and lateral cephalograms taken orthogonally from each other. In 40 adult individuals, frontal and lateral cephalograms were taken at a 90 degrees angle using the Head Posture Aligner. The angle width was measured on the frontal cephalogram and subsequently, the corrected angle width was calculated using the magnification rate of two cephalograms. Measured and corrected angle widths were compared with the measurement from the 3D CT image. The measurement on the frontal cephalogram showed a 9.10 mm of enlargement on average, ranging from 7.92 to 11.31 mm. Corrected angle width measurement showed a 0.14 mm difference with the 3D CT image measurement, which was not statistically significant. The results of the study indicate that actual angle width can be approached through calculation using frontal and lateral cephalograms taken orthogonally with the help of the Head Posture Aligner. The study also showed that the magnitude of correction error did not show a significant correlation with the amount of menton deviation, and it suggests that the present correction method is valid even in individuals with severe facial asymmetry.
Adult ; Facial Asymmetry ; Head ; Humans ; Posture

OBJECTIVE: The present study examined the association between basic neurocognitive functions and emotional recognition in chronic schizophrenia. Furthermore, to Investigate cognitive variable related to emotion recognition in Schizophrenia. METHODS: Forty eight patients from the Yongin Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center were evaluated for neurocognitive function, and Emotional Recognition Test which has four subscales finding emotional clue, discriminating emotions, understanding emotional context and emotional capacity. Measures of neurocognitive functioning were selected based on hypothesized relationships to perception of emotion. These measures included:1) Letter Number Sequencing Test, a measure of working memory;2) Word Fluency and Block Design, a measure of executive function;3) Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Korean version, a measure of verbal memory;4) Digit Span, a measure of immediate memory;5) Span of Apprehension Task, a measure of early visual processing, visual scanning;6) Continuous Performance Test, a measure of sustained attention functioning. Correlation analyses between specific neurocognitive measures and emotional recognition test were made. To examine the degree to which neurocognitive performance predicting emotional recognition, hierarchical regression analyses were also made. RESULTS: Working memory, and verbal memory were closely related with emotional discrimination. Working memory, Span of Apprehension and Digit Span were closely related with contextual recognition. Among cognitive measures, Span of Apprehension, Working memory, Digit Span were most important variables in predicting emotional capacity. CONCLUSION: These results are relevant considering that emotional information processing depends, in part, on the abilities to scan the context and to use immediate working memory. These results indicated that multifaceted cognitive training program added with Emotional Recognition Task(Cognitive Behavioral Rehabilitation Therapy added with Emotional Management Program) are promising.
Automatic Data Processing ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Education ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Memory ; Memory, Short-Term ; Rehabilitation ; Rehabilitation Centers ; Schizophrenia ; Verbal Learning

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to identify the effects of job embeddedness, nursing work environment, and nursing professionalism on turnover intention in nurses working at rehabilitation hospitals. METHODS: This descriptive study employed a cross-sectional research design. Questionnaires were collected from May to June, 2019. Participants were 200 nurses from three rehabilitation hospitals in Seoul and Gyunggi province. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: Mean scores for turnover intention, nursing work environment, nursing professionalism. and job embeddedness were 3.21±0.65, 2.90±0.43, 3.06±0.24, and 3.11±0.40, respectively. Turnover intention was negatively correlated with job embeddedness, nursing practice environment, and nursing professionalism. Nursing work environment was the most important predictor in turnover intention, followed by job embeddedness. CONCLUSION The findings in this study indicated that we need to investigate the level of job embededness, nursing work environment, and nursing professionalism in nurses working at rehabilitation hospitals. Hospital managers should develop and apply appropriate policies and strategies to reduce nurses' turnover intention, improve nursing work environment and enhance the level of job embededness.