Purpose: To determine effects of family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, autonomic nerve activation (ANA), and happiness of elderly in long-term care hospitals. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. It was conducted on 39 elderly patients (19 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) in long-term care hospitals. The experimental group (n = 19) received family conflict mitigation documentary programs. The family conflict mitigation documentary programs consisted of four sessions (40-50 minutes per session). These programs were implemented in small groups, with each group having five elderly. Data were analyzed by sing the conflict checklist, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Chi-square test with Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The participants in the experimental group showed significantly decreased scores of conflict (t = -2.31, p = .028) and the value of sympathetic nervous system activity (t = 8.36, p = .007) compared with those of the control group. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly increased the value of parasympathetic nervous system activity (t = -2.91, p = .008) and scores of happiness (t = 5.46, p < .001). Conclusion The family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, ANA, and happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals are effective intervention programs for mitigating conflicts between elderlies and their families and for improving happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals.

Purpose: To determine effects of family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, autonomic nerve activation (ANA), and happiness of elderly in long-term care hospitals. Methods: This study used a non-equivalent control group with a pretest-posttest design. It was conducted on 39 elderly patients (19 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group) in long-term care hospitals. The experimental group (n = 19) received family conflict mitigation documentary programs. The family conflict mitigation documentary programs consisted of four sessions (40-50 minutes per session). These programs were implemented in small groups, with each group having five elderly. Data were analyzed by sing the conflict checklist, the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, Chi-square test with Fisher’s exact test, independent t-test, paired t-test, and repeated measure ANOVA using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The participants in the experimental group showed significantly decreased scores of conflict (t = -2.31, p = .028) and the value of sympathetic nervous system activity (t = 8.36, p = .007) compared with those of the control group. The participants in the experimental group showed significantly increased the value of parasympathetic nervous system activity (t = -2.91, p = .008) and scores of happiness (t = 5.46, p < .001). Conclusion The family conflict mitigation documentary programs on conflicts, ANA, and happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals are effective intervention programs for mitigating conflicts between elderlies and their families and for improving happiness of the elderly in long-term care hospitals.

No abstract available.
Body Weight* ; Cholesterol*

No abstract available.
Brain* ; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon*

OBJECTIVE: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of cervical cerclage and the clinical characteristics in incompetent internal os of the cervix (IIOC). METHODS: A study was conducted on 170 patients with IIOC, 199 cases of IIOC were admitted and treated with McDonald operation or modified Shirodkar operation at department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Il Sin Christian Hospital from January 1. 1994 to December 31. 1998, of this 14 cases were follow up lost, so 185 cases were analyzed. RESULTS: 1) The incidence of IIOC was 0.43%, 1 in 233 deliveries. 2) The mean age of IIOC patients was 30.54yrs old and the most frequent age group was in 30-34yrs old group (43.78%). 3) The average number of gravida and parity before operation were 4.71 and 1.62. & the success rate of operation was low at high gravida & parity. 4) The predisposing factor was previous history of dilation & curettage (43.75%), Cx. laceration after delivery (6.49%), midtrimester termination (4.32%) etc. 5) The operation methods were McDonald operation (91.35%) and modified Shirodkar operation (8.65%) & the success rate of McDonald operation and modified Shirodkar operation were 85.80% and 87.50%. 6) The successful fetal salvage rate was 85.95% and the highest success rate was 87.50% in 14-16 weeks of gestation group. 7) The more cervix dilate, the more failure occurred. 8) The causes of operation failure were premature rupture of membrane (50.00%), preterm labor (34.62%), FDIU, anomaly, APH etc. 9) The delivery methods after operation were vaginal delivery (65.54%), cesarean delivery (34.46%). CONCLUSION: The 14-16th weeks of gestation group & no cervical dilatation have higher success rate indicating that early diagnosis and appropriate timing of operation is associated with a greater operation success rate.
Causality ; Cerclage, Cervical ; Cervix Uteri* ; Curettage ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gynecology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Labor Stage, First ; Lacerations ; Membranes ; Obstetric Labor, Premature ; Obstetrics ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Trimester, Second ; Rupture

No abstract available.
Pregnancy* ; Round Ligament of Uterus*

PURPOSE: This study investigated the effects of father's occupational stress and rearing attitude on rearing participation. METHODS: The participants of this study were 201 fathers who are raising children in J region. The data were collected by self-report using questionnaires from August to September, 2015. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient, Scheffe test, and stepwise multiple linear regression with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: The total mean scores of occupational stress on the subjects were 40.98(±8.36), rearing attitude were 68.54(±7.18), rearing participation were 73.16(±11.34). The study showed that occupational stress is negatively correlated with rearing participation and rearing attitude positively correlated with rearing participation. Working style and rearing attitude were identified of rearing participation. CONCLUSION: A father's rearing participation level was influenced by father's attitude of caring children above all. In addition, fathers' working styles were also a main factor. Therefore, it is necessary for fathers to learn rearing attitudes in a way that can develop a nursing intervention program to increase their rearing participation level.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Fathers ; Foster Home Care ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Nursing

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine subjective happiness related factors in Korean nursing students. METHODS: A purposive sample of 200 nursing students was recruited for the cross-sectional survey design. The instruments were perceived stress scale, major satisfaction scale, resilience scale, and subjective happiness scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, hierarchical linear regression, and the Sobel test for testing mediating effects. RESULTS: The mean score of stress, major satisfaction, resilience and subjective happiness was 2.21, 3.95, 3.60 and 5.03, respectively. Perceived health status, stress_positive perception, stress_negative perception, resilience_self confidence, resilience_positivity, resilience_social support had significant effects on subjective happiness. Explained variance for the subjective happiness was 53.4%. Resilience had a partial mediating effect in the relationship between stress and subjective happiness (Sobel test: Z=-5.67, p<.001). Also, resilience had a mediating effect in the relationship between major satisfaction and subjective happiness (Sobel test: Z=5.65, p<.001). CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of this study, nursing intervention programs focusing on improving resilience are recommended to improve subjective happiness in nursing students.
Cross-Sectional Studies ; Happiness* ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Negotiating ; Nursing* ; Students, Nursing*

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to describe sports injuries among elderly people and to compare physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy between elderly people who had experienced a sports injury and elderly people who hadn't. METHODS: The sample of this study were 100 elderly in Korea, 51 of whom had had a sports injury. The study used questionnaires to gather data. There were 8 demographic factors, 4 factors related to physical activity, perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy of the subjects. Data were analyzed by frequencies, chi-square test, and t-test. RESULTS: Among the sports injured elders, one occurrence of a sport injury was 86.3%. There were more outdoor than indoor sports injuries of elders (66.7%), and sports injuries of elders occurred more in the winter (82.7%). The major cause of the sports injuries was loss of balance. Ankles were frequently damaged from these injuries. The most significant change after the sports injury was reduction of physical activity (60.8%). There were significant differences between sports injured elderly and non-injured elderly for age (χ2=2.58, p=.011) and the amount of physical activity (t=1.96, p=.050), but there was no significant difference in perceived health status and exercise self-efficacy. CONCLUSION: To prevent sports injuries in the elderly means to maintain a medium level of physical activity and to improve their balance.
Aged* ; Ankle ; Athletic Injuries* ; Demography ; Humans ; Korea ; Motor Activity* ; Sports*

Over the past decades, there has been a rapid increase in the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Asia. The natural history of IBD in Asian patients could be different from that in Western patients due to variations in disease phenotypes and genotypes as well as the healthcare environment between the 2 populations. To adequately cope with this disease, it is important to fully understand the potential differences in its natural history among different populations. In this review, we evaluated the differences in the clinical course of IBD between Asian and Western patients with regards to phenotypic progression, hospitalization, major surgery, risk of colorectal cancer, and mortality, mainly based on the results of population-based studies. The findings of our narrative review suggest that the clinical course of Asian patients with IBD, especially ulcerative colitis, is better than that of Western patients, as indicated by the lower rates of major surgery and hospitalization. In addition, similar to Western patients, the clinical course of Asian patients with IBD has been improving as evidenced by the decreasing rates of disease behavior progression (in Crohn’s disease), hospitalization, and major surgery.