Background: Periodontitis and peri-implantitis are diseases caused by pathogenic microorganisms that cause tissue damage and alveolar bone destruction resulting in the loss of teeth and implants. Due to the biological differences in the tissues surrounding the implants, peri-implantitis progresses more rapidly and intensely than periodontitis, underscoring the importance of understanding the characteristics and interactions of pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to quantitatively analyze the pathogenic microorganisms associated with periodontitis and peri-implantitis in Korean patients and evaluate the correlation between these bacteria. Methods: A total of 98 (52 males and 46 females) were randomly selected and classified into three groups (healthy group [HG]=25; periodontitis group [PG]=31; and peri-implantitis group [PIG]=42). The relative expression levels of 11 pathogenic microorganisms collected from the gingival sulcus fluid were determined using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Prevotella nigrescens were highly prevalent in the HG, PG, and PIG patients. The results of the relative quantitative analysis of microorganisms showed that all bacteria belonging to the green, orange, and red complexes were significantly more abundant in the PG and PIG than in the HG (p＜0.05). Porphyromonas gingivalis in the red complex showed a positive correlation with all microorganisms in the orange complex (p＜0.05).Campylobacter rectus in the orange complex showed a significant positive correlation with all microorganisms in the red complex, and with F. nucleatum, P. nigrescens, Prevotella intermedia, and Eubacterium nodatum (p＜0.05). Conclusion P. gingivalis, C. rectus, and F. nucleatum exhibit strong interactions. Removing these bacteria can block complex formation and enhance the prevention and treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that influence adults halitosis. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 186 adults aged from 35 to 69, between April 4 and May 30, 2012. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, and binary logistic regression analysis SPSS 19.0. RESULTS: The most influential factor of VSCs was halitosis perceived by others (OR: 5.18; 95% CI: 1.82-14.70), which was followed by oral respiration (OR: 3.65; 95% CI: 1.28-10.41), and O'Leary index (OR: 3.40; 95% CI: 1.55-7.46) in the order. The influential factors of ammonia were respiratory disease (OR: 30.72; 95% CI: 1.85-51.37), gastrointestinal disease (OR: 12.28; 95% CI: 1.78-44.79), missing tooth (OR: 3.75; 95% CI: 1.57-8.92), periodontal pocket (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.10-6.18), tongue brushing (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15-0.95), and oral prophylaxis (within a year) (OR: 0.31; 95% CI: 0.13-0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Halitosis is the result of complex actions among individual characteristics, systematic disease, oral health state, and health behavior.
Adult ; Aged ; Ammonia ; Dental Plaque Index ; Gastrointestinal Diseases ; Halitosis ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Oral Health ; Periodontal Pocket ; Respiration ; Tongue ; Tooth

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of providing toothbrushing by professionals as part of oral hygiene education for the elderly. We randomly visited 12 centers in the metropolitan city and analyzed the data of 114 participants among 310 early registrants aged >65 years, who participated in the study at all 3 time points. The subjects were categorized into an experimental group (odd-numbered visits) and a control group (even-numbered visits). Oral hygiene practices were provided for both experimental and control groups, but professional toothbrushing was performed in a different manner in the experimental group. Differences in plaque index (PI) according to the subjects' general characteristics and oral health status were assessed using the t-test, and the effect of PI difference between the experimental and control groups was assessed by repeated measure two-way analysis of variance. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to analyze factors affecting the PI. At baseline, the mean overall PI was 61.82. In both experimental and control groups, the PI significantly reduced from the baseline (p <0.01). At 5 weeks, the experimental group showed a decrease of 27.16 points from the baseline, and the 10-week PI was similar to the 5-week PI. The control group showed a decrease of 14.87 points from the baseline, and the PI increased by 5.74 points at 10 weeks. PI-related factors were gender and self-xerostomia. The PI was lower in the female group and the group with self-xerostomia (p <0.01). It is important to select an appropriate method to educate elderly subjects on proper removal of dental plaque and to habituate correct behavior, which requires inclusion of a direct toothbrushing intervention by a specialist.
Aged* ; Dental Plaque ; Education ; Female ; Humans ; Methods ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Specialization ; Toothbrushing*

PURPOSE: To better understand the performance of four commercially available neurovascular stents in intracranial aneurysm embolization, the stents were compared in terms of their basic morphological and mechanical properties. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different types of stents that are currently being used for cerebral aneurysm embolization were prepared (two stents per type). Two were laser-cut stents (Neuroform and Enterprise) and two were braided from a single nitinol wire (LEO and LVIS stents). All were subjected to quantitative measurements of stent size, pore density, metal coverage, the force needed to load, push, and deploy the stent, radial force on deployment, surface roughness, and corrosion resistance. RESULTS: Compared to their nominal diameters, all stents had greater diameters after deployment. The length generally decreased after deployment. This was particularly marked in the braided stents. The braided stents also had higher pore densities than the laser-cut stents. Metal coverage was highest in the LEO stent (14%) and lowest in the Enterprise stent (5%). The LIVS stent had the highest microcatheter loading force (81.5 gf). The LEO stent had the highest passage force (55.0 gf) and deployment force (78.9 gf). The LVIS and LEO stents had the highest perpendicular (37.1 gf) and circumferential (178.4 gf) radial forces, respectively. The Enterprise stent had the roughest stent wire, followed by the LVIS, LEO, and Neuroform stents. CONCLUSION: The four neurovascular stent types differed in terms of morphological and physical characteristics. An understanding of this diversity may help to decide which stent is most suitable for specific clinical situations.
Corrosion ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Stents*

After developing sudden severe chest pain, an 11-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with chest pain and palpitations and was unable to stand up. The sudden onset of chest pain was first reported while swimming at school about 30 minutes prior to presentation. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was 150/90 mmHg, heart rate was 120/minute, and the chest pain was combined with shortness of breath and diaphoresis. During the evaluation in the emergency room, the chest pain worsened and abdominal pain developed. An aortic dissection was suspected and a chest and abdomen CT was obtained. The diagnosis of aortic dissection type B was established by CT imaging. The patient went to surgery immediately with BP control. He died prior to surgery due to aortic rupture. Here we present this rare case of aortic dissection type B with rupture, reported in an 11-year-old Korean child.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Aorta ; Aortic Rupture ; Arterial Pressure ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Rupture ; Swimming ; Thorax

No abstract available.

PURPOSE: Hypothesizing that the parent artery (PA) diameter of the aneurysm-neck segment is larger than those of normal segments, especially in wide-necked aneurysm cases, we conducted 3D angiographic analyses in wide-necked aneurysm cases focusing on the luminal morphologic change of the PA. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Under the approval of local IRB, we enrolled 26 patients with distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysms, which were treated with stent assisted coiling. The PA diameters along the centerline were measured at 6 points with built-in software by two observers. Those 6 points were P1 and P2 proximally, P3 and P4 at the aneurysm ostium margins, and P5 and P6 distally. We performed an ANOVA test and a Bonferroni method for post hoc analyses. Linear regression analysis was performed to find any morphologic influencing factors. RESULTS: There were 20 distal ICA aneurysms out of 26 consecutive cases after exclusion. The differences in diameter at each point were statistically significant (p<0.0001). On post hoc analyses, the difference between P4 and P5 was significant both in maximum and mean PA diameters (p<0.0001 and p<0.001, respectively). Multivariate analyses failed to reveal any morphological influencing factor. CONCLUSION: PAs harboring a wide-necked aneurysm requiring stent assistance for coiling showed significant enlargement of the lumen, especially at the distal transition segment of the aneurysm ostium and the PA.
Aneurysm* ; Arteries* ; Carotid Artery, Internal* ; Cerebral Angiography ; Ethics Committees, Research ; Humans ; Intracranial Aneurysm ; Linear Models ; Multivariate Analysis ; Parents* ; Phenobarbital ; Stents

PURPOSE: Pericentric inv (9) occurs in about 0.8~2% of the normal population. The implication of inv (9) in hematological malignancies and/or in stem cell transplantation (SCT) has not been thoroughly elucidated. METHODS: To further delineate the characteristics, we describe our experiences of inv (9) in 2 patients who underwent SCTs and 1 patient with ALL. RESULTS: Case 1. An 11-year-old girl with AML M2 showed 46, XX, inv (9). After remission, her consolidation cycles were associated with slow platelet recovery. She underwent autologous BMT, however, the engraftment was rather slow, and relapsed at 7 months. 2nd remission was achieved after prolonged cytopenia. She underwent reduced intensity unrelated cord blood transplant. Her posttransplant course was uneventful with ANC & gt; 500/microL at D+18 and platelet > 50 k/microL at D+38. Karyotyping showed 46, XY. She is now well at 16 months after 2nd transplant. Case 2. A 10-year-old girl presented with severe aplastic anemia. Karyotyping was normal. She underwent matched sibling transplantation. Her post-transplant course was uneventful with rapid engraftment. Cytogenetics showed 46, XX, inv (9), which was originated from her sister. She is now well at 70 months posttransplant. Case 3. A 3-year-old boy with ALL had a karyotype of 46, XY, inv (9) (p11q12). His clinical course was uneventful. CONCLUSION: The first case showed typical course of delayed recovery after chemotherapy and delayed engraftment after autologous transplantation. inv (9) should be considered in cases of otherwise unexplainable delay in recovery after chemotherapy or delayed engraftment after SCT. Further studies involving larger number of cases should be warranted to delineate the exact role of inv (9) in pediatric leukemia and SCTs.
Anemia, Aplastic ; Autografts ; Blood Platelets ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9* ; Cytogenetics ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Fetal Blood ; Hematologic Neoplasms ; Humans ; Karyotype ; Karyotyping ; Leukemia* ; Male ; Siblings ; Stem Cell Transplantation* ; Stem Cells* ; Transplantation, Autologous

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of post-enhanced delayed FLAIR (fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery) images in the diagnosis of leptomeningitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained the pre- and post-enhanced FLAIR images of 7 rabbits every hour after infusing triple doses of contrast, and we measured the signal intensities of the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and the brain parenchyma. Five leptomeningitis patients and 5 volunteers were enrolled to obtain the pre-enhanced FLAIR images, the early post-enhanced FLAIR images and the delayed post-enhanced FLAIR images, with using a standard dose of contrast, and to measure the signal intensities of the CSF and brain parenchyma. The statistical significances were determined by a mixed procedure and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (p<0.05). RESULTS: In the rabbits, the signal intensities of the CSF began to increase after an hour of contrast infusion, but those of the parenchyma did not increase. The time of maximum CSF enhancement was 2 hours after contrast infusion (p<0.001; standard estimate=750.43) and we obtained the post-enhanced delayed FLAIR images for clinical studies according to this result. The signal intensities of the CSF in the subarachnoid space were higher in the patient group compared with those of the normal control group on both the early post-enhanced FLAIR images and the delayed post-enhanced FLAIR images (p=0.0096) (p=0.0391). In the patient group, changes of signal intensities of the CSF in the subarachnoid space were more conspicuous on the delayed post-enhanced FLAIR images than on the early post-enhanced FLAIR images (p=0.0042). However, those of the parenchyma were not different in either group. CONCLUSION: The post-enhanced delayed FLAIR images obtained at 2 hours after contrast infusion are more useful for making the the diagnosis of leptomeningitis than are the post-enhanced early FLAIR images.
Brain ; Diagnosis* ; Humans ; Meningitis ; Rabbits ; Subarachnoid Space ; Volunteers

PURPOSE: Individual gastric cancers demonstrate complicated genetic alterations. The PCR-based analysis of polymorphic microsatellite sequences on cancer-related chromosomes has been used to detect chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability. For the purpose of preoperative usage, we analyzed the correspondance rate of the microsatellite genotype between endoscopic biopsy and surgical specimens. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three pairs of biopsy and surgical specimens were examined for loss of heterozygosity and microsatellite instability by using 40 microsatellite markers on eight chromosomes. Microsatellite alterations in tumor DNAs were classified into a high-risk group (baseline- level loss of heterozygosity: 1 chromosomal loss in diffuse type and high-level loss of heterozygosity: 4 or more chromosomal losses) and a low-risk group (microsatellite instability and low-level loss of heterozygosity: 2 or 3 chromosomal losses in diffuse type or 1~3 chromosomal losses in intestinal type) based on the extent of chromosomal loss and microsatellite instability. RESULTS: The chromosomal losses of the biopsy and the surgical specimens were found to be different in 21 of the 73 cases, 19 cases of which were categorized into a genotype group of similar extent. In 100 surgical specimens, the high-risk genotype group showed a high incidence of nodal involvement (19 of 23 cases: < or =5 cm; 23 of 24 cases: >5 cm) irrespective of tumor size while the incidence of nodal involvement for the low-risk genotype group depended on tumor size (5 of 26 cases: < or =5 cm; 18 of 27 cases: >5 cm). Extraserosal invasion was more frequent in large-sized tumor in both the high-risk genotype group (< or =5 cm: 12 of 23 cases; >5 cm: 23 of 24 cases) and the low-risk genotype group (< or =5 cm: 7 of 26 cases; >5 cm: 16 of 27 cases). The preoperative prediction of tumor invasion and nodal involvement based on tumor size and genotype corresponded closely to the pathologic tumor stage (ROC area>0.7). CONCLUSION: An endoscopic biopsy specimen of gastric cancer can be used to make a preoperative genetic diagnosis that accurately reflect the genotype of the corresponding surgical specimen.
Biopsy* ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; DNA ; Genotype ; Incidence ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Microsatellite Instability ; Microsatellite Repeats* ; Stomach Neoplasms*