PURPOSE: Although most researchers agree that platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a good source of autogenous growth factors, its effect on bone regeneration is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether increasing angiogenic factors in the human PRP to enhance new bone formation through rapid angiogenesis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In vitro, the human platelets were activated with application of shear stress, 20 microgram/ml collagen, 2 mM CaCl2 and 10U thrombin/1 x 109 platelets. Level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet microparticle (PMP) in the activated platelets were checked. In the animal study, human angiogenic factors-enriched PRP was tested in 28 athymic rat's cranial critical bone defects with beta-TCP. Angiogenesis and osteogenesis were evaluated by laser Doppler perfusion imaging, histology, dual energy X-ray densinometry, and micro-computed tomography. RESULTS: In vitro, this human angiogenic factors-enriched PRP resulted in better cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. In vivo, increasing angiogenic potential of the PRP showed significantly higher blood perfusion around the defect and enhanced new bone formation around acellular bone graft material. CONCLUSION: Angiogenic factor-enriched PRP leads to faster and more extensive new bone formation in the critical size bone defect. The results implicate that rapid angiogenesis in the initial healing period by PRP could be supposed as a way to overcome short term effect of the rapid angiogenesis.
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents ; Animals ; Blood Platelets ; Bone Regeneration ; Calcium Phosphates ; Cell Proliferation ; Collagen ; Durapatite ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Osteogenesis ; Perfusion ; Perfusion Imaging ; Platelet-Rich Plasma ; Rats, Nude ; Transplants ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Both eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex are uncommon conditions. There are clinical similarities between these two entities, but histological features are distinctive. We describe a patient with multiple subcutaneous nodules on the chest and both axilla, showing combined histological features of both an eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex. This case suggests that eruptive vellus hair cyst and steatocystoma multiplex are variants of one disorder which originate in the pilosebaceous duct.
Axilla ; Hair* ; Humans ; Steatocystoma Multiplex* ; Thorax

Macroglossia can cause dentomusculoskeletal deformities, instability of orthodontic and orthognathic surgical treatment, and create masticatory, speech and airway management problems. To determine whether a reduction glossectomy is necessary, it will important to identify the signs and symptoms of macroglossia. Development of dentoskeletal changes directly related with tongue size, such as an anterior open bite or a Angle Class III malocclusion tendency, would indicate that reduction glossectomy may be beneficial. For reduction glossectomy, several techniques have been reported. However, in most techniques the tip of tongue is removed. So its excision causes the loss of most mobile and sensitive portion of the tongue, and creates ankylosed, globular tongue. To avoid such problems, central tongue reduction technique have been proposed. This article will introduce central tongue reduction for anterior openbite case associated with macroglossia.
Airway Management ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Glossectomy ; Macroglossia* ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; Open Bite ; Tongue*

This erratum is being published to revise the website address of the Korean Reference Genome Database (KRGDB) and correct two typographical errors in the article.

Fibrous dysplasia of bone is a disorder in which one or more bone lesions are present, but in which extraskeletal abnormalities not infrequently form part of the total disease complex. The etiology is unknown but it is probably a developmental fault of bony development, in which an abnormal proliferation of fibro-osseous tissue replaces only the cancellous tissue and erodes the cortex from within, eventually causing distortion and expansion. It may appear as a solitary lesion or more than one lesion in single bone, and sometimes it may be monomelic or polyostotic. This paper report a case of a monostotic fibrous dysplasia in one-month-old infant with a review of the literatures.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 ; Fibrous Dysplasia of Bone ; Fibrous Dysplasia, Monostotic ; Humans ; Infant

PURPOSE: To evaluate clinical and radiological results and to analyse the parapatellar complications after endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using central one-third bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 66 cases among 158 consecutive cases from Feb 1990 to May 1996 were reviewed and evaluated with regard to patellofemoral pain, crepitus, quadriceps atrophy, graft donor site complication, Lysholm knee scoring system and radiological assessment. The average period of follow up was 23 months (range, 12-57 months) and the average age at operation was 31 years old (range, 18-58 years). RESULTS: The average Lysholmn knee score improved from 57.5 points preoperatively to 91.3 points at follow up. The instrumented anterior laxity test showed that excellent anterior stability was regained in most patients. There were many cases of parapatellar complications, 7 cases (10.6%) of anterior knee pain, 21 cases (32.8%) of crepitus, 43 cases (65.1%) of quadriceps weakness, 29 cases (45.3%) of graft donor site paresthesia and 15 cases (23.4%) of pain on kneeling. CONCLUSIONS: Although endoscopic ACL reconstruction using central one-third bone-patellar tendon-bone autografts had good clinical results, many parapatellar complications were noted. In order to prevent these complications, different reconstruction techniques and graft materials should be considered
Adult ; Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction ; Atrophy ; Autografts* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Knee ; Paresthesia ; Tissue Donors ; Transplants

PURPOSE: We examined the relationship between BIS, sedation score and plasma midazolam concentration to verify the usefulness of BIS to assess the patient's consciousness during sedation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-five young, healthy adult volunteers participated in this clinical study. Midazolam was administered intravenously up to 0.08 mg/kg to induce unconsciousness and we monitored the patient's physiological and conscious status until complete recovery from sedation. BIS and sedation score were measured before sedation, 10, 20, 30 minutes after midazolam administration. Plasma midazolam concentration was measured 10 minutes after midazolam administration. BIS was measured using A-2000 BISTM monitor (Aspect Medical Systems, USA) and the degree of sedation was evaluated with the sedation score. RESULTS: The BIS score correlated with the sedation score (r = 0.676, P < 0.05). With the decreased plasma midazolam concentration, the correlation was better with sedation score(r = -0.656).Although BIS values did not correlate with calculated plasma concentration of midazolam (r = 0.467) at 10 minutes after midazolam administration, values after sedation were well distinguished from those before sedation. CONCLUSIONS: BIS is known for an effective predictor of patient's hypnotic state, and it is correlated with the sedation score. But, it doesn't always coincide with the clinical parameters of depth of sedation. So more attention is needed using BIS only during sedation, and it is advisable that the patient's consciousness is monitored with variable sedation score systems every several minutes.
Adult ; Consciousness ; Humans ; Midazolam* ; Plasma* ; Unconsciousness ; Volunteers

BACKGROUND: Glycolic acid has become an important and popular agent for chemical peel. Even though many clinicians perform superficial chemical peel to treat facial acne with glycolic acid, as yet there has been no well-controlled clinical trinls for the comparison of this new peeling agent and Jessner's solution. OBJECTIVE: To compare these two chemical peelI agents, our study was focused on three aspects : 1) treatment effects (acne improvement), 2) side effects (erythema, exfoliation), 3) patients preferences of the treatments. METHOD: Sixteen patients with facial acne vulgaris were treated with 70% glycolic acid and Jessner's solution on each side of the face simultaneously. Treatments were repeated biweekly with acne grading. Patient's subjective preferences were asked after the treatment.
Acne Vulgaris* ; Humans

Aplasia cutis congenita is a rare disorder characterized by localized or generalized absence of skin at birth. Group 4 in Friden's classification, which is associated with embryologic malformations including myelomeningocele, encephalomeningocele, omphalocele, gastroschisis. The authors have experienced a case of aplasia cutis congenita of right frontal scalp associated with bony defect, forming encephalocele in a newborn. We reported this case with brief review of literatures.
Classification ; Ectodermal Dysplasia* ; Encephalocele ; Gastroschisis ; Hernia, Umbilical ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Meningomyelocele ; Parturition ; Scalp ; Skin