BACKGROUND: It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR). Recent studies suggest that continuous end-tidal carbon dioxide(ETC02) monitoring may be useful non-invasive indicator of CPR. The purpose of this study is to determine whether ETC02 monitoring during CPR could be used as a prognostic indicator of resuscitation and survival. METHOD: A prospective, clinical study was performed from May 1997 to April 1998 at the department of emergency medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong hospital. All patients were immediately connected to mainstream capnometer sensor between the tube and the bag after endotracheal intubation using infrared capnometer. RESULT: The study included 70 patients (39 were men) with a mean age of 55+/-16 years. 37 patients with return of spontaneous circulation(ROSC) had higher maximal ETCO2 during CPR than 33 Patients without ROSC (26.9+/-19.4 vs 10.2+/- 9.0mmHg, p=0.0001). The ETCO2 was not significantly different in relation to age, gender, initial rhythm, and survival time after ROSC. But there was significant difference in immediate cause of arrest in ROSC group (P=0.0016). When maximal ETC02 was less than 10mmHg, we observed sensitivity of 83.8%, specificity of 54.5% in predicting ROSC. There were 6 patients with ROSC in spite of maximal ETCO2 was less than 10mmHg. CONCLUSION: Continuous ETCOB monitoring during CPR may be useful, noninvasive, and valuable predictor of successful resuscitation and survival from cardiac arrest. But ETCO2 should lot be used as a single indicator for the withdrawal of CPR.
Carbon Dioxide* ; Carbon* ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation* ; Emergency Medicine ; Female ; Heart Arrest ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; Prospective Studies ; Resuscitation ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Authors measured the degree of posterior instability of the knee in 21 patitients who had posterior cruciate ligament(PCL) injury or have been reconstructed the PCL by using the manual maximal displacement test and quadriceps active test with KT-1000 arthrometer. To compare the reliability between the manual maximal displacement test and the quadriceps active test, two testers participated in the experiment. One tester was a novice and the other tester had substantial clinical experiences with the KT-1000 arthrometer. The quadriceps neutra! Angle was measured in the uninjured knee, and then quadriceps active test was done. Manual maximal displacement test and Quadriceps active test were done by each tester. In manual maximal displacement test, the Pearson correlation coefficient of the uninjured knee between two testers was 0.852 and that of PCL injured knee between two testers was 0.802. In quadriceps achive test, the Pearson correlation coefficient between two testers was 0.173. As a result, the manual maximal displacement test was more reliable for th measurement of the degree of the posterior instability in patients with posterior cruciate ligament tear or reccnstruction.
Humans ; Knee* ; Posterior Cruciate Ligament

The effect of dietary zinc deficiency on the enzymatic components of free radical defense system was observed in the skin of rats. We measured the concentration of serum zinc and the enzymatic activities of CuZn superoxide dismutase(CuZn SOD), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase(GGPDH) and glutathione reductase (GSH-RD). The serum zinc level was sig nificantly lower in the zinc-deficient group compared to the zinc-supplemented group after 8 weeks of consuming the diet(P<0.01). CuZn SOD activity was not different between the two groups after 4 weeks. The Zn deficient group showed the significantly decreased activity of G6PDH after 4 and 8 weeks of consuming the diet(P<0.01). The activity of GSH-RD was increased in the zinc-deficient group compared to the supplemented group after 4 weeks of consuming the diet(P<0.01), but after 8 weeks the activity was not different between the two groups. From the results obtained, it could be concluded that GSH-RD may contribute to the oxygen free radical defense system in zinc deficiency in the earlier weeks of consum ing the zinc-deficient diet.
Animals ; Diet ; Glucose-6-Phosphate ; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase ; Glutathione Reductase ; Oxygen ; Rats* ; Skin* ; Superoxides ; Zinc*

We report a case of axillary lymph node metastasis (LNM) as a recurrence of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in a 68-year-old male. The patient initially presented in 2009 with a 3.4x5.4 cm sized neck swelling and left cervical lymphadenopathy. He underwent total thyroidectomy and central compartment neck dissection (CCND) with left modified radical neck dissection (MRND). The pathological report confirmed PTC with metastasis of neck lymph node. On a regular follow up of positron emission tomography (PET), LNM was found on the right supraclavicular area and on the left axillary area. It was 17 months after the initial thyroid cancer had been diagnosed. The right MRND and left axillary lymph node dissections were performed in April of 2012. Pathological result confirmed metastatic PTC of left axillary lymph nodes. After recovery from the surgery, the patient got radioactive iodine therapy with I-131 180 mCi.
Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Iodine ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes* ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Male ; Neck ; Neck Dissection ; Neoplasm Metastasis* ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Recurrence ; Thyroid Neoplasms* ; Thyroidectomy

No abstract available.
Child* ; Drug Therapy ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify cell phone addiction in school-age children and factors influencing addiction. METHODS: The participants were 163 parents of elementary school students in the 1st to 4th grades. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires completed by the parents, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 19.0 IBM program. RESULTS: Of the children, 86.5% were reported as being average users, 9.2%, at risk users, and 4.3%, at high risk users. Cell phone addiction in the children was significantly different according to games played by the children and parents' monthly income. Significant factors influencing cell phone addiction in the children were children's self-control, games played by the children, parents' cell phone addiction and parental control for children's cell phone use, explaining 24% of variance in cell phone addiction. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that cell phone addiction in school-age children is influenced by parent-related factors as well as personal factors. Therefore approaches to education programs on cell phone use in school-age children should include parent-related factors as well as personal factors of the children.
Behavior, Addictive ; Cellular Phone* ; Child* ; Education ; Humans ; Parents ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis*

No abstract available.
Lymphomatoid Papulosis* ; Mycobacterium* ; Tuberculosis*

The authors report a case of ectopic paragonimiasis in a 33 year old Korean housewife who came to the hospital because of lower abdominal discomfortness and palpable mass. Parasitic granulomas involved the ovary and posterior wall of the uterine body. This report deals with the rare occurrence of a parasitic infestation in the ovary.

The authors report a case of ectopic paragonimiasis in a 33 year old Korean housewife who came to the hospital because of lower abdominal discomfortness and palpable mass. Parasitic granulomas involved the ovary and posterior wall of the uterine body. This report deals with the rare occurrence of a parasitic infestation in the ovary.