No abstract available.
Angelica*

No abstract available.
Diabetes Mellitus* ; Tuberculosis*

BACKGROUND: Interest in pharmacist participation in the multidisciplinary intensive care team is increasing. However, studies examining pharmacist interventions in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) are limited in Korea. The aim of this study was to describe the current status of pharmacist interventions and to identify common pharmacologic problems requiring pharmacist intervention in the MICU. METHODS: Between September 2013 and August 2014, a retrospective, observational study was conducted in the 22-bed MICU at a university hospital. Data were obtained from two trained pharmacists who participated in MICU rounds three times a week. In addition to patient characteristics, data on the cause, type, related drug, and acceptance rate of interventions were collected. RESULTS: In 340 patients, a total of 1211 pharmacologic interventions were performed. The majority of pharmacologic interventions were suggested by pharmacists at multidisciplinary rounds in the MICU. The most common pharmacologic interventions were adjustment of dosage and administration (n = 328, 26.0%), followed by parenteral/enteral nutritional support (n = 228, 18.1%), the provision of drug information (n = 228, 18.1%), and advice regarding pharmacokinetics (n = 118, 9.3%). Antimicrobial agents (n = 516, 42.6%) were the most frequent type of drug associated with pharmacist interventions. The acceptance rate of interventions was 84.1% with most accepted by physicians within 24 hours (n = 602, 92.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Medication and nutritional problems are frequently encountered pharmacotherapeutic problems in the MICU. Pharmacist interventions play an important role in the management of these problems.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units* ; Korea ; Nutritional Support ; Observational Study ; Pharmacists* ; Pharmacokinetics ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We investigated the causative organism and its antibiotic susceptibility of community acquired urinary tract infection (UTI) in children at a secondary hospital to test the adequacy of the current guidelines. METHODS: Children diagnosed with UTI at the Department of Pediatrics, Kwandong University Myongji Hospital by pyuria and bacterial growth of greater than 1.0x10(5) CFU/mL on clean catch midstream urine from January 2005 to December 2008 were studied retrospectively. The epidemiologic data, causative organism, and the antibiotic susceptibility were analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty two children were diagnosed with sixty four cases of UTI's. Two bacteria were isolated in one case and thus data on 65 urine cultures were analyzed. The male:female ratio was 1.6:1 and 78.1% were less than 12 months of age. Escherichia coli was the predominant cause consisting of 53 cases (82.8%) of the cases. K. pneumoniae (5), Enterobacter (4), Enterococcus (1), beta-streptococcus (1), Diphtheroides (1) were isolated. The antibiotic resistance of E. coli were as follows; ampicillin 69.8%, cefotaxime 1.9%, gentamicin 15.1%, amikacin 0.0%, levofloxacin 1.9%, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole 26.4%. Only one case of the E. coli was extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) positive. CONCLUSION: Compared to prior reports from other tertiary hospitals in Korea, E. coli was the predominant cause in childhood UTI and the rate of ESBL positivity was low. The antibiotic resistance was also different compared to prior reports. We conclude that a difference in the cause and antibiotic resistance of childhood UTI exists between centers and this should be taken into consideration when prescribing antibiotics for childhood UTIs.
Amikacin ; Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Bacteria ; beta-Lactamases ; Cefotaxime ; Child ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Enterobacter ; Enterococcus ; Escherichia coli ; Gentamicins ; Humans ; Korea ; Ofloxacin ; Pediatrics ; Pneumonia ; Pyuria ; Retrospective Studies ; Tertiary Care Centers ; Urinary Tract ; Urinary Tract Infections

No abstract available.
Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II* ; Nitric Oxide* ; Porphyromonas gingivalis* ; Porphyromonas*

Intracranial lipomas are rare lesions, which represent 0.1-1.7% of all intracranial tumors. They preferentially occur near the midline, most frequently in the pericallosal cistern, and are often associated with various neurologic and systemic anomalies. Magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography together with clinical trials are of crucial importance for diagnosis. We report a rare case of intracranial lipoma of the body of corpus callosum in a child, who has had cyclic headache, vertigo, with a review of the literature.
Child ; Corpus Callosum ; Diagnosis ; Headache ; Humans ; Lipoma* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Vertigo

No abstract available.

After developing sudden severe chest pain, an 11-year-old boy presented to the emergency room with chest pain and palpitations and was unable to stand up. The sudden onset of chest pain was first reported while swimming at school about 30 minutes prior to presentation. Arterial blood pressure (BP) was 150/90 mmHg, heart rate was 120/minute, and the chest pain was combined with shortness of breath and diaphoresis. During the evaluation in the emergency room, the chest pain worsened and abdominal pain developed. An aortic dissection was suspected and a chest and abdomen CT was obtained. The diagnosis of aortic dissection type B was established by CT imaging. The patient went to surgery immediately with BP control. He died prior to surgery due to aortic rupture. Here we present this rare case of aortic dissection type B with rupture, reported in an 11-year-old Korean child.
Abdomen ; Abdominal Pain ; Aorta ; Aortic Rupture ; Arterial Pressure ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Rupture ; Swimming ; Thorax

BACKGROUND: Interest in pharmacist participation in the multidisciplinary intensive care team is increasing. However, studies examining pharmacist interventions in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) are limited in Korea. The aim of this study was to describe the current status of pharmacist interventions and to identify common pharmacologic problems requiring pharmacist intervention in the MICU. METHODS: Between September 2013 and August 2014, a retrospective, observational study was conducted in the 22-bed MICU at a university hospital. Data were obtained from two trained pharmacists who participated in MICU rounds three times a week. In addition to patient characteristics, data on the cause, type, related drug, and acceptance rate of interventions were collected. RESULTS: In 340 patients, a total of 1211 pharmacologic interventions were performed. The majority of pharmacologic interventions were suggested by pharmacists at multidisciplinary rounds in the MICU. The most common pharmacologic interventions were adjustment of dosage and administration (n = 328, 26.0%), followed by parenteral/enteral nutritional support (n = 228, 18.1%), the provision of drug information (n = 228, 18.1%), and advice regarding pharmacokinetics (n = 118, 9.3%). Antimicrobial agents (n = 516, 42.6%) were the most frequent type of drug associated with pharmacist interventions. The acceptance rate of interventions was 84.1% with most accepted by physicians within 24 hours (n = 602, 92.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Medication and nutritional problems are frequently encountered pharmacotherapeutic problems in the MICU. Pharmacist interventions play an important role in the management of these problems.
Anti-Infective Agents ; Humans ; Critical Care ; Intensive Care Units ; Korea ; Nutritional Support ; Observational Study ; Pharmacists ; Pharmacokinetics ; Retrospective Studies

Bell's palsy is a relatively common, unilateral facial paralysis of unknown etiology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of several electrophysiologic tests in Bell's palsy. Blink reflex (BR), side-to-side compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude comparison, and side-to-side nerve excitability test (NET) threshold differ once have been studied during the first 2 weeks in 66 patients with Bell's palsy. According to the early response of BR(Rl), the patients were divided into 3 groups: Rl< or = 13ms(17cases) ; Rl>13ms(22cases), and absent BR(27cases). There was a remarkable tendency towards a satisfactory recovery from paralysis if BR occurred during the first 2 weeks from onset(p<0.001). In patients with normal BR, 88.2% had a satisfactory recovery, when the reflex was absent a bad prognosis was given in 59.3% of the patients. According to side-to-side CMAP amplitude comparison, the patients were divided into 2 groups; CMAP amplitude comparison > or = 25% (35cases), and CMAP amplitude comparison <25% (31cases). There was a tendency towards a satisfactory recovery from paralysis if side-to-side CMAP amplitude comparison was more than 25% (p < 0,003). In patients with more than 25% of CMAP amplitude comparison, 82.9% of the patients had a satisfactory recovery, but in patients with less than 25% of CMAP amplitude comparison, 51.6% of the patients had a bad prognosis. According to side-to-side NET threshold difference, the patients were divided into 2 groups, NET threshold difference < or = 3.5mA(43cases), and NET threshold difference >3.5mA (23cases). When the threshold of electrical excitability on both sides differs 3.5mA or more an unsatisfactory recovery has strongly to expected(p<0.001). In patients with less than 3.5mA of NET threshold, 81.4% had a satisfactory recovery, but in patients with more than 3.5mA of NET threshold, 60.9% had a bad prognosis. BR, side-to-side CMAP amplitude comparison, and side-to-side NET threshold difference seem to be useful independent indices for predicting the prognosis an early stage of the paralysis.
Action Potentials ; Bell Palsy* ; Blinking ; Facial Paralysis ; Humans ; Paralysis ; Prognosis ; Reflex