Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ovary are rare, accounting for no more than 0.5% of all ovarian neoplasms. These tumors occur predominantly in women 10 to 30 years of age. Heterologous elements are found in over 20% of the moderately and poorly differentiated Sertoli- Leydig cell tumors. The most common element is gastrointestinal mucin-secreting epithelium, found in approximately 20% of all cases. Approximately 4% of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors contain immature skeletal muscle and/or cartilaginous elements. The origin of these neoplasms is regarded as neometaplasia of the mesodermal neoplastic element. While the degree of differentiation of Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors is probably of greater importance in determining prognosis than the presence of heterologous components, recent evidence does point to an unfavorable effect on clinical outcome when heterologous mesenchymal components such as cartilage and striated muscle are present. We experienced two cases of ovarian heterologous Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors with gastrointestinal type epithelium and striated skeletal muscle in 20 and 21 year-old females, respectively. One case involved a patient who had complained of amenorrhea for 3 years while the other case involved a patient who had complained of left lower abdominal tenderness and amenorrhea for one and one half years. It was determined by ultrasonography of the pelvis that the two patients suffered from right and left ovarian masses. Both patients underwent adnexectomy. These tumors were large with partly solid and partly cystic areas. Based on light microscopic examination one case was classified as an intermediate Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous gastrointestinal type epithelium, while the other case was classified as a poorly differentiated Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor with heterologous striated skeletal muscle.
Female ; Humans

No abstract available.
Teratoma*

In the past, arthrodesjs was a widely used procedure but in recent times, with the development of replacement arthroplasty, decreased in tuberculosis and polio. etc, it is not commonly used by orthopedic surgeons. However, for those in the young age group, people employed in hard labor and patients with acute inflammatory disease, arthrodesis is through to be more appropriate than replacement arthroplasty. From January 1980 to December 1985, 20 cases of arthrodesis of the knee joint were carried out. The results were follows.; 1. Methods of arthrodesis used were Charnley compression arthrodesis in 10 cases, Hoffman compression arthrodesis in 2 cases, cross pinning in 3 cases and and cross pinning with patella graft in 5 cases. 2. Bone union was seen in all 12 cases of compression arthrodesis at an average of 21.3 weeks while bone union was seen in 7 out of 8 cases of non-compression arthrodesis at an average 25 weeks. 3. Among the 20 cases, complication were pseudoarthrthrosis in one case, pin tract infection in 2 cases and skin necrosis in 5 cases. 4. Inconclusion of the above results, bone union was carried out in 19 cases out of total 20 cases, and compression arthrodesis showed faster bone union at an average of 3.7 weeks earlier than non-compression arthrodesis.
Arthrodesis ; Arthroplasty, Replacement ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; Knee ; Necrosis ; Orthopedics ; Patella ; Poliomyelitis ; Skin ; Surgeons ; Transplants ; Tuberculosis

OBJECTIVES: The present study systematically reviewed previous studies published in Korea regarding obesity status of children and adolescents in order to provide valid directions for future research and to help establish evidence-based prevention strategies. METHODS: The articles were selected by searching the primary keyword ‘obesity’ and the secondary keywords ‘children’, ‘young children’, ‘adolescents’ or ‘kids’ on the KISS (Korean Studies Information Service System). Out of 503 articles excluding the overlap, 308 articles were selected with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Secular trends of obesity research, distribution of subjects, potential risk factors for obesity, and intervention method for obesity management were documented. The associations between obesity and dietary factors were summarized. RESULTS: The overall number of research studies has increased since 2000 but obesity management studies have decreased in recent years. Most of the studies used a cross-sectional design. Research on preschool children were extremely limited. Intervention studies targeting males were prevalent. The most significant variables relevant to dietary habits were speed of eating, regular breakfast and snacking. The most significant food and nutrient intake factors were thiamin and iron. Intakes of cereals and animal foods were significantly higher in obese children than the counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: The present review of locally published articles on the obesity status in children and adolescents suggested the need for well-designed further studies focused on risk factors of obesity and on a range of intervention methods conducive to the development of obesity prevention and management programs.
Adolescent* ; Animals ; Breakfast ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Eating ; Edible Grain ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Information Services ; Iron ; Korea* ; Male ; Methods ; Obesity ; Pediatric Obesity* ; Risk Factors* ; Snacks

The secretary meningioma is a distinct variant of meningioma that revealed characteristic light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of epithelial and secretary differentiation, which was named as a distinct subtype of meningioma by Alguacil-Garcia et al in 1986. We experienced 2 cases of secretary meningioma. One was a 53-year-old female who had suffered from sudden onset of dizziness for I day. The computerized tomography revealed a sharply marginated well enhanced mass in temporal lobe. The other was a 59-year-old female who had suffered from dizziness for 8 years. The computerized tomography revealed a well demarcated lobulated mass in petrosal ridge. In both cases, multiple hyaline inclusions were scattered in the background of meningothelial meningioma. They were PAS positive, diastase resistant, stained yellow with van Gieson, and did not stain with reticulin in contrast to Psammoma bodies. The immunohistochemistry revealed positive reaction for EMA, CEA, a-FP and cytokeratin. T'he electron microscopic study revealed interdigitation with desmosomes and abundant intracellular lumina. They were lined by numerous microvilli and filled with granular material which was composed of electron dense homogenous material, me branous material, and small membrane-bound vesicles. Microvilli were filled with electron dense material identical to the material in the lumina, and some of them were interconnected with electron dense material in the lumina. It was concluded that secretary activity of the meningothelial cells and degenerated microvilli were involved in the pathogenesis of hyaline inclusions.
Female ; Humans ; Meningioma

Nocardia species are aerobic, gram-positive, acid-fast, filamentous branching bacilli. Nocardia is a localized or disseminated infection which may involve all tisuses and is produced by members of the genus Nocardia, principally N. asteroides. Other species, notably N. brasiliensis and N. caviae have been implicated, but N. asteroides appears to be the overwhelming predominant pathogen. Nocardial infections are usually opportunistic in the compromised host, at least 15% of the infections occurred in patients without a definable predisposing condition. Recently, we experienced an autopsy case of systemic nocardiosis. The patients was fiffty-three days old female infant, who had suffered from productive cough, dyspnea and fever. The patient was treated under the impression of the miliary tuberculosis, but she died at 34th hosital day. The postmortem examination reveals multiple tan gray colored abscess involving both lungs, both kidneys, and thymus. Microscopically, lung, kidney and thymus reveal multiple abscess, which are composed of necrotic tissue debris admixed with infiltrates of neutrophils, and they are surrounded by fibrosis, ad acute and chronic inflammatory cells. By histologic, microbiologic and biochemical studies, N. asteroides is identified in the lesion of the lung, kidney, thymus, and bronchial washing specimen.
Infant ; Male ; Female ; Humans

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the CT features and pathogenesis of the electric brain injuries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the CT scans of 3 patients injured by high-voltage electricity. We evaluated the findings early and delayed periods in each patients. RESULTS: The early CT findings were diffuse brain edema, scalp swelling, and focal hemorrhagic contusion. The findings of delayed period were cerebral infarction, pneumocephalus, brain abscess, and pneumatocele. CONCLUSION: CT was useful to correlate the pathogenesis and variable features of electric brain injuries.
Brain Abscess ; Brain Edema ; Brain Injuries ; Brain* ; Cerebral Infarction ; Contusions ; Electric Injuries* ; Electricity ; Humans ; Pneumocephalus ; Scalp ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

PURPOSE: To evaluate the utility of ultrasonograpy(US) as a guide in deciding drainage methods and as a prognostic factor in the prediction of pleural fibrosis, and to compare the effects of drainage methods in patients with tuberculous pleural effusions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 51 patients with tuberculous pleural effusion, US patterns of pleural effusion were classified according to degree of septa into three groups, into three groups, as follows: anechoic (n=5), linear septa (n=15), and honeycombing septa (n=31). US-guided drainage methods, including thoracentesis (n=17), percutaneous catheter insertion (n=12), catheter insertion with urokinase instillation (n=22) were employed. Therapeutic effects were evaluated with follow-up chest radiographs after 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Three months after the procedure, 43 of 51 effusions had drained effectively. US guided drainage failed in eight patients including two of six with linear septated effusion treated with thoracentesis, four of seven with honeycomb septated effusion treated with thoracentesis, and two of six with honeycombing septated effusion treated with catheter drainage. There was no drainage failure in patients with anechoic effusions and in patients with urokinase instillation. Late effects were assessed in 39 patients after 6 months. Follow-up radiographs available in 39 patients demonstrated pleural fibrosis with intercostal space narrowing in 7 patients with honeycomb septated effusion, 3 patients with linear septated effusion, and none of the patients with anechoic effusions. CONCLUSION: The pattern of septa seen on US could be a useful factor for determining drainage methods and predicting late results in tuberculous pleural effusion. Percutaneous catheter drainage with urokinase instillation was a good drainage modality for patients with septated pleural effusions. Pleural fibrosis is more frequently induced by septated pleural effusion than by anechoic pleural effusion.
Catheters ; Drainage* ; Fibrosis ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Pleural Effusion* ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Ultrasonography* ; Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

We reported a case of atypical thymic carcinoid tumor with ectopic ACTH syndrome which was proved by the presence of intracytoplasmic ACTH in the tumor cells using PAP method and electron microscopy. The patient was a 43-year-old housewife who was referred with Cushing's syndrome of unknown origin, and subsequantly followed by many disabling symptoms including, diabetes mellitus and electrolyte imbalance for which bilateral adrenalectomy was carried out. Thereafter, rapid rise in serum ACTH level and hyperpigmentation were followed. Pituitary irradiation was done under the impression of Nelson's syndrome despite of lacking evidence of pituitary tumor, but high serum ACTH persisted. Seven months after pituitary irradiation, two anterior mediastinal masses were first noticed and removed. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies confirmed this neoplasm as a ACTH producing spindle cell variant of atypical thymic carcinoid tumor. When dealing with a patient who developed Nelson's syndrome-like phenomenon without apparent pituitary tumor, the possibility of ectopic ACTH syndrome caused by thymic carcinoid should be considered.

Usually the histologic response of muscle to the ischemia range from mild, reversible change to extensive necrosis and fibrosis in the case of anterior tibial compartment syndrome. But dystmphic calcification in the late stages is very rare condition.Only three cases were previously reported by Gallie and Broder et al in the literature. We are reporting six cases of dystrophic calcification following anterior tibial compartment syndrome in late stages. Onsets of dystrophic calcifications after original injuries ranged from twelve years to thirty-two years. Two out of six cases revealed painless maas in the anterior tibial compartment and remaining four cases revealed painful aases. At surgery, tooth-paste like, calcified material was evacuated in one of five operated cases and yellowish grey, brittle materials were evacuated in the remaining four cases.
Compartment Syndromes ; Fibrosis ; Ischemia ; Leg ; Necrosis