PURPOSE: To identify the effects of the aromatherapy on stress of nurses working in operating room. METHODS: The study design was nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design. The subjects were 45 nurses working in the operating room. Experimental group were 24 nurses in G Hospital and control group were 21 nurses in U Hospital. All of the subjects were measured of the subjective stress, stress responses and the job stress. For aromatherapy, lavender, bergamot, and ylang were mixed in the ratio of 2:2:1. RESULTS: 1) "The subjective stress of experimental group is lower than that of the control group" was supported(t=-2.70, p=.01). 2) "The stress responses of experimental group is lower than that of the control group" was supported(t=-2.49, p=.01). 3) "The job stress of experimental group is lower than that of the control group" was supported(t=-7.97, p=.00). CONCLUSION: This study suggested that such aroma inhalation method could be effective on stress of nurses working in operating room.
Aromatherapy* ; Inhalation ; Lavandula ; Operating Rooms*

No abstract available.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis* ; Tuberous Sclerosis*

No abstract available.
Azoospermia* ; Sarcoidosis*

PURPOSE: This descriptive study was conducted to identify the level of knowledge of stroke symptoms and risk factors among older adults. METHODS: A total of 200 older adults over 65 years of age were conveniently recruited from out patient departments of two hospitals and a health care center from October to November 2008. The level of knowledge was assessed using both open-ended questions and a structured questionnaire based on semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed by t-tests and ANOVA using the SPSS program. RESULTS: 52.5% of the sample had hypertension and 30% had diabetes. The mean knowledge scores for symptoms and risk factors were 8.4 +/- 3.1(out of 15) and 9.5 +/- 3.9 (out of 16), respectively. The older adults who had lower education, lower family income, and who lived in rural areas were more likely to have less knowledge of stroke symptom and risk factors(p < .05). There was no significant knowledge difference between the older adults who had at least one risk factor and those who had no risk factor for stroke. CONCLUSIONS: Educational intervention should be focused on informing older adults who are at risk for stroke about the early symptoms and management of risk factors, especially those who have low education and low social status.
Adult ; Delivery of Health Care ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; Surveys and Questionnaires

p27kip1, a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, has been recognized as a negative regulator of cell cycle. To investigate the role of p27kip1 on progression of cancer and apoptotic pathway, we analyzed p27kip1 expression using immunohistochemical stain in 40 cases of prostatic adenocarcinoma and apoptotic index by TUNEL method in 30 cases of prostatic adenocarinoma. Both were correlated with Gleason grade and Gleason score. Loss of p27kip1 expression was more frequent in prostatic adenocarcinomas of higher score (Gleason score 7 to 10) (60.7%) than in those of lower score (Gleason score 4 to 6) (33.3%) (p<0.05). The value of mean apoptotic index of carcinoma was 1.13+/-0.26, 1.80+/-0.91, 2.06+/-0.79, and 2.12+/-0.82 in grade 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, and was positively correlated with grade of carcinoma (p<0.05). Mean apoptotic index of higher Gleason score (score 7 to 10; 2.05+/-0.63) was also significantly increased than in lower Gleason score (score 4 to 6; 1.34+/-0.39) (p<0.05). Mean apoptotic index in cases with and without p27kip1 expression was 1.92+/-0.86 and 1.89+/-0.81, respectively (p>0.05). These results suggest that loss of p27kip1 expression and increased apoptotic index may be the morphologic markers to predict the behavior of prostatic adenocaricnoma. The role of p27kip1 on apoptotic pathway seems to be meager in this study and needs further study.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclins ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Neoplasm Grading ; Phosphotransferases

Cosmetic dermatitis of the eyelids may be caused not only by eye make-up but also by cosmetics used elsewhere and conveyed by the fingers to the eyelids. The thin skin of the eyelid is highly susceptible to contact dermatitis, particularly from cosrnetics. A 28 year old female was reported to have contact dermatitis caused by stearic acid in eye cosmetics. The skin lesiens of this patient showed erythematous, edematous, vesicular ruptions on both the upper and lower eyelids. The patch test results were positive for both cornmercial eyeliner and fluid mascara on the second and fourth day. Many of all the ingredients in the eyeliner and fluid mascara, only stearic acid gave positive result on patch tests.
Adult ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Contact* ; Eyelids ; Female ; Fingers ; Humans ; Patch Tests ; Skin

Measurement of the serum CA 125 level as a tumor marker in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer has been widely used to monitor disease status and predict survival of patient. While a number of benign gynecologic as well as benign or malignant non-gynecologic conditions are associated with elevations of serum CA 125 levels, the established normal range describes a healthy population of women. Because the metabolism and clearance of CA 125 is not well understood and mild or moderate degrees of renal impairment frequently occurs in ovarian cancer patients during treatment or course of disease, it is valuable to investigate the effect of impaired renal function on serum level of CA 125. Eighty-nine women on hemodialysis who had no other definite cause to elevate serum CA 125 level were selected at random. The age of the patients ranged from 19 to 83 and renal disease was secondary in most cases to diabetes mellitus, hypertension or glomeru-lonephritis. The creatinine clearance was less than 10cc/min for all patients. (continue)
Creatinine ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Metabolism ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Reference Values ; Renal Dialysis

No abstract available.
Ovarian Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A*

BACKGROUND: Changes in body fat distribution and antioxidant status can be shown in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and these changes may be more pronounced in CHD patients with than those without diabetes. This study was undertaken to determine the discrimination of body fat distribution, hormones and antioxidants among healthy male and CHD male patients with and without diabetes. METHODS: An oral glucose tolerance test was performed in 64 healthy males and 56 CHD male patients. CHD group was subdivided into patients with and without diabetes. Adipose tissue and muscle areas were calculated from computed tomography scans made at four body levels, L1, L4 and mid portion of thigh and calf. Fasting serum levels of lipids, hormones and antioxidants and plasma level of homocysteine were determined. RESULTS: 28% of healthy males, 33% of CHD patients without diabetes and 15% of CHD patients with diabetes were current smokers. 56% of healthy males, 30% of CHD patients without diabetes and 46% of CHD patients with diabetes supplemented their diet with synthetic vitamin preparation. There were no differences among groups in means of age, body mass index and blood pressure. While CHD patients without diabetes showed an increase in visceral fat area at only L1 level, CHD patients with diabetes showed an increase at both L1 and L4 levels, compared with healthy males. CHD patients with diabetes showed the lowest mean value of HDL-cholesterol and testosterone. The mean response areaof insulin and C-peptide during OGTT was higher in CHD patients without diabetes than healthy males. CHD patients with and without diabetes showed higher plasma level of homocysteine and lower serum levels of IGF-1, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and beta-carotene, compared with healthy males. Serum levels of cryptoxanthin and lycopene were lower in CHD patients with diabetes than healthy males. CONCLUSION: Visceral fat accumulation, an increase in insuline and homocysteine levels and a decrease in IGF-1, SOD and beta-carotene levels in CHD patients indicate a difference in body fat distribution, hormones and antioxidant systems between CHD patients and healthy males. In addition, a further increase in visceral fat and a decrease in the serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, testosterone and carotenoids in CHD patients with diabetes show the increased risk in the simultaneous presence of CHD and diabetes. Thus, the lifestyle modification of these CHD patients such as quitting smoking, reducing abdominal fat and taking antioxidant-rich foods is recommended.
Abdominal Fat ; Adipose Tissue* ; Antioxidants ; beta Carotene ; Blood Pressure ; Body Fat Distribution* ; Body Mass Index ; C-Peptide ; Carotenoids ; Coronary Disease* ; Diet ; Discrimination (Psychology) ; Fasting ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Homocysteine ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; Intra-Abdominal Fat ; Life Style ; Male ; Plasma ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Superoxide Dismutase ; Testosterone ; Thigh ; Vitamins