Sixty amputees who had traumatic amputations due to industrial accidents were examined on their phantom limb and phantom pain phenomena and the following results were obtained. 1. Fifty-three (93%) of sixty amputees experienced phantom limb and twenty-four (40%) experienced phantom pain. The incidence of phantom pain in the lower limb amputation (59%) is greater than that of upper limb amputation (29%). 2. Amputees with asthenic body status gave higher incidence (56%) of phantom pain than those with muscular body status (20%). None of amputees with obese body status experienced phantom pain. 3. The sensation of strong current and cramping were most predominant sensations in the phantom pain. 4. Twenty-eight (93%) of thirty amputees had experienced painless phantom limb longer than four months. 5. Six (55%) of eleven upper limb amputees with phantom pain experienced pain sensation at the tips of fingers and nine (69%) of thirteen lower limb amputees with phantom pain experienced pain at the great toe. 6. Fifty-three (88%) of sixty amputees experienced telescoping of the lost limb and twenty-three (38%) of sixty amputees experienced jerking movement of the stump. 7. In fifty-four (90%) of sixty amputees, trigger zones triggering pain in the phantom limb were found in the healthy part of the body. 8. Twenty-two (40%) of fifty-five male amputees experienced burning sensation in the phantom limb associated with urination, defecation or ejaculation. 9. Cold temperature was predominant, aggrevating factor of the phantom pain. Fitting prosthesis and alcohol intake were predominant, relieving factor of the phantom pain.
Accidents, Occupational ; Amputation ; Amputation, Traumatic ; Amputees ; Burns ; Cold Temperature ; Defecation ; Ejaculation ; Extremities ; Fingers ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lower Extremity ; Male ; Muscle Cramp ; Phantom Limb ; Prostheses and Implants ; Sensation ; Toes ; Upper Extremity ; Urination

PURPOSE: To evaluate the health status of institutionalized handicapped children, a general health assessment was done in an asylum in Taegu in May 1998. METHODS: Body measurements, including height, weight, head circumference, skin fold thickness and mid-arm circumference, were done with physical examination on 53 children. Blood tests and chest radiography were done, and fat impedance was measured. RESULTS: Of the 53 children, height, weight and head circumference were below the third percentile in 37(69.8%), 35(66%) and 28(52.8%) children, respectively. Body mass index, skin fold thickness and mid-arm circumference were below the third percentiles in 77.3, 50.9% and 56.6% of the children, respectively. Although serum protein levels were within normal range, anemia was detected in 31 children(58.5%). Two children showed interstitial pneumonia on chest radiograms. And HBsAg was detected in three but their liver enzymes were within normal limits. CONCLUSION: Due to the poor nutritional status of handicapped children in the asylum, the prevalence of anemia was high. Evaluation of the nutritional status and hemoglobin measurernent must be included in the routine health assessment of these children.
Anemia ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Daegu ; Disabled Children ; Disabled Persons* ; Electric Impedance ; Head ; Hematologic Tests ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial ; Nutritional Status ; Physical Examination ; Prevalence ; Radiography ; Reference Values ; Skin ; Thorax

PURPOSE: Leptin is a highly hydrophobic 16-kDa protein encoded by the ob gene which is expre- ssed in adipocytes and participates in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. The aims of the present study were to examine the comparison of leptin levels between type I diabetes mellitus (DM) patients who received exogenous insulin therapy and healthy children, and to find out correlating factors with leptin level in type I DM. METHODS: The study was conducted on 34 patients with type I DM and 29 healthy children. Body weight, height, leptin level and body fat percent were measured in both groups. The glycosylated hemoglobin value, C-peptide, insulin level and serum cholesterol were also measured in type I DM. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in mean age, sex distribution and body mass index between the experimental groups, but body fat percent in type I DM was significantly lower than that of healthy children. The mean leptin levels in male (9.4+/-6.3ng/mL) and female (17.8+/-10.2ng/mL) type I DM were significantly higher than in male(6.3+/-5.7ng/mL) and female (10.2+/-0.9ng/mL) healthy children (male : P=0.045, female : P=0.005). Serum leptin levels were strongly correlated with the body fat percent (Pearson coefficient) (r=0.712). CONCLUSION: Serum leptin level in type I DM strongly correlated with the body fat percent. Despite lowered body fat percent in type I DM, the leptin level was significantly higher than values in healthy children. The mean leptin level in type I DM were significantly higher than value in healthy children, but body fat percent of type I DM was lower than value in healthy children who were adjusted for sex, age and body mass index.
Adipocytes ; Adipose Tissue ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight ; C-Peptide ; Child* ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Eating ; Energy Metabolism ; Female ; Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated ; Humans ; Insulin ; Leptin* ; Male ; Sex Distribution

BACKGROUND: A regional wall motion nonuniformity and a phase difference between LV posterior wall motion and transmitral flow are present during normal rapid filling period and are thought to be an evidence for involvement of ventricular restoring forces. To assess the role of nonuniformity on diastolic funtional impairment of asymmetric septal hypertrophy(ASH), the time relations between left ventricular regional wall motions and filling velocity were studied. METHOD: We measured the time intervals from A2 to peak rate of LV posterior wall(short axis) thinning(A2-(-)dpw/dt), peak rate of medial mitral annulus (long axis dimension) lengthening(A2-dL/dt) and peak mitral flow(A2-E) by M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. Result: In ASH patients, A2-(-)dpw/dt(106+/-6msec, mean SE) and the regional wall motion nonuniformity((-)dpw/dt-dL/dt, 89+/-11msec, mean SE) were increased significantly when compared with normal control values(88+/-4, 28+/-5msec, mean SE, p<0.01,respectively).In normal controls, peak mitral flow velocity lagged peak rate of regional wall motion, so the phase differences were present((-)dpw/dt-E :71+/-8msec, dL/dt-E:44+/-6msec). In ASH patients, (-)dpw/dt-E was present(90+/-16msec) but dL/dt-E was not present or reversed(-21+/-18 msec). So these chacteristic phase differences were disturbed. CONCLUSION: These data suggested that the relaxation nonuniformity of regional wall motion in ASH may act as an energy dissipating factor of restoring forces during rapid filling period.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra ; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic* ; Echocardiography* ; Echocardiography, Doppler ; Humans ; Relaxation

Intramedullary nailing was generally accepted as an excellent method in the treatment of femoral shaft fracture to provide rigid fixation of the fracture, to allow early motion of the joint, and to ensure bony union. We analyzed 100 cases of the fractures of the femoral shaft treated with closed and open intramedullary nailing from January 1988 to May 1994, to compare the results of open and closed intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft fractures and to assess complications and technical problems in intramedullary nailing. The results were as follows: 1. Male was predominant and peak incidence was in the third decades. 2. The most common causes of fracture was traffic accident and associated injuries were in 62 cases. 3. Location of fractures was middle one-thirds in most cases, and Winquist-Hansen Classification type II was the most common. 4. In all cases except 3 cases, operations were done within 2 weeks after injury, and open nailing was done in 66 cases and closed nailing in 34 cases. 5. The average union time was 16.1 weeks in closed IM nailing group, and 20.5 weeks in open IM nailing group and 18.7 weeks in average. 6. The complications was delayed union, nonunion, infection, shortening, failure of distal locking screws and femur neck fracture.
Accidents, Traffic ; Classification ; Femoral Neck Fractures ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary ; Humans ; Incidence ; Joints ; Male ; Methods

The cytologic findings in fine needle aspiration of a case of myxoid liposarcoma of the mediastinum are described. The smear and cell block of the aspirate revealed solid clusters with background of amorphous material and scattered single tumor cells. The clusters were moderately cellular and consisted of atypical lipoblasts in varying stages of differentiation and delicate plexiform capillaries. Good correlation was found between the histologic and cytologic findings in the fine needle aspirates. The differential diagnosis between myxoid liposarcoma and other myxoid soft tissue tumors is discussed,
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Capillaries ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Liposarcoma, Myxoid ; Mediastinum ; Needles ; Neural Tube Defects* ; Urological Manifestations*

Primary small cell carcinoma of the salivary gland is a rare neoplasm that accounts for approximately 1.8% of all primary major salivary gland malignancies. Because of its rarity, it is difficult to diagnose small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland by fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC). We experienced a case of primary small cell carcinoma of the parotid gland in a 72-year-old woman who presented with two palpable masses of the left infraauricular and ocular regions of two to three month's duration, respectively. Aspirate smears from the left infraauricular area were highly cellular on necrotic and lymphocytic background and showed individually dispersed cells or three-dimensional clusters of small cells. The tumor cells were round to oval with a very high nucleocytoplasmic ratio. Nuclei were about two times the size of lymphocytes and had uniformly dispersed but hyperchromatic to pyknotic chromatin. Nucleoli were occasionally visible but were generally inconspicuous. Numerous mitotic figures were detected. The clusters of these small tumor cells exhibited angular nuclear molding, irregular nuclear outlines, and occasionally rosette like arrangement. The tumor was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry.
Aged ; Animals ; Benzodiazepines* ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Carcinoma, Small Cell ; Chromatin ; Female ; Fungi ; Humans ; Immobilization* ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lymphocytes ; Parotid Gland ; Rats* ; Receptors, GABA-A* ; Salivary Glands ; Thyroid Gland

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are caloric test, SCEP, DP in Step velocity and VOR asymmetry in SHA test as parameters for evaluation in unilateral peripheral vestibulopathy in parameter of vestibular function test. The aim of this study is to assess the correlation between these parameters and intensity of spontaneous nystagmus in vestibular neuritis. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We evaluated 75 patients who were diagnosed as vestibular neuritis with 3 degree spontaneous nystagmus at vestibular function test lab from January 2000 to July 2005 in Dankook university hospital. The correlations between direction and intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and monothermal caloric test, SCEP and DP in step velocity, VOR asymmetry (0.01, 0.04, 0.16 Hz) in SHA test were analysed. And correlations according to sex, age were also analysed. RESULTS: The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and monothermal caloric test was 0.60. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and SCEP was 0.35. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and Tc DP was 0.36 and it showed no significant correlation. The correlation coefficient between intensity of spontaneous nystagmus and VOR asymmetry (0.01, 0.04, 0.16) was 0.57, 0.46, 0.51, respectively and there was higher correlation in man, age under 60. CONCLUSION: Intensity of spontaneous nystagmus showed close relations to monothermal caloric test, VOR asymmetry of SHA, Tc DP, SCEP DP in sequence. In addition, young male patients tends to be closely related to intensity of spontaneous nystagmus.
Caloric Tests ; Humans ; Male ; Vestibular Function Tests* ; Vestibular Neuronitis*

The antihypertensive effect of Doxazocin were evaluated in 20 patients with essential hypertension. Two to eight mg of Doxazocin per day were administered continuously for two or eight weeks. The results were as follows : 1) Doxazocin were effective in 18 out of 20 patients(90%) at the end of 8 weeks treatment. 2) The systolic blood pressure was signigicantly decreased(173+/-20mmHg VS 144+/-33mmHg, P+/-0.001), and the diastolic blood pressure was also decreased(110+/-10mmHg VS 93+/-19mmHg, P<0.01) after treatment. 3) Triglyceride showed a decreasing tendency but statistically significance was not observed. Total cholesteral, HDL-cholesterol, BUN, creatinine, and uric acid did not change significantly before and after treatment with Doxazocin. 4) The side effects were headache in one case and dizziness in to cases. These results suggest that Doxazocin is an effective antihypertensive agent and concerning lipid profile, further long term observation is needed.
Blood Pressure ; Creatinine ; Dizziness ; Headache ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Triglycerides ; Uric Acid

Time intervals and indices of left ventricular diastolic filling were studied by M-mode and pulsed Doppler Echocardiography in 18 dilated cardiomyopathy patients. After one two hours captopril(capril(R)) 25mg medication. 1)Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Heart rate were significantly decreased. 2) Dimensions of LVSD, LVDD, LA, Aorta and EF were not changed measured by M-mode echocardiography. 3) IRT measured by M-mode and Pulsed Doppler echocardiography were significantly increased(45+/-33msec VS 74+/-35msec. 84+/-32msec VS 100+/-22msec P<0.05). 4) A2-E measured by M-mode and Pulsed Doppler echocardiography were significantly increased(114+/-45msec VS 134+/-46msec, 156+/-46msec VS 194+/-48msec, P<0.05). 5) Deceleration time was significantly increased(137+/-36msec VS 205+/-40msec P<0.05). 6) Transmitral peak flow velocities were not changed significantly. In summary captopril influences early diastolic time intervals with dilated cardiomyopathy patients and we interpreted these effects be beneficial on diastolic filling pattern.
Aorta ; Blood Pressure ; Captopril ; Cardiomyopathy, Dilated* ; Deceleration ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Doppler, Pulsed ; Heart Rate ; Humans