BACKGROUND: A number of studies indicate that aerosol spray lidocaine and non-steroidal anti- inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) provide good postoperative analgesia for both minor and major surgeries. The aim of this study was to compare the analgesic and side effects of topical lidocaine spray with that of ketorolac after a tonsillectomy. METHODS: In a double blind, randomized manner, sixty ASA class 1 or 2 patients were selected for a tonsillectomy under general anesthesia. All patients received propofol 2 mg/kg and vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg followed by a propofol infusion of 6 - 10 mg/kg/h in O2/N2O 40%/60%. At the end of surgery, the patients were divided into three groups and given no drug (group 1, n = 20), given 2 mg/kg 10% lidocaine sprayed to posttonsillectomy sites (group 2, n = 20) or given intravenous ketorolac 0.5 mg/kg (group 3, n = 20). Postoperative pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS) score at 30 minutes, 1, 2 and 4 hours after full recovery and the side effects of the three groups were evaluated. RESULTS: The VAS of group 2 was significantly lower than that of other groups at 30 min after recovery (P = 0.00). At 1 h, the VAS of group 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that of group 1 (P = 0.00), and the VAS of group 2 was significantly lower than that of group 3 (P = 0.02). At 2 and 4 hrs, the VAS of groups 2 and 3 were significantly lower than that of group 1 (P = 0.00), but the difference was not significant between groups 2 and 3. Side effects such as hoarseness, oral paresthesia, swallowing difficulty and oral bleeding were observed. However, the intensity of side effects was mild. CONCLUSIONS: 10% lidocaine spray and intravenous ketorolac injection produce a significant analgesic effect without specific complications after a tonsillectomy. In control of immediate postoperative pain, 10% lidocaine spray has a better effect than that of intravenous ketorolac injection.
Analgesia ; Anesthesia, General ; Deglutition ; Hemorrhage ; Hoarseness ; Humans ; Ketorolac* ; Lidocaine* ; Pain, Postoperative ; Paresthesia ; Propofol ; Tonsillectomy* ; Vecuronium Bromide

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cricetinae* ; Mice*

OBJECTIVES: E-cadherin is a transmembrane protein that is one of the key players involved in cell to cell adhesion. Loss of E-cadherin expression is suggested to promote tumor invasion and distant metastasis in tumor development. Recently, it has been proposed E-cadherin function requires its linkage to the cytoskeleton through catenins. So defects in catenins may cause defective E-cadherin function and promote tumor invasion. We intend to evaluate the expression of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta-, gamma- catenin in tissues of human endometrial carcinoma to analyze the patterns of cell adhesion molecules' expression in endometrial carcinoma and to investigate the relationship between status of cell adhesion molecules and various clinicopathological factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study investigated the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin and alpha-, beta-, gamma- catenin in 33 paraffin embedded formalin fixed tissues of endometrial carcinomas. RESULTS: Aberrant E-cadherin, alpha-, beta-, gamma- catenin expression was observed in 33.3(11 of 33), 27.3(9 of 33), 18.2 (6 of 33), and 51.5(17 of 33) % of the specimens, respectively. Statistically significant correlation was found between aberrant expression of E-cadherin and lymph node metastasis and cell types other than endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Aberrant pattern of gamma- catenin expression also correlated with deep myometrial invasion. But alpha-, beta- catenin expression were not correlated with any clinicopathological parameters. Using Kaplan-Meier curves, abnormal expression of E-cadherin correlated closely with poor survival (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: We revealed aberrant expression of these cell adhesion molecules in part of patients with endometrial carcinoma. Aberrant expression of E-cadherin was correlated with lymph node metastasis and cell types other than endometrioid adenocarcinoma and aberrant expression of gamma-catenin was related with deep myometrial invasion.
Cadherins* ; Carcinoma, Endometrioid ; Catenins* ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cytoskeleton ; Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; gamma Catenin ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Paraffin

No abstract available.
Endometrial Neoplasms* ; Female

PURPOSE: Recent studies have shown that potassium (K+) and sodium channels are involved in prostate cell growth. However, a great many of the studies have been done in prostate cancer cell lines and there are only scant studies on prostate cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) tissue. The present study was aimed to evaluate the alterations of the calcium-activated K+ channel (KCa) expression in prostate cancer, and to compare them with the expression profiles in human BPH tissue to understand their potential role in the progression of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The prostate tissues obtained from radical prostatectomy (n=10) and transurethral resection of the prostate (n=18) were quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen for the RNA measurements. The protein and mRNA levels of the KCa subtypes and connexins were measured by performing immunoblot analysis and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, respectively. RESULTS: The mRNA levels of type 2 (SK2) and type 3 (SK3) small-conductance and large-conductance (BK) KCas in the prostate cancer tissues were decreased more than 50% compared with those in the BPH samples. In addition, the BK and SK2 protein levels in prostate cancer were also significantly lower than those in the BPH. As reported previously, the connexin 26 and 43 transcript signals in the prostate cancer were significantly reduced compared with those in the BPH samples. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the impaired expression of KCas may have a role in tumor progression via aberrant and uncontrolled prostate cell growth.
Cell Line ; Connexins ; Humans* ; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Nitrogen ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Potassium ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated* ; Prostate* ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; Prostatic Neoplasms* ; RNA ; RNA, Messenger ; Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels ; Sodium Channels

In this article, Table 1's data was given incorrectly. Metodopramide should be corrected as Metoclopramide.

Trichoadenoma is a rare cutaneous tumor that was first described by Nikolowski in 1958. It usually occurs as a single tumor on the face and its size varies from 3 to 50mm in diameter. It may arise any time during adult life. This tumor is less mature than trichofolliculoma and more differentiated than trichoepithelioma, and it is considered as a benign tumor with differentiation toward the infundibular portion of the pilosebaceous canal. In this report, we describe a 61-year-old women who developed trichoadenoma on the left shoulder of 3 years duration. The lesion was asymptomatic and had grown slowly. Histopathological findings showed numurous horn cysts with central keratinous material and solid tumor islands reaching to the deep dermis. Immunohistochemical studies showed negative findings for eccrine differentiation.
Adult ; Animals ; Dermis ; Female ; Horns ; Humans ; Islands ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to examine how the mRNA and protein levels of calcium activated Kchannel (K(Ca)) and connexin (Cx) change in association with overactive bladder in the bladder mucosae of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty SUI patients were included in our study. Bladder mucosae were obtained, with using cold cup biopsy forceps, from the patients suffering with genuine stress urinary incontinence (group 1, n=7), from the patients suffering with SUI along with urgency and frequency (group 2, n=6), and from the patients suffering with mixed incontinence (group 3, n=7). RESULTS: The mRNA transcripts of type 2 (SK2) and type 3 (SK3) small conductance K(Ca), Cx26, and Cx43 were highly expressed in the bladder mucosa. The message of large conductance K(Ca)(BK) was significantly decreased in group 3 compared with that in the controls. The SK2 and Cx26 messages in group 3 were also lower than those in groups 1 and 2. In the presence of urge incontinence, the BK and SK2 protein levels were decreased and the Cx26 protein expression was significantly increased in the bladder mucosa of the SUI patients. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the mRNA and protein levels of K(Ca)s and Cxs between groups 1 and group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Downregulation of both BK and SK2 and upregulation of Cx26 in the bladder mucosa of MI patients may contribute to the alterations of urothelial instability, and this correlate with the symptom severity of bladder instability in SUI patients.
Biopsy ; Calcium ; Connexin 43 ; Connexins ; Down-Regulation ; Humans ; Mucous Membrane* ; Potassium Channels, Calcium-Activated* ; RNA, Messenger ; Surgical Instruments ; Up-Regulation ; Urinary Bladder* ; Urinary Bladder, Overactive* ; Urinary Incontinence* ; Urinary Incontinence, Stress ; Urinary Incontinence, Urge ; Urothelium

Kimura's disease is a chronic inflammatory disease which commonly affects the head and neck regions in young oriental men. It is a rare disease and is found as tumor-like painless swelling with or without lymphadenopathy. However, it's treatment method is not clearly defined. The purpose of this article is to report a very unusual case which is often mistaken for a malignant tumor. A 15-year old male was seen with diffuse epiglottic swelling and cervical lymphadenopathy. CT and MRI showed diffusely enlarged epiglottis with homogenous ensity and bilateral multiple lymphadenopathy in internal jugular and spinal accessory chains. Biopsy of epiglottic mass was performed under the impression of malignant lymphoma. The histology revealed marked lymphoid follicular hyperplasia and massive interfollicular eosinophilic cell infiltration, which was compatible with Kimura's disease. The mass was partially excised especially in laryngeal surface area because the mass was not separated from epiglottis itself. After surgical removal, oral prednisolone was taken. The epiglottis was nearly returned to its normal figure after subsequent excision and vaporization with CO2 laser and neck nodes enlargements were spontaneously resolved. The etiology of this disease is still unknown. It is essential to differentiate it with malignant tumor through biopsy. When Kimura's disease is confirmed, combination of surgical excision and oral steroid appear to be effective therapeutic modality.
Adolescent ; Biopsy ; Eosinophils ; Epiglottis* ; Head ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Lasers, Gas ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Lymphoma ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Neck ; Prednisolone ; Rare Diseases ; Volatilization

The functional expression of potassium (K+) channels has electrophysiologically been studied in bone cells from several species, however, their identity and regulation of gene expressions in bone cells are not well known. In the present study, to investigate how K+ channel expressions are regulated by estrogen, we measured changes of transcript levels of various Ca2+-activated (K(Ca)) and ATP-sensitive K+ channels in rat osteoblastic ROS 17/2.8 cells after treatment with estrogen. Application of 17beta-estradiol (E2) for 24 h and 48 h increased mRNA and protein expressions of inwardly rectifying K+ channel (Kir) 6.2 and type 2 small conductance K(Ca) channel (SK2), respectively. Combined treatment of cells with 17beta-E2 and ICI 182,780, a pure antiestrogen, suppressed 17beta-E2-induced alterations of SK2 and Kir6.2 mRNA levels. In addition, treatment of cells with U0126, a specific inhibitor of extracellular receptor kinases (ERK)1/2, and SP600125, a specific inhibitor of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) blocked the enhancing effects of 17beta-E2 on SK2 and Kir6.2 protein expressions. On the other hand, blocking of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase had no effect. Taken together, these results indicate that 17beta-E2 modulates SK2 and Kir6.2 expressions through the estrogen receptor, involving ERK1/2 and JNK activations.
Animals ; Estrogen Receptor Modulators ; Estrogens ; Gene Expression ; Hand ; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; MAP Kinase Signaling System* ; Osteoblasts ; Phosphotransferases ; Potassium ; Protein Kinases ; Rats* ; RNA, Messenger ; Up-Regulation*