The purpose of this study was to analyze the accuracy of intra oral scanner (IOS) to confirm the applicability of IOS for the recording and analysis of tooth morphology in forensics. The less damaged mandible specimen with many teeth remaining was scanned three times using three types of intraoral scanners (CS3600, i500, and Trios3). For quantitative comparisons of the scanned images produced by these intraoral scanners, root mean square (RMS) values were computed using a three-dimensional analysis program and a one-way ANOVA was conducted with Tukey HSD (honestly significant difference) as a post-hoc analysis (α=0.05). The repeatability of the full scan data was highest with the i500 (0.14±0.03 mm), and the post-hoc analysis confirmed significant differences between the CS3600 and the i500 outcomes (P-value=0.003). The repeatability of the partial scan data for the teeth in the mandible was highest with the i500 (0.08±0.02 mm), and the post-hoc analysis confirmed significant differences between the CS3600 and the i500 (P-value=0.016). The precision of the full scan data was highest with the i500 (0.16±0.01 mm) but the differences were not statistically significant (P-value=0.091). Meanwhile, the precision of the partial scan data for the teeth in the mandible was highest with the Trios3 (0.22±0.02 mm), but the differences were not statistically significant (P-value=0.762). Considering that the scanning of other areas of the oral cavity in addition to the teeth is important in forensic odontology, the i500 scanner appears to be the most appropriate intraoral scanner for human identification. However, as the scope of oral scanning is generally limited to teeth in the practice of dentistry, additional discussions of how to apply the IOS in forensic odontology are needed. Ultimately, the results here can contribute to the overall discussion of the forensic applicability dental data produced by intraoral scanners.

No abstract available.
Depression*

Acardic twining is a rare congenital anomaly, usually in monozygotic twins. This condition is characterized by the absence or rudimentary development of fetal hear, and associated with various anomaly(especially with anecephalus). The acardiac malformations are uniformly fatal in the affected twin, and mortality in the co-twin is as high as 55%. We recently experienced a case of acardius acephalus associated with a normal term male infant, so present with a brief review of the literature.
Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mortality ; Twins* ; Twins, Monozygotic

No abstract available.
Ambulatory Care Facilities* ; Humans ; Outpatients*

No abstract available.
Bilirubin* ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn* ; Kernicterus*

The decrease of bone density after fracture is a well-known phenomenon. Several studies of the changes of bone density after fracture demonstrated bone density decreased not only at the fracture site, b ut also along the whole fractured bone. Being treated with locked intramedullary (IM) nailing, 15 patients with the long bone fractures of lower limbs were examined by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) or Dual-Energy X-ray Bone Densitometer (Lunar DPX-L) a few days after nail removal. In the cases of QCT (5 patients of the tibia shaft fracture), cortical bone density, cortical thickness and geometrical shape (i.e. external antero-posterior and medio-lateral diameters) of the fracture site were compared to those of the contralateral side. On the other hand, in the case of Lunar' (5 patients of the tibia shaft fracture & 5 patients of the femur shaft fracture), only cortical bone density was compared to that of the contralateral side. The results of this study were as follows: 1. When treated by the locked intramedullary nailing of the long bone fractures, the bone density of the tibia & femur shaft fractures measured from the fracture site, proximal and distal sites to mid-fracture decreased. 2. There was a difference in the bone density of the uninjured long bone diaphysis of the tibia & femur shaft fractures. That is, in the case of the tibia shaft fracture, the bone density of the ipsilateral femur diaphysis measured by QCT increased 2 %, and increased 7 % when measured by Lunar. But, in the case of the femur shaft fracture, the bone density of the ipsilateral tibia diaphysis measured by Lunar decreased 4%. 3. In the case of the tibia shaft fracture, the cortical thickness in the fracture site measured by QCT increased 72 %, and external antero-posterior and medio-lateral diameters increased 7 % and 63 %. It seemed to be the formation of peripheral callus due to medullary reaming preceding intramedullary nail insertion. Therefore, this clinical study demonstrated that the mechanical property of the long bone fractures was restored and restricted weight bearing hardly needs to recommended when the nail was removed after the fracture union. 4. The bone densities of the tibia shaft fratures measured by QCT were not different with those measured by Lunar.
Bone Density* ; Bony Callus ; Diaphyses ; Femur ; Fracture Fixation, Intramedullary* ; Fractures, Bone* ; Hand ; Humans ; Lower Extremity ; Tibia ; Weight-Bearing

Fractures of the femur and tibia on the same leg encountered with forceful trauma. In these fractures, the treatment was difficult and the functional result was poor in most cases. Authors treated 22 fractures of femur and tibia on the same leg and analysed it. And the results were as follows. 1. The most common location of fractures was mid-third in both femur and tibia. 2. The shape of fractures was transverse or comminuted in most cases in femur and tibia. 3. Among the method of treatment of femoral fractures, the results were better in intramedullary-nailing group than plate and screw fixation group. There were three poor results in intramedullary-nailing group. These were attributed to the severity of combined tibial fractures. 4. Among the method of treatment of tibial fractures, the results were better in external fixation group which minimized the soft tissue injury than plate and screw fixation group. 5. According to the criteria of Karlstrom and Olerud, the final results were relatively good in 54% of cases. For the better results, it seemed to be needed initial careful planning and attention for the treatment.
Femoral Fractures ; Femur ; Leg ; Methods ; Soft Tissue Injuries ; Tibia ; Tibial Fractures

Although obturator herniae are rare, they are associated with a high mortality, as diagnosis is often delayed and the condition tends to occur in the elderly. The preoperative diagnosis is difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and sign. They often produce a small bowel obstruction. The treatment is always surgical. Several repair techniques have been described: a sac ligation alone, a direct suture repair, and the use of autologous tissue or prosthetic repair. Recently, the placement of permanent mesh prostheses, in a clean contaminated operative field, has been performed due to the minimal wound-related morbidity and patient mortality. Thus, utilization of a permanent mesh in an obturator hernia is a new, simple and effective method for repair. Two cases of a strangulated obturator hernia were experienced in elderly women. The peritoneal cavity was not overly contaminated, with only necrotic foci on the herniated small bowel wall noted. A segmental resection of the small bowel was performed. Consequently, the hernia defect was closed with mesh- plug between the peritoneum and periosteum of the obturator foramen. Here, two cases of obturator herniae treated by use of a mesh-plug are reported, with a brief review of the literature.
Aged ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Hernia ; Hernia, Obturator* ; Humans ; Ligation ; Mortality ; Periosteum ; Peritoneal Cavity ; Peritoneum ; Prostheses and Implants ; Sutures

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess health-related behavior of pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers by investigating relevant risk factors. METHODS: Data of 10,396 women (age 19 to 49 years) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey report from 2007 to 2012 was used to analyze factors associated with health-related behavior. The subjects were divided into pregnant women; breastfeeding mothers; and non-pregnant women. Bottle feeding mothers were excluded. RESULTS: Current smoking rate including self-reported smoker and/or positive cotinine urine test were lower for pregnant or breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Heavy-drinking was not different among groups while monthly drinking rate was higher in non-pregnant group. Rate of stress recognition was lower in pregnant and breast-feeding group than non-pregnant group. Rate of experience for depressive symptoms and rate of suicidal ideation were not different among groups. CONCLUSION: Pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers maintain a good pattern of health-related behavior compared to non-pregnant women. However, substantial proportion of pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers continue to drink and smoke. This shows the need for a plan that will modify health-related behavior.
Bottle Feeding ; Breast Feeding ; Cotinine ; Depression ; Drinking ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Mothers* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Pregnant Women* ; Risk Factors ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Suicidal Ideation

OBJECTIVES: Although cigarette smoking is known to be related to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, several studies have indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among asthmatic adolescents is similar to or even higher than that among non-asthmatic adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors and whether or not the presence of suicidal ideation modifies this relationship among Korean adolescents. METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2008 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cigarette use behaviors among current asthmatics, former asthmatics, and non-asthmatics, after adjusting for gender, grade, school records, socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and suicidal ideation. RESULTS: Of 75 238 study participants, 3.5% were current asthmatics and 4.5% were former asthmatics. Compared with non-asthmatics, asthmatics were more likely to report current cigarette use, frequent and heavy cigarette use, and cigarette use before 13 years of age. There were statistically significant interactions between asthma and suicidal ideation in cigarette use behaviors. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that asthmatic adolescents are more likely than non-asthmatic adolescents to engage in cigarette use behaviors and the presence of suicidal ideation is an effect modifier of the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors. Particular attention should be paid to the awareness of health risks of cigarette smoking and mental health problems among asthmatic adolescents.
Adolescent ; Adolescent Behavior ; Age Factors ; Asthma/*complications/epidemiology/*psychology ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Humans ; Male ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Risk-Taking ; Smoking/epidemiology/*psychology ; Socioeconomic Factors ; *Suicidal Ideation ; Suicide, Attempted/psychology/statistics & numerical data