Nasal septoplasty is often required to correct a cosmetic deformity, which is a common reason for patients to present to a plastic surgeon. If nasal septoplasty is insufficient, a residual deformity or nasal obstruction may remain after surgery. Even if the nasal septum is corrected to an appropriate position, nasal congestion could be exacerbated if the turbinate on the other side is not also corrected. Therefore, appropriate treatment is required based on the condition of the turbinates. Herein, we survey recent trends in treatment and review previous research papers on turbinoplasty procedures that can be performed alongside nasal septoplasty.

No abstract available.
Animals ; Microscopy, Electron* ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal* ; Muscle, Skeletal* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch*

To analyze the effects of capsaicin administered to the arthritic rat model, immunohistochemical stains for c-fos protein in the spinal dorsal horn and for substance P and CGRP in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) were done. Kaolin and careegenan were administered to the knee joint cavity of adult rats to induce arthritis, and capsaicin was administered immediately after kaolin-careegenan injection. A count was conducted of the c-fos immunoreactive dorsal horn neurons and substance P and CGRP immunoreactive cells in L5 and L6 DRG to elucidate the effect of capsaicin. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn was increased markedly 2 hours after the kaolin and careegenan injection to the knee joint, and decreased gradually to the control level 1 week after injection. 2. The number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the superficial dorsal horn of capsaicin- treated rats was less than in those rats not injected with capsaicin. 3. The number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the deep dorsal horn was increased later than those in the superficial dorsal horn and reached peak level 16 hours after the kaolin and careegenan injection, and decreased gradually therafter. 4. The number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the deep dorsal horn of the capsaicin treated rats was less than in those rats not treated with capsaicin. 5. The number of substance P and CGRP immunoreactive DRG neurons increased 24 hours after the kaolin and careegenan injection to the knee joint, and also apparently increased 1 week after injection. 6. The number of substance P and CGRP immunoreactive DRG neurons of capsaicin- treated rats was less than in those rats not treated with capsaicin administered rats. Capsaicin reduces the number of c-fos immunoreactive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn, and also reduces the number of substance P and CGRP immunoreactive neurons in the DRG of the arthritic rat model, which may be closely related to the analgesic effects of capsaicin.
Adult ; Animals ; Arthritis ; Capsaicin* ; Coloring Agents ; Diagnosis-Related Groups ; Ganglia, Spinal* ; Horns ; Humans ; Kaolin ; Knee Joint ; Models, Animal* ; Neurons ; Posterior Horn Cells ; Rats* ; Spinal Cord* ; Spinal Nerve Roots* ; Substance P

PURPOSE: To evaluate the treatment results and prognostic factors after radiotherapy in stage IIB uterine cervix cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 90 patients with stage IIB uterine cervix cancer who received radiotherapy between 9/94 and 12/99. Age was ranged from 28 to 79 years (median 57). Tumor size was > or = 4 cm in 64 patients. Preteatment SCC level was measured in 76 patients. Twenty nine patients received conventional radiotherapy (QD) and the others received modified hyperfractionated radiotherapy (BID). Only 7 patients in BID had tumor size <4 cm. All patients received high dose rate brachytherapy (4 Gy x 7 or 5 Gy x 6). No patient received concurrent chemotherapy during radiotherapy. Follow up period was ranging from 9 to 76 months (median 38). RESULTS: The 5-year overall and disease free survival rates were 73.4% and 71.6%, respectively. Local recurrences occurred in 10% of patients, and distant metastasis in 18.9%. There was a significant correlation between OS/DFS and tumor size (<4 cm; OS 95.2%, DFS 91.4%, > or = 4 cm; OS 63.4%, DFS 63.4%). Pretreatment SCC level was one of prognostic factors only in univariate analysis. CONCLUSION: With modified hyperfractionated radiotherapy, there was very low local recurrence rate (6.6%) and high 5-year overall and disease free survival rate (75.4% and 70.5%), which is comparable to results after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in bulky, locally advanced stage IIB uterine cervix cancer.
Brachytherapy ; Cervix Uteri* ; Chemoradiotherapy ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Radiotherapy* ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

PURPOSE: We reviewed the incidence, causes, location, treatment and prognosis of the severe iatrogenic ureteral avulsions caused by ureteroscopy procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed the records of eight patients with ureteral avulsion out of 683 patients treated with ureteroscopic procedures, retrospectively. The patients had surgical correction or ureteral double-J stenting for the iatrogenic ureteral avulsions. RESULTS: The incidence of ureteral avulsion was 1.17%. While seven cases occurred during ureteroscopic removal of a stone, five cases among them occurred during stone basketing and two cases occurred during insertion of the ureteroscope. Another case among eight avulsion cases occurred while removing the during an endopyelotomy for a ureteral stricture. Depending on the length of the ureteral avulsion, four cases were over 2cm, the patientsopen surgical repair for ureteral continuity restoration immediately; three cases, under 2cm, were treated with indwelling ureteral double J stents, and one case with an injury to the entire ureter was treated with a nephrectomy. The result of the surgical treatment as the initial treatment was good in all cases. On the other hand, among the three cases with an inserted ureteral double-J stent, one case had aresult and the other two developed hydronephrosis. CONCLUSION: Careful attention to surgical techniques and awareness of risk factors and types of potential injuries are essential to reduce severe iatrogenic ureteral avulsions. Our reports suggest that open surgical repair is better than an indwelling ureteral double-J stent for patients with a ureteral avulsion.
Constriction, Pathologic ; Hand ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Incidence ; Nephrectomy ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Stents ; Ureter* ; Ureteroscopes ; Ureteroscopy

The classic abdominoplasty still provides the best results, despite many advances in abdominoplasty techniques. Performing liposuction and at the same time abdominoplasty is associated with a relatively high incidence of complication especially in patients with wide undermining of the abdominal flap. So, when performing the liposuction and abdominoplasty at the same time, cautious suctioning with small cannulas in the upper abdominal flap is recommended. Most perform liposuction and abdominoplasty separately, with 6-month interval between procedures to avoid involvement of the blood vessel. In 1992, Illouz published a technique of abdominoplasty without undermining that was used in obese patients with pendulous abdomens in which an enbloc resection followed by superior lipoplasty and limited plication of abdominal recti muscle. Authors present a new surgical approach to the aesthetic treatment of the abdominal region, especially upper abdomen, which uses the principles of liposuction and the traditional abdominoplasty with limited central undermining flap. Lipoplasty proceeds from the region above the umbilicus to the flank and the skin is resected as in classical abdominoplasty, but a thinner fatty layer with its connective tissue is preserved. The limited central undermining is done for the correction of diastasis recti in upper abdomen. Authors suggest that lipoabdominoplasty with limited central undermining may be appropriate technique to enhances the upper abdominal contour with fewer complications.
Abdomen ; Abdominoplasty ; Blood Vessels ; Catheters ; Connective Tissue ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lipectomy ; Skin ; Suction ; Umbilicus

No abstract available.

Silicone tube intubation with pigtail probe is one of the popular methods for lacerated canalicular repair. One of the major problems in this method is the difficulty of silicone tube insertion into the lumen of the lacerated canaliculus due to the large tip diameter of silicone tube itself, Also, long-term maintenance of silicone tube may cause conjunctival irritation and cosmetic problems. We could minimize the difficulty of silicone tube insertion by suture connection between a round-tip eyed pigtail probe and a silicone tube tip prepared like syringe needle tip for patients with lower lacrimal canalicular laceration. We could keep the silicone tube safely and effectively by inserting the anastomosis site of closed loop system into the upper punctum.
Humans ; Intubation* ; Lacerations ; Needles ; Silicones* ; Sutures ; Syringes

BACKGROUND: In Korea before the enforcement of the medical reform in July 2000, it was generally difficult to analyze the conditions of prescriptions in hospitals and clinics. It was true that the circulation process of prescribed medicine was unclear and that there was no support between medical and pharmaceutical industries with the government. Also with the reality of high rate of pharmaceutical expenses among medical costs in Korea, it was necessary to enforce reform of medical and pharmaceutical industries and for our citizens to follow the new reform as well in order to prevent drug abuse and reduce medical costs. This research was to provide basis for future studies on prescription conditions and related factors through compared analysis of before and after the medical reform by analyzing university hospital prescriptions. METHODS: A comparison and analysis of patients, who visited a university hospital for medical treatment, was dpme. There were 23,974 patients in March 2000, and 22,550 patients in March 2001. During these periods 16,870, 12,919 prescriptions were each issued, respectively. RESULTS: There was a total of 46,524 outpatients with 29,789 prescription issued. There were 23,974 outpatients in March 2000 and 22,550 in March 2001 with 16,870 and 12,919 prescriptions, respectively. Among the outpatients, there were 20,769 men (44.6%) and 24,471 women (52.6%) with 13,527 and 16,209 prescriptions, respectively. In comparing the outpatients and prescription issued patients in March 2000 and in March 2001, both men and women showed decrease in the number of prescriptions (P <.001). Also in the ages between 0-15, 16-40 and 41-65, there was a clear evidence of decrease in the number of both outpatients and prescription issued patients (P<0.001). However in the age group of 65 and over there was an increase of 4,453 patients from 3,956 outpatients. The patient analysis in March 2000 and March 2001 excluding the outpatients in emergency, urology, dentistry and radiology shows a decrease in the number of patients in medical departments in general. Also except for the increase of prescription authorized patients in dentistry, urology and family health, it showed a decrease. In general, there was a decrease in the number of cases in the issuance of prescriptions excluding few item changes in the upper 1st to 10th medicine categories in prescribed frequencies. For prescribed medicine categories no vast difference existed. In total medicine categories, there was a decrease in injections from 24.5% to 12.3% and increase of oral medications from 64.5% to 73.8%. Also there was a significant decrease of prescriptions in injections for antibiotics and significant increase of prescription for anti-hypertensive agents such as Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors. CONCLUSION: This study involved before and after the reform of prescription conditions and obtained related factor information. The results may differ depending on the type of a hospital, patient distribution and local area, but has provided valuable basic research information which did not exist in previous university hospital unit. Hence in relation to the before and after the medical reform, future studies on diseases and on significant changes in elderly patient care, antibiotic usage and in categories of anti-hypertensive agents may be necessary.
Aged ; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Dentistry ; Drug Industry ; Emergencies ; Family Health ; Female ; Hospital Units ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Outpatients* ; Patient Care ; Prescriptions* ; Substance-Related Disorders ; Urology