OBJECTIVES: The purpose of present study is to identify the differences between temperament and character traits among adolescents classified by ego resilience and ego control level. METHODS: A Junior Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) was performed on participants, and a California Child Q-Test (CCQ) was tested for by the parents of the adolescent participants. RESULTS: The result of the factor analysis and discriminant analysis show that the participants are classified into three different groups based on CCQ score and item response patterns. The three groups are named the ego resilience group, the undercontrolled group, and the overcontrolled group. The ego resilience group indicates that they have a high level of interest and curiosity but yet they are not easily tempered. Moreover, they behave proactively with a reasonable level of responsibility in order to improve themselves. In contrast, among the undercontrolled group, it is observed that, although the group shows even higher level of interest, curiosity and honesty, they are careless, more impulsive, and have a lack of delayed gratification and shame. CONCLUSION: The overcontrolled group shows that they are the most cautious and reflective group among the three but also show emotional instability such as strong criticism and passive-aggressiveness. In this study, implications and limitations are discussed.
Adolescent ; California ; Child ; Ego ; Exploratory Behavior ; Humans ; Parents ; Temperament

Parovarian cyst is usually simple cyst, and accounts for 10%–20% of adnexal masses. Borderline or malignant parovarian tumor is rare, and it contains papillary projection at the smooth inner wall. We report the ultrasonography, CT and MRI findings of a parovarian serous borderline tumor in 19-year-old female presenting left lower quadrant abdominal discomfort for 2 days.

Radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy (RILSP) is an uncommon complication of pelvic radiotherapy that can result in different degrees of sensory and motor deficits.An age 59 female with cervical cancer, who had received combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy two years before, presented with bilaterally symmetric lowerextremity weakness and tingling sensation. The magnetic resonance imaging showed diffuse T2 bright signal intensity and mild enhancement along the bilateral lumbosacral plexus with no space-occupying masses. RILSP was diagnosed after the exclusion of malignant and inflammatory plexopathies.

Objectives: This study examined the results of the restandardization of the Korean Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). The Korean PAI was first standardized in 2001 and then restandardized in 2019 to establish new normative data. On the other hand, differences may exist in the results of the restandardized version considering the time interval, which may include cultural and social differences. Thus, differences between the results of the Korean PAI administered in 2001 and 2019 must be examined to confirm its new normative data followed by restandardization. Methods: Data from 2212 adults who administered the original Korean PAI in 2001 and 1263 adults who administered the Korean PAI in 2019 were collected. The study compared the reliability and mean scores. In addition, the mean scores of the Korean PAI administered in 2019 were converted to T-scores adapted to the normative data of 2001. The collected data was analyzed using a t-test and comparing the T-scores. Results: The internal consistency reliability showed a similar pattern in both versions, but the differences among the mean scores and T-scores appeared to be significant. Conclusion The significant differences between the scores of the Korean PAI administered in 2001 and 2019 reflect the result of the restandardization. Therefore, the restandardized version of the Korean PAI may bring more precise information that can be adapted to the contemporary era.

OBJECTIVES: The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item scale for measuring the extent of negative attitudes about the future. Previous studies repeatedly demonstrated clinical utility of BHS, particularly for predicting suicide. The aim of this study is to examine the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the Beck Hopelessness Scale (K-BHS), which is commonly used for measuring hopelessness. METHODS: The study sample consisted of 1022 community-dwelling general adults from 4 regional areas (i.e., Seoul, Gyeonggi, Cheongju, and Jinju) across South Korea. They completed the K-BHS, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha value for the K-BHS was 0.85. Test-retest reliability at average 7.2 days was 0.86. Discriminant validity was determined. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three factor model. CONCLUSION: The K-BHS demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity and therefore may be useful in measuring the construct of hopelessness and in clinical suicide risk assessments. Further studies are needed in order to explore the psychometric features and correlates of this scale among clinical populations.
Adult ; Anxiety ; Chungcheongbuk-do ; Depression ; Gyeonggi-do ; Humans ; Korea ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Risk Assessment ; Seoul ; Suicide

OBJECTIVE: The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) is one of the most popular scales for evaluating the severity of depression in adolescents as well as adults. The prevalence of depression increases during adolescence, and it has shown a rapid increase with occurrence at an earlier age and a tendency to continue into adulthood. Data from an adolescent nonclinical sample provides us more information related to depressive symptoms as potential risk factors. The current study was designed to two objectives: 1) to analyze the reliability and validity the BDI-II among Korean adolescents and 2) to evaluate the factorial structure in a Korean nonclinical adolescent sample. METHODS: The participants included 1072 adolescent boys and girls. We assessed the internal consistency, corrected item-total correlation, and the convergent validity of the BDI-II. We also performed confirmatory factor analyses to determine the internal structure of the BDI-II for Korean adolescents using Mplus 6.1. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha for the BDI-II total score was 0.89. The correlation between the BDI-II and the PHQ-9 was strong (r=0.75), and anxiety-related measures were 0.68 and 0.71, which were also in the high range. Among the five different factor structures, the modified three-factor model demonstrated the best overall fit. CONCLUSION: The BDI-II is a reliable tool for measuring the severity of depressive symptoms in Korean adolescents. Therefore, the findings can provide basic information for examining the prevalence rate, intervention strategies for depression in adolescents.
Adolescent* ; Adult ; Depression* ; Depressive Disorder ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Prevalence ; Psychometrics ; Reproducibility of Results* ; Risk Factors ; Weights and Measures

Recently developed cDNA microarray or DNA chip technology allows expression monitoring of expression of hundreds and thousands of genes simultaneously and provides a format for identifying genes as well as changes in their activity. In order to search for changes in gene expression after X irradiation in HL60 cells, cDNA microarray technique was done. In this study, expression of 588 human genes (including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell cycle regulator genes, intracellular signal transduction modulator genes, apoptosis related genes, transcription factor genes, growth factors and receptor genes, cytokine genes, etc) were analyzed. For cDNA microarray analysis mRNAs were extracted from control and 8 Gy-irradiated HL60 cells. As a result the changes in expression of several genes were observed. This alteration of gene expression was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The expression of heat shock 60 KD protein, c-jun, erythroid differentiation factor, CPP32, myeloid cell nuclear differentiation antigen, MAP kinase-activated protein kinase, interleukin-8, monocyte chemotactic peptide 1 and RANTES genes was increased, but the expression of p55CDC gene was decreased after X irradiation.
Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Chemokine CCL5 ; DNA, Complementary* ; Gene Expression ; Genes, Regulator ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; HL-60 Cells* ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Interleukin-8 ; Monocytes ; Myeloid Cells ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis* ; Oncogenes ; Protein Kinases ; RNA, Messenger ; Shock ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription Factors